scholarly journals More than Just Story Telling: A Review of Biodiversity Conservation and Utilisation from Precolonial to Postcolonial Zimbabwe

Scientifica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanyaradzwa Chigonda
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
Resource Ownership

Access to natural resources has changed over the years in Zimbabwe. At least three broad periods of biodiversity conservation, utilisation, and access can be identified in the country, namely, the precolonial, colonial, and postindependence periods. This paper reviews the relationships between human livelihoods and biodiversity conservation in the rural areas of Zimbabwe during these periods and is informed by an extensive review of the relevant literature. A combination of historical narrative, thematic, and content analysis was used in analysing the various documents into meaningful information addressing the objective of the study. Traditional societies in precolonial Zimbabwe had access to abundant natural resources. However, access to these resources was not uncontrolled, but was limited by traditional beliefs, taboos, and customs enforced through community leadership structures. The advent of colonialism in the late 19th century dispossessed indigenous African communities of natural resources through command-type conservation legislation. At independence in 1980, the new majority government sought to redress the natural resource ownership imbalances created during colonialism, culminating in some significant measure of devolution in natural resource management to local communities in the late 1980s, though such devolution has been criticised for being incomplete. An accelerated land reform exercise since the year 2000 has adversely affected biodiversity conservation activities in the country, including the conservation-related livelihood benefits derived from protected areas. The review paper highlights the need for a more complete devolution of natural resource ownership and management down to the grassroots levels in the communal areas, if social and ecological sustainability is to be fully realised in these areas. On the other hand, the disruption of conservation activities in the country due to the ill-planned accelerated land reform exercise that has demarcated land for arable farming in some of the protected areas should be held in check as a matter of urgency.

scholarly journals Metodyka waloryzacji przyrodniczej. Część II: Zastosowania w praktyce ocen oddziaływania przedsięwzięć na środowisko

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 75-96
Author(s):  
Piotr Matyjasiak
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Proper Time ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Ecological Connectivity ◽  
Resource Service

The aim of this paper is (i) to review the method of valorization of natural resources as applied in the environmental impact assessment, and (ii) to develop recommendations on how valorization expertise should be prepared in order to be comprehensive and transparent. Valorization is the proper time to carry out identi>cation of the possible negative environmental impacts and damages of a planned project. It is recommended to perform valorization due to the state (numbers) and functions (quality) of natural resources. This approach is related to the concept of environmental damage, which is defined as a measurable adverse change in a natural resource or measurable impairment of a natural resource service (which means the functions performed by a natural resource for the benefit of another natural resource or the public). Valorization of natural resources should include an assessment of potential environmental damage, including an impact on the local biodiversity, the ecological connectivity, the N2000 network, and the legally protected areas. The valorization of natural resources should be performed at the following thematic levels focusing on the role of the area under consideration due to: (1) the implementation of the objectives of protection of Nature 2000 network and its overall coherence, (2) the implementation of the objectives of protection of legally protected areas other than N2000, (3) the maintenance of the ecological connectivity in a context other than the coherence of Nature 2000 network, (4) the maintenance of species and natural habitats with favorable conservation status, (5) the conservation of species and natural habitat types that are not legally protected.

scholarly journals Landscape use of protected areas in the Hódmezővásárhely micro-region

2009 ◽  
pp. 179-193
Author(s):  
Krisztián Kis
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Landscape Management ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Territorial Unit ◽  
The Social ◽  
Landscape Use ◽  
The One

One of the biggest questions of developing rural areas is that people and organisations living and making their activity there how and in what measure utilize the local or obtainable externalresources. The concept of the landscape expresses the direct connection of the natural resources with the socio-economic processes. This is a two-way connection, (1) on the one hand the single landscapes provide the unique combination of natural conditions for the socio-economic utilisation which is different from other landscapes, (2) on the other hand as the result of the interaction of natural spheres together with the social and economic spheres the landscapes change in a different manner and in a different measure. The landscape as a territorial unit and as a resource is inseparable from the natural resources, and the natureconservation plays an increasingly important role in the use of the landscape and landscape management, which is an essential task not only in protected areas, but everywhere. The natural resources, the landscape, the nature conservation and the landscape use are related tightly, in which the so-called ecological/biological resources and their sustainable use have asignificant role. 

