scholarly journals Prevalence of root caries in relation to various risk factors in a sample of subjects aged (25-64) years in Erbil city: A cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Tara Talib ◽  
Vian Majeed
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Tooth Brushing ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Plaque Index ◽  
Root Caries ◽  
Gingival Index

Backgrounds: Root surface caries is a significant oral public health problem among humans' due to improvements in health care, long life expectancy, and increasing demand to maintain oral health. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of root caries in subjects in Erbil city and its relation to various risk factors. Subjects and methods: The study was conducted in twelve primary health care centers in different directions of the city. A total of 2600 subjects (1352 males and 1248 females) attending these centers aged 25-64 years old were examined. The following clinical parameters were evaluated: root caries index, plaque index, gingival index, unstimulated salivary flow rate, other related factors as behavioral habits, oral practices, and educational level were assessed by means of multiple choice questionnaires by direct interview. Results: The results of this study showed that the prevalence of root caries was (22.3%) and the mean value of root caries was (33.650±16.504) in the whole sample with statistically significant age differences of both. Males were more prevalent in root surface caries than females with significant differences. Results showed that the mandibular teeth were more affected than the maxillary teeth, and that mandibular first molars were the mostly affected teeth by root caries. Prevalence of root caries was significantly associated with these risk factors: gingival index, plaque index, unstimulated salivary flow rate, educational level, wearing removable partial dentures, frequency of snacks, tooth brushing and frequency of tooth brushing, systemic disease and use of medication, while the results showed no association between prevalence of root caries and smoking. Conclusions: The results indicate that adults and older aged individuals in Erbil city have a high prevalence of root caries and high experience of root caries as expressed by root caries index and the prevalence of root caries was associates with these risk factors: Gingival index, Plaque index, unstimulated salivary flow rate, educational level, wearing removable partial dentures, frequency of snacks, tooth brushing and frequency of tooth brushing, systemic disease and use of medication while there was no association with smoking. Keywords: Root caries, Risk factors, Root caries index, Unstimulated salivary flow rate, Behavioral habits.

scholarly journals The Effects of Tooth Brushing on Whole Salivary Flow Rate in Older Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Affoo ◽  
K. Trottier ◽  
R. Garrick ◽  
T. Mascarenhas ◽  
Y. Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Rate Increase ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Tooth Brushing ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Flow Rate Increase

Objectives. (1) To determine whether manual (MTB), or electric, tooth brushing (ETB) modulates whole salivary flow rate in older adults who are free of systemic disease. (2) To determine the duration of the brushing-related modulation of salivary flow rate. (3) To compare salivary flow rate modulation associated with MTB and ETB. Method. Twenty-one adults aged 60 years and older participated in two experimental sessions during which they used a manual, or electric, toothbrush to brush their teeth, tongue, and palate. Whole salivary flow rates were determined using the draining method before, during, and after brushing. Differences in salivary flow rates across time periods, and between conditions, were examined using paired samples t-tests applying a Holm-Bonferroni sequential procedure (pcorr<0.0045). The relationship between tooth brushing and age with respect to maximum salivary flow rate increase was examined using Pearson’s correlation coefficient (p<0.05). Results/Conclusion. Whole salivary flow rates increased during, and for up to 5 minutes following, tooth brushing in adults aged 60 years and older who were free of systemic disease. The salivary effects of MTB and ETB were not significantly different. A moderate, positive correlation was observed between tooth-brushing-related maximum salivary flow rate increase and age.

