scholarly journals Apis mellifera adansonii Is the Most Defensive Honeybee in Uganda

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Patrice Kasangaki ◽  
Gideon N. Nyamasyo ◽  
Paul N. Ndegwa ◽  
Christopher Angiro ◽  
Robert Kajobe
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Defensive Behaviour ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Apis Mellifera Adansonii ◽  
Important Trait ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Southern Highland ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Honeybee defensive behaviour is an important trait for selection of honeybees for breeding programs. We evaluated the variation in honeybee defensive behaviour with environmental factors and hive conditions. Factors such as the difference in the agro-ecological zones, colony strength, mean elevation, type of bee hive used, and the vegetation cover were considered. The number of honeybees attacking the researchers’ protective gear within one minute of disturbance was recorded per colony and analyzed. Apis m. adansonii was found to be the most defensive. Variations in the agro-ecological zones, colony strength, and mean elevation were found to significantly influence the defensive behaviour of the honeybees. Honeybee colonies in the Mid North AEZ were the most defensive. The type of bee hive and vegetation cover did not have any influence on the defensive behaviour. From this study, we suggest that selection of honeybees that are less defensive for breeding programs should consider A. m. scutellata and honeybee colonies from West Nile and Southern Highland AEZs at higher elevations.

scholarly journals On-farm management and participatory evaluation of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan [L.] Millspaugh) diversity across the agro-ecological zones of Benin Republic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Géofroy KINHOEGBE ◽  
Gustave Djèdatin ◽  
Laura Estelle Yêyinou Loko ◽  
Abraham Gnimansou Favi ◽  
Aristide Adomou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Participatory Evaluation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Production Constraints ◽  
Seed System ◽  
Sudanian Zone ◽  
Benin Republic ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Abstract Background: Pigeonpea is a multipurpose food legume that contributes to food security in Benin. However, its production declined and some landraces are being threatened with disappearance. For establishment of conservation and breeding programs previous ethnobotanical surveys on pigeonpea were done in Benin but restricted to south and central regions. Knowing that pigeonpea is also grown in northern Benin, and that the varieties cultivated in this region can show agronomic performances, it is therefore important to evaluate the diversity of this legume in this region. However, an exhaustive documentation of pigeonpea diversity grown in Benin Republic are necessary for effective breeding and conservation programs. Therefore, this study aimed to document genetic diversity of pigeonpea, across the agro-ecological zones of Benin Republic for its promotion and valorization. Methods: 500 producers of pigeonpea belonging to thirteen sociolinguistic groups were selected through 50 villages. Data were collected using methods and tools of participatory research appraisal. Folk nomenclatures, taxonomy of pigeonpea and seed system were investigated. The distribution and extent of pigeonpea landraces were evaluated using Four Square Analysis method. A comparative analysis of pigeonpea uses categories, production systems, pigeonpea production constraints, famers’ preference criteria and participative evaluation for existing landraces across agro-ecological zones was done. Result: Folk nomenclature and taxonomy were mainly based on seed coat colour and size. Seven pigeonpea use category were recorded including sacrifice, grain processing and fertilization. The results showed that pigeonpea seed system is informal. Based on seed characteristics, fifteen landraces were recorded with seven new landraces. The Sudano-Guinean zone contained the highest number (11) of landraces. The average number of landraces per village was 2.7. A high rate of landraces threatened with disappearance was observed across the ecological zones. Ten constraints are known affecting pigeonpea production in Benin with pests and diseases as the most important in all agro-ecological zones. This study revealed that pigeonpea cultivation is increasing in the Sudanian zone. Varieties to be produced must be selected on the basis of 11 criteria among them precocity and resistance to pests and diseases, in the three ecological zones and adaptability to any type of soil in the Sudanian zone were the most important. The participatory evaluation revealed the existence of a few performing cultivars. Conclusions: Our results show that to implement a pigeonpea genetic conservation program in Benin, it would be necessary to take into account the diversity, production constraints and criteria of varietal preference, which varied according to agro-ecological zones. In situ and ex situ conservation strategies are important to preserve pigeonpea landraces. Morphological and molecular characterizations of identified cultivars are highly recommended to help select suitable varieties for breeding programs.

scholarly journals Application of Multiple Criteria Decision Models for Oilseed Crops in Pakistan’s Punjab