scholarly journals Geoheritage and Geotourism Resources

Resources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Nicoletta Santangelo ◽  
Ettore Valente
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Environmental Education ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Geological History ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Geological Sciences

This Special Issue wants to outline the role of Geoheritage and Geotourism as potential touristic resources of a region. The term “Geoheritage” refers to a peculiar type of natural resources represented by sites of special geological significance, rarity or beauty that are representative of a region and of its geological history, events and processes. These sites are also known as “geosites” and, as well as archaeological, architectonic and historical ones, they can be considered as part of the cultural estate of a country. “Geotourism” is an emerging type of sustainable tourism, which concentrates on geosites, furnishing to visitors knowledge, environmental education and amusement. In this meaning, Geotourism may be very useful for geological Sciences divulgation and may furnish additional opportunities for the development of rural areas, generally not included among the main touristic attractions. The collected papers focused on these main topics with different methods and approaches and can be grouped as follows: (i) papers dealing with geosites promotion and valorisation in protected areas; (ii) papers dealing with geosites promotion and valorisation in non-protected areas; (iii) papers dealing with geosites promotion by exhibition, remote sensing analysis and apps; (iv) papers investigating geotourism and geoheritage from the tourists’ perspective.

scholarly journals Exploring Park–People Conflicts in Colombia through a Social Lens

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kobe De Pourcq ◽  
Evert Thomas ◽  
Marlene Elias ◽  
Patrick Van Damme
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Conflict Prevention ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Productive Activities ◽  
Nation States

SummaryNatural resource-related conflicts between local communities and nation states can be extremely destructive. Worldwide, interest is growing in gaining a better understanding of why and how these conflicts originate, particularly in protected areas inhabited by local communities. The literature on local attitudes towards and perceptions of park conservation and park–people conflicts is quite extensive. Studies have examined the socioeconomic and geographical determinants of attitudes to protected areas. However, the role of such determinants in the experience of park–people conflicts has received considerably less attention. Drawing on 601 interviews with people living in or near 15 Colombian national protected areas (NPAs), we examine the socioeconomic and geographical variables that are most influential in people’s experience of conflict related to restricted access to natural resources. We find that the experience of this type of conflict is largely explained by the NPA where a person resides, pursuit of productive activities within the NPA, previous employment in NPA administration, gender and ethnicity. We recommend implementing socially inclusive conservation strategies for conflict prevention and resolution in Colombia’s NPAs, whereby both women and men from different ethnic groups are engaged in design and implementation.

scholarly journals Natural Resource Potential of Industrial Development of The Tashkent Economic District

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Mamatkodir I. Nazarov ◽  
Bekzod B. Rakhmanov ◽  
Sergey L. Yanchuk ◽  
Shuxrat B. Kurbanov ◽  
Saida K. Tashtayeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Sectoral Structure

The key factors in the production development and location, including industrial production, in any region, are the territorial structure of natural resources and the level of production infrastructure development. At present, the industry is one of the leading sectors of the developed countries' economy. Therefore, the Government of Uzbekistan, from the first days of state independence, prioritises the industry development, its modernisation and diversification when reforming the national economy. Due to this, over the past ten years, the industrial production share in the country's GDP has grown significantly and amounts to almost 1/3 of it. However, the participation of regions in gross industrial output is very uneven, and a number of them, in the presence of high natural resource potential, still retain agricultural specialisation. The paper presents an economic and geographical analysis of natural resources as a factor of industrial development in the Tashkent economic district. The general characteristic of mineral and raw material balance of the Tashkent region in the context of administrative districts (rural areas) is given. The paper describes the current development state of the territorial and sectoral structure of the Tashkent region and Tashkent city. The study analyses reserves and the involvement level of mineral resources in the context of administrative districts. The authors of this paper considered the issues and prospects of territorial and sectoral structure establishment and development in Tashkent economic district industry.