scholarly journals Effect of diabetes mellitus on periodontal health status, salivary flow rate and salivary pH in patients with chronic periodontitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Lekaa Ibraheem ◽  
Ban Ahmmad ◽  
Ayat Dhafer ◽  
Jannat Dhafer
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Plaque Index ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Gingival Index ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Diabetes and periodontitis are considered as chronic diseases with a bidirectional relationship between them. This study aimed to determine and compare the severity of periodontal health status and salivary parameters in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: Seventy participants were enrolled in this study. The subjects were divided into three groups: Group I: 25 patients had type 2 diabetes mellitus with chronic periodontitis, Group 2: 25 patients had chronic periodontitis and with no history of any systemic diseases, Group 3: 20 subjects had healthy periodontium and were systemically healthy. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected for measurement of salivary flow rate and pH. All periodontal parameters (plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level) were recorded for each patient. Results: The results showed that all clinical periodontal parameters were highest in group 1 in comparison with groups 2 and 3. Comparisons between pairs of groups revealed significant differences between groups 1 and 2 for plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level, and highly significant differences for plaque index, gingival index between groups 2 and 3, and between groups 1 and 3. The salivary flow rate and pH were lower in group 1 compared to groups 2 and 3. Inter-group comparisons of salivary parameters also revealed a significant difference between groups 1 and 2, with a non-significant difference between groups 2 and 3. Conclusion: Type 2 diabetic patients have significantly lower salivary flow rate, pH and present with advanced periodontal destruction compared to healthy patients. Key word: Saliva; periodontitis; diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Reduced Salivary Flow Rate in a Japanese Population: The Hisayama Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Takeuchi ◽  
Michiko Furuta ◽  
Toru Takeshita ◽  
Yukie Shibata ◽  
Yoshihiro Shimazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Plaque Score

The purpose of this study was to determine distinct risk factors causing reduced salivary flow rate in a community-dwelling population using a prospective cohort study design. This was a 5-year follow-up survey of 1,377 community-dwelling Japanese individuals aged ≥40 years. The salivary flow rate was evaluated at baseline and follow-up by collecting stimulated saliva. Data on demographic characteristics, use of medication, and general and oral health status were obtained at baseline. The relationship between reduced salivary flow rate during the follow-up period and its predictors was evaluated after adjustment for confounding factors. In a multivariate logistic regression model, higher age and plaque score and lower serum albumin levels were significantly associated with greater odds of an obvious reduction in salivary flow rate (age per decade, odds ratio [OR] = 1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03–1.51; serum albumin levels <4 g/dL, OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.04–2.46; plaque score ≥1, OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.04–2.24). In a multivariate linear regression model, age and plaque score remained independently associated with the increased rate of reduced salivary flow. These results suggest that aging and plaque score are important predictors of reduced salivary flow rate in Japanese adults.

scholarly journals Unstimulated Saliva-Related Caries Risk Factors in Individuals with Cystic Fibrosis: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Unstimulated Salivary Flow, pH, and Buffering Capacity

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa A. Alkhateeb ◽  
Lloyd A. Mancl ◽  
Richard B. Presland ◽  
Marilynn L. Rothen ◽  
Donald L. Chi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Caries Prevalence ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Salivary Ph

Salivary flow rate, pH, and buffering capacity are associated with dental caries, but studies from the cystic fibrosis (CF) literature are inconclusive regarding these salivary factors and caries. The aim of this study was to evaluate these factors and their associations with dental caries in individuals with CF. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from individuals aged 6-20 years at Seattle Children's Hospital CF Clinic, USA (n = 83). Salivary flow rate was measured in milliliters per minute. Salivary pH was assessed using a laboratory pH meter. Buffering capacity was assessed by titration with HCl. The outcome measure was caries prevalence, defined as the number of decayed, missing, or filled primary and permanent tooth surfaces. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and the t test were used to test for bivariate associations. Multiple variable linear regression models were used to (1) run confounder-adjusted analyses and (2) assess for potential interactions. There was no significant association between salivary flow rate or buffering capacity and caries prevalence. There was a significant negative association between salivary pH and caries prevalence, but this association was no longer significant after adjusting for age. There was no significant interaction between salivary flow rate and buffering capacity or between antibiotic use and the 3 salivary factors. Our results indicate that unstimulated salivary factors are not associated with dental caries prevalence in individuals with CF. Future studies should investigate other potential saliva-related caries risk factors in individuals with CF such as cariogenic bacteria levels, salivary host defense peptide levels, and medication use.

