COMBINATORIAL POLYNOMIALLY COMPUTABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBSTITUTIONS AND THEIR PROPERTIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR NIKONOV ◽  
◽  
ANTON ZOBOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Expectation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Computational Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bijective Function ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Element Base ◽  
Selection Of

The construction and selection of a suitable bijective function, that is, substitution, is now becoming an important applied task, particularly for building block encryption systems. Many articles have suggested using different approaches to determining the quality of substitution, but most of them are highly computationally complex. The solution of this problem will significantly expand the range of methods for constructing and analyzing scheme in information protection systems. The purpose of research is to find easily measurable characteristics of substitutions, allowing to evaluate their quality, and also measures of the proximity of a particular substitutions to a random one, or its distance from it. For this purpose, several characteristics were proposed in this work: difference and polynomial, and their mathematical expectation was found, as well as variance for the difference characteristic. This allows us to make a conclusion about its quality by comparing the result of calculating the characteristic for a particular substitution with the calculated mathematical expectation. From a computational point of view, the thesises of the article are of exceptional interest due to the simplicity of the algorithm for quantifying the quality of bijective function substitutions. By its nature, the operation of calculating the difference characteristic carries out a simple summation of integer terms in a fixed and small range. Such an operation, both in the modern and in the prospective element base, is embedded in the logic of a wide range of functional elements, especially when implementing computational actions in the optical range, or on other carriers related to the field of nanotechnology.

Poetry?

2021 ◽  
pp. 364-380
Author(s):  
Floris Bernard ◽  
Kristoffel Demoen
Keyword(s):  
Social Contexts ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Wide Sense ◽  
Spiritual Dimension ◽  
The Social ◽  
Moral Point ◽  
Moral Point Of View ◽  
The Difference

This chapter gives an overview of how Byzantines conceptualized “poetry.” It argues that from the Byzantine point of view, poetry only differs from prose in a very formal way, namely that it is written in verse. Both prose and poetry belonged to the category of logoi, the only label that was very frequently used, in contrast to the term “poetry,” which was reserved for the ancient poetry studied at schools. Many authors considered (and exploited) the difference between their own prose texts and poems as a primarily formal one. Nevertheless, poetry did have some functions that set it apart from prose, even if these features are for us less expected. The quality of “bound speech” gained a spiritual dimension, since verse was seen as a restrained form of discourse, also from a moral point of view. Finally, the chapter gives a brief overview of the social contexts for which (learned) poetry was the medium of choice: as an inscription, as paratext in a wide sense, as a piece of personal introspection, as invective, as summaries (often of a didactic nature), and as highly public ceremonial pieces.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Satellite Imagesusing Image Sharpening Technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S2) ◽  
pp. 351-354
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Histogram Equalization ◽  
Grayscale Image ◽  
Original Image ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Equalization Technique ◽  
The Difference

In many image processing applications, a wide range of image enhancement techniques are being proposed. Many of these techniques demanda lot of critical and advance steps, but the resultingimage perception is not satisfactory. This paper proposes a novel sharpening method which is being experimented with additional steps. In the first step, the color image is transformed into grayscale image, then edge detection process is applied using Laplacian technique. Then deduct this image from the original image. The resulting image is as expected; After performing the enhancement process,the high quality of the image can be indicated using the Tenengrad criterion. The resulting image manifested the difference in certain areas, the dimension and the depth as well. Histogram equalization technique can also be applied to change the images color.

scholarly journals SYSTEM OF METHODICAL APPROACHES AND METHODS OF COMPLEX MARKETING RESEARCHES IN FOOD ENTERPRISES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilhama Isgandarova
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Quality Coefficient ◽  
Average Monthly Income ◽  
The Difference