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (4II) ◽  
pp. 515-532
Author(s):  
Muhammad Azeem Khan ◽  
Tahir Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Development Policy ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Alternative Crops ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Target Locations ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Pakistan is deficient in major food products. Self-sufficiency in food has virtually always been a major priority, because imports of wheat, edible oil, sugar, pulses and milk products put a massive burden on the balance of payments for the country. The increase in the production of oilseed has been a priority goal of the agricultural development policy in Pakistan. The oilseed crops have been validated as alternative crops on several target locations of different agro-ecological zones [PARC (1990)]; but the success of this validation work in terms of their dissemination is very limited. The possibility of including these crops in well established systems needed to be well conceived. The selection of farming systems, which have the potential to adopt such crops, is a prerequisite to investigate the problems and prospects of oilseed crops.

Impact of environmental conditions and seed physico-chemical characteristics on the resistance of cowpea genotypes to Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) infestation

2018 ◽  
Vol 109 (05) ◽  
pp. 595-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kosini ◽  
E.N. Nukenine ◽  
C. Saidou ◽  
J.-B.T. Noubissié ◽  
S. Dolinassou
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Subsistence Farming ◽  
Insect Infestation ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

AbstractThere is a need to improve research and extension documentation to assist farmers in making better use of the available resistant cowpea genotypes to insects attack during storage. A study was conducted to determine the resistance of ten cowpea genotypes [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] to Callosobruchus maculatus F. attack in the Sudano-Guinean and Sudano-Sahelian agro-ecological zones (SS) of Cameroon. Thereafter, seeds were analyzed for physical properties and chemical composition to determine the main parameters of their resistance against C. maculatus. The SS was more suitable for insect infestation. Genotypes were classified into resistant to highly susceptible. Results showed that the physical characteristics of seeds were less important than the chemical components for conferring resistance to C. maculatus. Two genotypes, Samira and Lade, consistently demonstrated high tolerance to infestation by C. maculatus, and therefore may be recommended for use in breeding programs as a source of resistance and then to minimize the dependence on insecticides for the control of insect pests under subsistence farming conditions in Cameroon.

scholarly journals Performance of Soybean Genotypes under Rhizobia Inoculation across Three Agro Ecologies of Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Tolorunse KD ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Productivity Level ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

There is need to improve soybean yield potentials per unit area in the tropics, at least to the world average productivity level. To achieve this, attention has to be paid to the selection of high yielding and stable genotypes through plant breeding improvement programmers. Twenty four soybean lines were investigated across three agro ecological zones in Nigeria to determine their productivity. In each of the sites, the experiments were laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. Data were collected on growth and yield parameters.

scholarly journals Ecological genomics of Chinese wheat improvement: implications in breeding for adaptation

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Guo ◽  
Chang Li ◽  
Junjie Zhao ◽  
Jiahui Guo ◽  
Weiping Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance Gene ◽  
Ecological Genomics ◽  
Strong Response ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Kasp Markers ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Abstract Background China has diverse wheat varieties that adapt to very different environments divided into ten agro-ecological zones. A better understanding of genomic differences and patterns of selection among agro-ecological zones could provide useful information in selection of specific adaptive traits in breeding. Results We genotyped 438 wheat accessions from ten zones with kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) markers specific to 47 cloned genes for grain yield, quality, adaptation and stress resistance. Phylogenetic trees and principle component analysis revealed clear differences in winter and spring growth habits. Nucleotide diversity (π) and π ratio (πCL/πMCC) suggested that genetic diversity had increased during breeding, and that Chinese landraces (CL) from Zones I-V contributed little to modern Chinese cultivars (MCC). π ratio and Fst identified 24 KASP markers with 53 strong selection signals specific to Zones I (9 signals), II (12), III (5), IV (5), V (6), and VI (6). Genes with clear genetic differentiation and strong response to selection in at least three zones were leaf rust resistance gene Lr34 (I, II, III and IV), photoperiod sensitivity gene Ppd-D1 (I, II, III, IV and V), vernalization gene Vrn-B1 (V, VII, VIII and X), quality-related gene Glu-B1 (I, II and III) and yield-related genes Sus1-7B (I, II, III, IV and IX), Sus2-2A (I, II, III., IV and VI) and GW2-6B (II, V and VI). Conclusions This study examined selection of multiple genes in each zone, traced the distribution of important genetic variations and provided useful information for ecological genomics and enlightening future breeding goals for different agro-ecological zones.