scholarly journals Oral and systemic factors in xerostomia

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Sueli Marques SOARES ◽  
Raquel Lopes CAVALCANTI ◽  
Luiz Felipe Fernandes GONÇALVES ◽  
Ionária Oliveira de ASSIS
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Salivary Ph ◽  
Oral Symptoms

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship among the following features: hyposalivation, systemic diseases and drug use, oral symptoms, dental condition, salivary flow and salivary pH, as well. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed with 50 participants diagnosed with xerostomia, randomly selected and distributed in two groups: 25 with hyposalivation and 25 without hyposalivation, paired in age and sex. Unstimulated Salivary Flow Rate (USFR), Decayed, Missing, Filled, Teeth (DMFT) index and salivary pH were determined. The Mann-Whitney test and chi-square test were applied, considering significant for p-values <0.05. Results: Among the participants with hyposalivation, 88% used drugs and 96% presented systemic disease. And among those without hyposalivation, 48% used drugs and 64% presented systemic disease. The ones with hyposalivation showed the highest levels of dysgeusia (60%) and burn mouth (36%). There were statistically significant differences for the medians of USFR (0.08ml/minute / 0.2ml/minute) (p = 0.000), pH (6/7) (p = 0.000) and DMFT (22/17) (p = 0.004) obtained from participants with hyposalivation and without hyposalivation, respectively. Only in the group with hyposalivation there was a statistically significant association of unstimulated salivary flow rate with age (p = 0.035), type of systemic disease (p = 0.049) and pH (p=0.032) and DMFT demonstrated an association with systemic diseases (p = 0.015). Conclusion: The research results have suggested that hyposalivation worsens dental status triggering oral symptoms, and that salivary flow is influenced by the type of systemic disease and age group.

scholarly journals Does Growth Stunting Correlate with Oral Health in Children?: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zayyana Jasmine Sadida ◽  
Ratna Indriyanti ◽  
Arlette Suzy Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
The Body ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Plaque Index ◽  
World Health

AbstractGrowth stunting is when children tend to be shorter than their peers through the World Health Organization child growth standard measurement. The condition may affect the development of the brain and other parts of the body, including the oral cavity, which manifests in oral hygiene and overall oral health. This systematic approach literature study aimed to evaluate the correlation between growth stunting and oral health in children. This study was conducted by using a literature review method with a systematic approach by searching for articles related to research topics on PubMed and Google Scholar. The search was adjusted to the inclusion category, which is research that discusses malnutrition and oral health published between 2010 and 2020—research conducted on boys and girls—from birth to 18 years. The exclusion categories used were articles that did not discuss growth stunting and oral health, and grey literature was excluded. The selection of articles was carried out by using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach and resulted in 10 selected articles with details as follows: the correlation between growth stunting and oral health in three articles. A high plaque index in growth stunting children was found in two articles, and a decrease in saliva composition in growth stunting children was also found in two articles. Four articles showed a relationship between growth stunting and salivary flow rate. Lastly, one article showed the relationship between growth stunting and the incidence of dental caries. Despite the limitation of the review, the correlation between growth stunting and overall oral health in children can be seen through the oral hygiene index as moderate to low, high plaque index, decreased salivary flow rate, salivary composition, and dental caries in children with growth stunting.

scholarly journals SALIVARY PROFILE AND XEROSTOMIA ON THE ELDERLY IN DEPOK, WEST JAVA, INDONESIA: ANALYSIS OF DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS AND SYSTEMIC DISEASE