The methodology for assessing the quality of public service at catering firms should be based on a comparison of consumer expectations and perceptions in relation to the service process, that is, the quality coefficient is determined as the difference between perception and expectations. In this case, the quality factor can be determined both by the indicator of interest and by the enterprise as a whole. Consequently, the criteria for assessing the quality of public service at catering establishments must be formed taking into account its type and class. To obtain primary information from consumers, it is necessary to organize and conduct a sociological study. When choosing a method of sociological research, it is advisable to give preference to interviews, since this is a rather flexible method of collecting information, based on direct contact between the interviewer and the respondent. The main advantage of the interview, in comparison with the questionnaire, is the ability to control the perception and understanding of the questions by the respondent; if necessary, the interviewer can explain the questions asked, and also clarify the respondent's point of view with the help of additional questions.When conducting a sociological research by the interview method, the requirements for the formation of a questionnaire are significantly reduced. The list of questions asked to respondents should be expanded with personal questions, the purpose of which is to reflect: age, social status, average monthly income. These questions are necessary to represent the target group of consumers of public catering services.

scholarly journals 2.2. FORMATION OF AN INFORMATION AND ANALYTICAL ACCOUNTING SYSTEM FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF ACCOUNTING REPORTING QUALITY

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Е.Х. Абу
Keyword(s):  
Accounting Information ◽  
Reporting Quality ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
System Quality ◽  
Accounting Information Systems ◽  
Information Product ◽  
Selection Of

В статье определены подходы к выделению учетных объектов в системе качества информационного продукта; выделены основные преимущества использования информационных технологий в информационных системах бухгалтерского; определены направления формирования бухгалтерской информационно-аналитической учетной системы с позиции качества бухгалтерской отчетности. На практике активно применяется концепция реинжиниринга бизнес-процессов, которая позволяет значительно улучшить результативность и отдачу системы бухгалтерского учета. Кардинальная перестройка системы бухгалтерского учета позволяет формировать информацию, на основе которой образуются положительные эффекты в производственном управлении. Область охвата положительных эффектов зависит от радикальности, стоимости и качества выполненных преобразований учетной системы через пользование реинжиниринговыми услугами. Исследования показывают, что одной из важнейших черт описанного подхода к системе бухгалтерского учета является выражение цели функционирования учетной системы через получение конкретного учетного информационного продукта. In the article the approaches to the selection of account objects in the system quality of an information product; the main benefits of using information technology in accounting information systems; determined the directions of formation of accounting information and analytical accounting system in terms of quality of financial statements.

scholarly journals Perspectives pour la linguistique : de la linguistique descriptive à la linguistique explicative

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Wiesław Banyś
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Primitive Elements ◽  
Aim Of Science ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Main Components ◽  
General Linguistic ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The text deals with one of the challenges of linguistics, which is to effectively combine description and explanation in linguistics.It is necessary that linguistic theories are not only capable of adequately describing their object of study within their framework, but they must also have a suitable explanatory power.Linguistics centred around the explanation of the why of the system is called here ‘explanatory’ or ‘non-autonomous’, in contrast to ‘descriptive’ or ‘autonomous’ linguistics, which is focused on the description of the system, the distinction being based on the difference in the objects of study, the goals and the descriptive and explanatory possibilities of the theories.From the point of view presented here, a comprehensive study of language has three main components: a general theory of what language is, a resulting theory and description, which is a function of this theory, of how language is organised, functions and has evolved in the human brain, and an explanation of the properties of language found.The explanatory value of a general linguistic theory is a function of various elements, among others, the quantity of the primitive elements of the theory adopted and the effectiveness of Ockham’s razor principle of simplicity. It is also a function of the quality of those elements which can be drawn not only from within the system, but also from outside the system becoming in this situation logically prior to the object under study.In science, in linguistics, one naturally needs two types of approach, two types of linguistics, descriptive/autonomous and explanatory/non-autonomous, one must first describe reality in order to explain it. But it is also certain that since the aim of science is to explain in order to reach that higher level of scientificity above pure description, it is necessary that this aim be realized in different linguistic theories within different research programs, uniting descriptivist and explanatory approaches.