scholarly journals On-farm management and participatory evaluation of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan [L.] Millspaugh) diversity across the agro-ecological zones of the Republic of Benin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Géofroy KINHOEGBE ◽  
Gustave Djèdatin ◽  
Laura Estelle Yêyinou Loko ◽  
Abraham Gnimansou Favi ◽  
Aristide Adomou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Participatory Evaluation ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Production Constraints ◽  
Seed System ◽  
Republic Of Benin ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Sudanian Zone ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Abstract Background: Pigeonpea is a multipurpose food legume that contributes to food security in Benin. However, its production declined and some landraces are being threatened to disappear. For establishment of conservation and breeding programs previous ethnobotanical surveys on pigeonpea were done in Benin but restricted to south and central regions. Knowing that in past years, pigeonpea landraces were introduced in northern Benin for soil fertility management, it is therefore important to evaluate the diversity of this legume in this region. Exhaustive documentation of pigeonpea diversity grown in the Republic of Benin is necessary for effective breeding and conservation programs. Therefore, this study aimed to document genetic diversity of pigeonpea, across the agro-ecological zones of the Republic of Benin for its promotion and valorization.Methods: 500 producers of pigeonpea belonging to thirteen sociolinguistic groups were selected through 50 villages. Data were collected using methods and tools of participatory research appraisal. Folk nomenclatures, taxonomy of pigeonpea and seed system were investigated. The distribution and extent of pigeonpea landraces were evaluated using the Four Square Analysis method. A comparative analysis of pigeonpea uses categories, production systems, pigeonpea production constraints, famers’ preference criteria and participative evaluation for existing landraces across agro-ecological zones was done.Result: Folk nomenclature and taxonomy were mainly based on seed coat colour and size. Seven pigeonpea use categories were recorded including sacrifice, grain processing and fertilization. The results showed that the pigeonpea seed system is informal. Based on seed characteristics, fifteen landraces were recorded with seven new landraces. The Sudano-Guinean zone contained the highest number (11) of landraces. The average number of landraces per village was 2.7. A high rate of landraces threatened to disappear was observed across the ecological zones. Ten constraints are known affecting pigeonpea production in Benin with pests and diseases as the most important in all agro-ecological zones. This study revealed that pigeonpea cultivation is increasing in the Sudanian zone. Varieties to be produced must be selected on the basis of 11 criteria among them precocity and resistance to pests and diseases, in the three ecological zones and adaptability to any type of soil in the Sudanian zone were the most important. The participatory evaluation revealed the existence of a few performing cultivars.Conclusions: Our results showed that to implement a pigeonpea genetic conservation program in Benin, it would be necessary to take into account the diversity, production constraints and criteria of varietal preference, which varied according to agro-ecological zones. In situ and ex situ conservation strategies are important to preserve pigeonpea landraces. Morphological and molecular characterizations of identified cultivars are highly recommended to help select suitable varieties for breeding programs.

scholarly journals Molecular Assisted Selection for Pollination-Constant and Non-Astringent Type without Male Flowers in Spanish Germplasm for Persimmon Breeding

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Blasco ◽  
Francisco Gil-Muñoz ◽  
María del Mar Naval ◽  
María Luisa Badenes
Keyword(s):  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Diospyros Kaki ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Phenotype Data ◽  
Unisexual Flowers ◽  
Important Trait ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Molecular Assisted Selection ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Selection Of

Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb) species is a hexaploid genotype that has a morphologically polygamous gyonodioecious sexual system. D. kaki bears unisexual flowers. The presence of male flowers resulted in the presence of seeds in the varieties. The fruits of persimmon are classified according to their astringency and the pollination events that produced seeds and modify the levels of astringency in the fruit. The presence of seeds in astringent varieties as pollination variant astringent (PVA), pollination variant non-astringent (PVNA) and pollination constant astringent (PCA) resulted in fruits not marketable. Molecular markers that allow selection of the varieties according to the type of flowers at the plantlet stage would allow selection of seedless varieties. In this study, a marker developed in D. lotus by bulk segregant analysis (BSA) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, named DlSx-AF4, has been validated in a germplasm collection of persimmon, results obtained agree with the phenotype data. A second important trait in persimmon is the presence of astringency in ripened fruits. Fruits non-astringent at the ripen stage named pollination constant non-astringent (PCNA) are the objective of many breeding programs as they do not need removal of the astringency by a postharvest treatment. Astringency in the hexaploid persimmon is a dominant trait. The presence of at least one astringent allele confers astringency to the fruit. In this paper we checked the marker developed linked to the AST gene. Our goal has been to validate both markers in germplasm from different origins and to test the usefulness in a breeding program.