scholarly journals WOMEN AND THEIR ROLE IN NATURAL RESOURCES: A STUDY IN WESTERN HIMALAYAS

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 128-138
Author(s):  
Kiran Singh
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Western Himalayas ◽  
Natural Resource Conservation ◽  
Conservation Of Natural Resources ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Cultural Roles ◽  
And Training

Women roles in Himalayas put women in direct contact with natural resources such as forests, water, land and wildlife. They utilize and conserve these resources to supply basic needs for their families. Therefore conservation of natural resources in rural areas cannot be done without the involvement and training of women. They need to be educated on the values, management and sustainability of natural resources as alternative sources of livelihood. But to have success, they must only be appreciated as invisible land managers, but must benefit from relevant incentives in their cultural roles. This paper examines the roles of women in natural resource conservation, since their traditional activities bring them into daily interaction with natural resources, their impacts, attitudes and belief on the management, exploitation and sustainability of natural resource is critical for resource use and sustainability.

Mining code changes undermine biodiversity conservation in Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
SARA VILLÉN-PÉREZ ◽  
POLIANA MENDES ◽  
CAROLINE NÓBREGA ◽  
LARA GOMES CÓRTES ◽  
PAULO DE MARCO
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Code Changes ◽  
Mining Projects ◽  
New Policies ◽  
Near Future

Protected areas (PAs) are vital for the conservation of Brazil's biodiversity (Barber et al.2014). However, they are at risk of a downgrade in legal status due to economic pressures on natural resources (Bernard et al.2014; De Marques & Perez 2014; Pack et al.2016). Mining is one of the most urgent environmental threats in Brazil (Ferreira et al.2014; El Bizri et al.2016), with plans in place for a 10-fold increase in the number of mining projects in c. 8 years. If all were developed, the Brazilian territory occupied by mining would increase 23-fold in the near future. Currently, 12 697 projects covering 98 × 105 ha are planned within PAs. Licensing and exploitation of 53% of this land will depend on the approval of three bills that intend to authorize mining in areas where it was formerly forbidden. Here, we analyse the potential consequences of the approval of these new policies for conservation.

Biodiversity Conservation and Unmet Social and Health Needs in the Rural Communities of Niger State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-40
Author(s):  
Lawal Musediq Olufemi ◽  
Irhue Young Kenneth
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Threatened And Endangered Species ◽  
Water Provision ◽  
Sustainable Usage

The establishment that 70% of the world's poor residing in rural areas depends directly on biodiversity for their well-being has ignited the call for sustainable usage of biological resources. Biodiversity conservation has thus become a novel project with noble intention of providing a habitat and protection from hunting for threatened and endangered species and ecological processes that cannot survive in most intensely managed landscapes. Nigeria has created protected areas under the coordination of National Park Services in line with this. As a result, residents of communities surrounding the protected areas could not meet their basic needs like employment, water provision, educational facilities, medical services, energy supply, livestock grazing, and motorable roads. They have subsequently deviated from the extant rules that guide their conducts and by ensuing difficulties see biodiversity conservation as an elitist policy despite their understanding of the idea behind it.

scholarly journals THE COLLECTIVE ACTION ON GOVERNING THE COMMONS IN THE SURROUNDINGS OF PROTECTED AREAS

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-38
Author(s):  
MÁRCIO DE ARAÚJO PEREIRA ◽  
◽  
SÉRGIO SCHNEIDER ◽  
JAN DOUWE VAN DER PLOEG ◽  
MARCELINO DE SOUZA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
New Governance ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Common Goals

Abstract This work has as its theme the common natural resources and the management models that allow new governance systems in the rural areas in the surrounding of protected areas. In this sense, this paper aims to discuss the collective action of social actors in the management of common natural resources in the surroundings of the National Park of Serra da Bodoquena (PNSB). Based on institutional approach for the study of the self-organisation and self-governance in common-pool resources situations developed by Elinor Ostrom, the investigation sought the theoretical explanation of phenomena. The conclusions point out that the expected mobilisation of groups of individuals in the pursuit of common goals is twofold. In this case, the participants of the action arena create different goals and different collective actions according to their interests.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document