Immunochemical Studies Of The Reaction Of Human Desarginyl-Fibrinopeptide B (Desarg-Fpb) With Anti-Fpb Sera

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
V P Butler ◽  
D Tse-Eng ◽  
H L Nossel
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Carboxypeptidase B ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Protein Conjugates ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Selection Of

Fibrin II formation may be essential in thrombosis. Measurement of free FPB is the only direct index of fibrin II formation but is complicated by the fact that carboxypeptidase B rapidly cleaves the COOH-terminal arginine from FPB in human plasma. To facilitate the assay of Desarg-FPB as an index of in vivo FPB release, the immuno-chemical reactivity of Desarg-FPB with anti-FPB sera has been studied. As previously reported, Desarg-FPB was considerably less effective (0.7-17%) than FPB in inhibiting the binding of an 125I-FPB analog by five of six rabbit antisera studied in detail. Surprisingly, Desarg-FPB was 4 to 27 times.more effective than FPB in inhibiting the binding of an 125I-Desarg-FPB analog by the six anti-FPB sera. For example, in the case of antiserum R-28, FPB was 145 times more effective than Desarg-FPB in inhibiting the binding of the 125I-FPB analog but Desarg-FPB was 27 times more effective than FPB in inhibiting the binding of the 125I-Desarg-FPB analog. These findings indicate that the FPB and Desarg-FPB analogs are bound by different antibody populations. We suggest that carboxypeptidase B converts some molecules of FPB-protein conjugates to Desarg-FPB derivatives during the immunization of rabbits. From a practical point of view, the difference in reactivity of the different antisera has enabled the rational selection of anti-FPB sera for use in the assay of Desarg-FPB and its distinction from FPB. With the use of an appropriate antiserum, Desarg-FPB levels have been measured in clinical blood samples and the sensitivity is such that distinction can be made between levels in normal individuals and in disease states.

Nature Conservation in Rangelands: Lessons From Research on Reserve Selection in New South Wales.

1992 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 214 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Pressey
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Planning ◽  
New South ◽  
Full Range ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Reserve Selection ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Land Systems ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Selection Of

Information on the features to be protected in a system of conservation reserves is an obvious requirement. The quality of the data base will primarily determine the effectiveness of conservation planning in protecting the full range of natural features in a region. However, the way in which data are used to make decisions on the locations of protected areas is also critical. Rigorous procedures for reserve selection can make the difference between achieving reservation goals or not. Research on reserve selection in New South Wales over recent years has concerned both data bases and procedures for guiding decisions. Reserve planning in many regions is based largely on some form of land classification like vegetation types or land systems. There are good reasons for using such land classes to guide the selection of reserves and to judge their representativeness. Nevertheless, they can have considerable limitations as a basis for protecting all the species in a region. These limitations are reviewed with references to more detailed discussions of particular issues. The paper also reviews a variety of procedures for selecting reserves which have been tested and applied in New South Wales. Some of the recent procedures are conceptually simple but very useful in identifying the requirements of reservation goals and demonstrating the options available to planners for representing particular features. Three principles are proposed which should underpin any attempt at systematic conservation planning.

scholarly journals Technical parameters of high speed lines as the determinant for selection of rolling stock

2018 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 06007
Author(s):  
Jan Raczyński
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Rail Vehicle ◽  
Railway Infrastructure ◽  
The One ◽  
Selection Of

Choosing a high-speed rail vehicle depends on many factors. On the one hand, there are requirements for ensuring the quality of service for passengers, on the other hand, there are constraints resulting from the parameters of available infrastructure. Also a relation of the benefit and financial costs associated with the purchase and the operation of rolling stock is essential. Technical characteristics of vehicles selected for operating a particular system is a compromise between the three groups of requirements. In this article technical parameters of railway infrastructure and rolling stock are classified and then analysed from the TSI requirements point of view.