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Lutfi Laili N ◽  
Febrina Rahmayanti ◽  
Afi Savitri Sarsito
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the profiles of saliva between sexes, age groups, types of systemic disease, medications, and xerostomia on an elderly population in Depok.Methods: The study was observational analytical with a cross-sectional study design. Sampling was through a consecutive sampling technique in subjects aged ≥60 years living in Depok. Subjects were examined for their saliva’s volume, stimulated and unstimulated salivary analysis, pH, and buffer capacity. Subjects answered fox questionnaires about xerostomia and questionnaires about systemic diseases and medications.Results: Gender had a significant difference in salivary flow rate but was not significant to pH or buffer capacity. There were no significant differences between types of salivary profile among age, systemic diseases, and medications. The correlation coefficient between xerostomia and stimulated flow rate was higher (0.426) than the unstimulated flow rate (0.303).Conclusion: The unstimulated and stimulated flow rates exhibited a significant difference between men and women but did not differ significantly between age groups, systemic diseases, or medications. The pH and buffer capacity was not significantly different between sexes, age groups, type of systemic diseases, or medications. Xerostomia was associated with salivary flow rate.

Selected salivary antioxidants and gingival health condition among a group of obese females aged 20-22 years in Baghdad, Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Dr. Huda A. Yaseen ◽  
Dr. Baydaa Hussein Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Plaque Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gingival Health ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Obesity and periodontal disease are diseases of multifactorial etiologyclosely related to dietary habits and sociodemographic background of theindividuals. The aim of this study was the assessment of selected salivaryantioxidants and gingival health condition among a group of obese females aged20-22 years in comparison with normal weight females.Materials and methods: The study group included 40 obese females, with an agerange 20-22 years old. The control group included 40 normal weight females ofthe same age. Body weight was assessed by using the Body Mass Index (BMI).Collection of unstimulated salivary samples was carried out under standardizedconditions. Plaque and gingival indices were used for recording the oral hygieneand gingivitis. Salivary flow rate was measured then salivary samples wereanalyzed to determine the concentration of salivary antioxidants (total protein anduric acid).Results: The data analysis of the present study found that the level of salivary totalprotein was lower among the obese females compared to the normal weightfemales with statistically highly significant difference (p<0.01), while salivaryuric acid was statistically highly significantly higher among the obese than thenormal weight females (p<0.01). Salivary analysis demonstrated that the salivaryflow rate was statistically highly significantly higher among the obese females(p<0.01).The mean values of plaque index and gingival index were lower among obesefemales compared to the normal weight females with statistically highlysignificant difference for plaque index (p<0.01).Conclusions: The result of this research revealed that salivary antioxidant (uric acid)and salivary flow rate were higher among obese females than normal weightfemales which may play a role in protection oral tissue from oral diseases inaddition to the oral cleanliness effect.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress status in hypertensive patients on amlodipine treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Bahaa N Madhloom ◽  
Ameena R Diajil
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Antihypertensive Agent ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Potential Marker

Background: Oxidative stress may contribute to the etiology of hypertension in humans. Oxidative stress is an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defense mechanisms, causing damage to biological macromolecules and dysregulation of normal metabolism and physiology. Amlodipine as an antihypertensive agent is a long-acting calcium channel blocker that dilates blood vessels and improves blood flow. The aim of this study was to assess the oxidative stress in hypertensive patients on Amlodipine treatment through the assessment of salivary Malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as a marker of oxidative stress. Material and method: 60 individuals were included in this study, divided into two groups; the first group composed of 30 hypertensive patients on Amlodipine antihypertensive agent. The second group, the control group, composed of 30 healthy subjects without any systemic disease and with almost healthy oral hygiene. Intraoral examination was done for each individual and salivary samples were collected with the salivary flow rate (F/R) which was calculated in ml per minute and pH was measured by pH meter. Salivary MDA and SOD were analyzed by using ELISA kit based on the principle of competitive enzyme immunoassay technique; the concentrations of markers were measured by spectrophotometer at 450nm in a microplate reader. Results: Salivary MDA was significantly higher in hypertensive patients compared to control, while salivary SOD was significantly lower in patients than control group. Salivary flow rate and pH was significantly lower in patients as compared to the control group. Conclusions: There is a relation between oxidative stress and hypertension. Salivary MDA and SOD can be used as potential marker for monitoring patients with Hypertension. Keywords: hypertension, Oxidative stress, Amlodipine, MDA and SOD

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document