scholarly journals On-farm management and participatory evaluation of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan [L.] Millspaugh) diversity across the agro-ecological zones of the Republic of Benin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Géofroy KINHOEGBE ◽  
Gustave Djèdatin ◽  
Laura Estelle Yêyinou Loko ◽  
Abraham Gnimansou Favi ◽  
Aristide Adomou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Participatory Evaluation ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Production Constraints ◽  
Seed System ◽  
Republic Of Benin ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Sudanian Zone ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Abstract Background: Pigeonpea is a multipurpose food legume crop that contributes to food security in the Republic of Benin. For the establishment of conservation and breeding programs, previous ethnobotanical surveys on pigeonpea were done in Benin but restricted to south and central regions. In previous years, pigeonpea landraces were introduced in northern Benin for soil fertility management; it is therefore important to evaluate the diversity in this legume in this region. Exhaustive documentation of pigeonpea diversity grown in the Republic of Benin will be necessary for effective breeding and conservation programs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to document genetic diversity of pigeonpea, across the agro-ecological zones of the Republic of Benin for its promotion and valorization.Methods: A total of 500 pigeonpea farmers representing thirteen sociolinguistic groups were selected from 50 villages. The data were collected using methods and tools of participatory research appraisal. Folk nomenclatures, taxonomy of pigeonpea and seed system were investigated. The distribution and extent of pigeonpea landraces were evaluated using the Four Square Analysis method. A comparative analysis of pigeonpea use categories production systems, production constraints, famers’ preference criteria and participative evaluation for existing landraces across agro-ecological zones was done.Result: Folk nomenclature and taxonomy were mainly based on seed coat colour and size. Seven pigeonpea use categories were recorded including sacrifice, grain processing and fertilization. The results showed that the pigeonpea seed system is informal. Based on seed characteristics, fifteen landraces were recorded including seven new landraces. The Sudano-Guinean zone contained the highest number (11) of landraces. The average number of landraces per village was 2.7. A high rate of landraces facing threat of disappearance was observed across the ecological zones. Ten constraints are known to affect pigeonpea production in Benin, with pests and diseases as the most critical in all agro-ecological zones. This study revealed that pigeonpea cultivation is increasing in the Sudanian zone. Varieties to be produced must be selected based on 11 criteria which included precocity and resistance to pests and diseases in the three ecological zones and adaptability to any type of soil in the Sudanian zone. The participatory evaluation revealed the existence of a few performing cultivars.Conclusions: Our results revealed that implementation of a pigeonpea genetic conservation program in Benin must take into account the diversity, production constraints and varietal preference, which varied according to agro-ecological zones. In situ and ex situ conservation strategies are important to preserve pigeonpea landraces. Morphological and molecular characterizations of identified cultivars are highly recommended to help select suitable varieties for breeding programs.

COMBINATORIAL POLYNOMIALLY COMPUTABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBSTITUTIONS AND THEIR PROPERTIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR NIKONOV ◽  
◽  
ANTON ZOBOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Expectation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Computational Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bijective Function ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Element Base ◽  
Selection Of

The construction and selection of a suitable bijective function, that is, substitution, is now becoming an important applied task, particularly for building block encryption systems. Many articles have suggested using different approaches to determining the quality of substitution, but most of them are highly computationally complex. The solution of this problem will significantly expand the range of methods for constructing and analyzing scheme in information protection systems. The purpose of research is to find easily measurable characteristics of substitutions, allowing to evaluate their quality, and also measures of the proximity of a particular substitutions to a random one, or its distance from it. For this purpose, several characteristics were proposed in this work: difference and polynomial, and their mathematical expectation was found, as well as variance for the difference characteristic. This allows us to make a conclusion about its quality by comparing the result of calculating the characteristic for a particular substitution with the calculated mathematical expectation. From a computational point of view, the thesises of the article are of exceptional interest due to the simplicity of the algorithm for quantifying the quality of bijective function substitutions. By its nature, the operation of calculating the difference characteristic carries out a simple summation of integer terms in a fixed and small range. Such an operation, both in the modern and in the prospective element base, is embedded in the logic of a wide range of functional elements, especially when implementing computational actions in the optical range, or on other carriers related to the field of nanotechnology.

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