CURRENT BEST PRACTICES AND BIOBANKING RECOMMENDATIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 769-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. V. Doludin ◽  
A. L. Borisova ◽  
M. S. Pokrovskaya ◽  
O. V. Stefanyuk ◽  
O. V. Sivakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Preanalytical Phase ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Quality Of Research ◽  
Selection Of

The biobank is a structure established with the goal of long-term responsible storage of biological samples and the associated data for their further use in scientific and clinical research. The objectives of biobanking are the creation of unified recommendations on: the planning of premises and the selection of equipment for storage; development of management methods and staff training; standardization of methods for the collection, shipping, processing and storage of biomaterial of various origins, as well as methods for quality control and validation of the applied methods; creation and use of databases of information accompanying biospecimens. The lack of common standards for conducting the preanalytical phase has been the cause of low accuracy and poor reproducibility of research results. To date, a large number of guidelines and best practices have been published that provide an answer to a wide range of problems in organizing the biobanking process. The article provides an overview of the most famous biobanking guidelines that can be used to solve various research problems. Biobanking in Russia is actively developing. Since 1996 there is a work on the legislative regulation of biobanking activities, as a result of which a number of regulatory documents have been issued. An important stage in the development of biobanking in Russia was the establishment of the “National Association of Biobanks and Biobanking Specialists” (NASBio) in 2018, which included representatives of medical and research institutions, commercial firms, and qualified specialists in the field of biobanking. One of the key tasks of NASBio is the adaptation and implementation of the best biobanking practices in Russian research institutes and centers. The use of modern guidelines and best practices on biobanking will lead to an increase in the quality of research and publications.

scholarly journals Developing an accuracy-prompt toolkit to reduce COVID-19 misinformation online

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziv Epstein ◽  
adam berinsky ◽  
Rocky Cole ◽  
Andrew Gully ◽  
Gordon Pennycook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
User Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Difference ◽  
False News ◽  
Demographic Subgroups ◽  
Large Survey ◽  
College Educated

Recent research suggests that shifting users’ attention to accuracy increases the quality of news they subsequently share online. Here we help develop this initial observation into a suite of deployable interventions for practitioners. We ask (i) how prior results generalize to other approaches for prompting users to consider accuracy, and (ii) for whom these prompts are more versus less effective. In a large survey experiment examining participants’ intentions to share true and false headlines about COVID-19, we identify a variety of different accuracy prompts that successfully increase sharing discernment across a wide range of demographic subgroups while maintaining user autonomy. Research questions•There is mounting evidence that inattention to accuracy plays an important role in the spread of misinformation online. Here we examine the utility of a suite of different accuracy prompts aimed at increasing the quality of news shared by social media users.•Which approaches to shifting attention towards accuracy are most effective? •Does the effectiveness of the accuracy prompts vary based on social media user characteristics? Assessing effectiveness across subgroups is practically important for examining the generalizability of the treatments, and is theoretically important for exploring the underlying mechanism.Essay summary•Using survey experiments with N=9,070 American social media users (quota-matched to the national distribution on age, gender, ethnicity, and geographic region), we compared the effect of different treatments designed to induce people to think about accuracy when deciding what news to share. Participants received one of the treatments (or were assigned to a control condition), and then indicated how likely they would be to share a series of true and false news posts about COVID-19. •We identified three lightweight, easily-implementable approaches that each increased sharing discernment (the quality of news shared, measured as the difference in sharing probability of true versus false headlines) by roughly 50%, and a slightly more lengthy approach that increased sharing discernment by close to 100%. We also found that another approach that seemed promising ex ante (descriptive norms) was ineffective. Further-more, gender, race, partisanship, and concern about COVID-19 did not moderate effectiveness, suggesting that the accuracy prompts will be effective for a wide range of demographic subgroups. Finally, helping to illuminate the mechanism behind the effect, the prompts were more effective for participants who were more attentive, reflective, engaged with COVID-related news, concerned about accuracy, college-educated, and middle-aged. •From a practical perspective, our results suggest a menu of accuracy prompts that are effective in our experimental setting and that technology companies could consider testing on their own services.

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