scholarly journals Attitude and Vaccination Status of Healthcare Workers against Hepatitis B Infection in a Teaching Hospital, Ethiopia

Scientifica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Akibu ◽  
Sodere Nurgi ◽  
Mesfin Tadese ◽  
Wendwesen Dibekulu Tsega
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
World Health ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
B Virus

Background. World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend all health professionals to get vaccinated against hepatitis B virus before they start the clinical attachments during their stay in the medical school. However, only 18–39% of healthcare workers in low- and middle-income countries received the vaccine. Therefore, this study aims to determine the attitude and vaccination status of health professionals working at Adama General Hospital and Medical College.Methods. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2016 to February 2017 with 403 health professionals working at Adama General Hospital and Medical College. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaire distributed at the participant’s work unit and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors that affect the complete vaccination status andpvalue < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Result. The prevalence of complete vaccination against hepatitis B virus was 25.6%. The most frequently mentioned reasons for not being vaccinated were high cost of the vaccine (41%) and unavailability of the vaccine (36%). More than three-fourths (77.8%) of study participants strongly agreed that hepatitis B is a major public health threat and there was tendency among participants to believe that their profession will put them at increased risk of acquiring the disease (strongly agreed: 75.9%). Attending infection-prevention training [AOR = 2.3; 95% CI, 1.24–6.31], history of exposure to risky behavior [AOR = 5.5; 95% CI, 2.86–9.29], and long years of work experience [AOR = 3.1; 95% CI, 1.98–5.24] were statistically significant with complete vaccination status.Conclusion. Only one-quarter of health professionals received the recommended full dose of the vaccine. Sustained hepatitis B vaccination programs for healthcare workers need to be established by collaboration of different stakeholders to optimize health professionals’ safety against this contagious infection.

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and uptake of hepatitis B vaccine among healthcare workers, Makueni County, Kenya 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
E N Kisangau ◽  
A Awour ◽  
B Juma ◽  
D Odhiambo ◽  
T Muasya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
B Virus

Abstract Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a vaccine-preventable infection that can spread in healthcare setting. Data on HBV infections and vaccine in African healthcare workers (HCWs) are limited. We estimated HBV infection prevalence, hepatitis B vaccination status and identified factors associated with vaccination in one Kenyan county. Methods Randomly selected HCWs completed a questionnaire about HBV exposure and self-reported immunization histories, and provided blood for testing of selected HBV biomarkers to assess HBV infection and vaccination status: HBV core antibodies (anti-HBc), HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV surface antibodies (anti-HBs). Prevalence odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated to identify factors associated with vaccination. Results Among 312 HCWs surveyed, median age was 31 years (range: 19–67 years). Of 295 blood samples tested, 13 (4%) were anti-HBc and HBsAg-positive evidencing chronic HBV infection; 139 (47%) had protective anti-HBs levels. Although 249 (80%) HCWs received ≥1 HBV vaccine dose, only 119 (48%) received all three recommended doses. Complete vaccination was more likely among those working in hospitals compared to those working in primary healthcare facilities (OR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.4–4.3). Conclusion We recommend strengthening county HCW vaccination, and collecting similar data nationally to guide HBV prevention and control.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B Surface Antigen-Prevalence, Knowledge, Attitude and Vaccination Status among Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Health Facility

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
DC Obu ◽  
UV Asiegbu ◽  
CT Ezeonu ◽  
AFI Una ◽  
CE Arua-Iduma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Infection ◽  
Virus Vaccination ◽  
B Virus

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of acquiring hepatitis virus B infection through occupational exposure. Having adequate knowledge and proper attitudes toward hepatitis B virus infection are crucial for its prevention. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and hepatitis B virus vaccination status of health care workers. A descriptive cross-sectional study among 120 healthcare workers that attended the World Hepatitis B-Day Celebration in June 2018 was undertaken. Data were obtained with a self-administered questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude towards HBV infection, and practice of hepatitis B vaccination. Commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were used to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen. Data were analyzed using computer software SPSS version 22. The prevalence of HBsAg among the subjects was 4.5%. Only 53(47.7%) of the respondents had good knowledge of hepatitis B virus infection. The majority of respondents 91(82.0%) demonstrated a positive attitude towards hepatitis B virus infection and vaccination. Over 30% of respondents were aware of their hepatitis B virus infection status, and 29(26.1%) of them had received the hepatitis B virus vaccine. The major reason for the poor uptake of hepatitis B virus vaccination was not knowing where to get the vaccine in 40(57.1%) of them. Good knowledge of HBV infection had a statistically significant association with the age of respondents and their years of experience (p<0.05). It is recommended that a healthcare worker should be provided with more education and information on hepatitis B virus infection and vaccination. Also, hepatitis B screening and vaccination should be made mandatory as part of the pre-employment exercise of all healthcare workers with follow up screening before any upgrade or promotional examination exercise.

scholarly journals Is it Safe for a Mother Infected with Hepatitis B Virus to Breastfeed Her Baby?

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
ASM Nawshad Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Md Mahbubul Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Perinatal Transmission ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Major Mode ◽  
B Virus ◽  
The World

One third of the world’s population has been infected by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), causing an enormous burden of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis B virus is transmitted through contact with blood and blood products, by sexual contact, through close contact between children (horizontal transmission), or by perinatal transmission from a carrier mother to her baby. In Asia, perinatal transmission is the major mode of transmission and those who become infected perinatally with HBV are most likely to develop chronic infection. The question of whether breastfeeding by HBV-positive mothers is an additional mechanism by which infants may acquire HBV infection, has been asked for many years. Although small amounts of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) have been detected in some samples of breast milk, there is no evidence that breastfeeding by HBV-carrier mothers increase the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HBV. Infants born to known hepatitis B positive women should receive hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and hepatitis B vaccine, effectively eliminating any theoretical risk of transmission through breastfeeding. However, neither screening of pregnant women for HBV infection nor use of HBIG is feasible in most developing countries. Routine immunization of infants with hepatitis B vaccine is therefore recommended by the World Health Organization. Bangladesh has already included hepatitis B vaccine as part of routine childhood immunization in EPI program since 2003. Also the risk must be balanced against the increased risk of morbidity and mortality due to malnutrition and diarrheal or other infectious diseases associated with replacement feeding. Malnutrition is responsible, directly or indirectly, for 6.5 million under 5 deaths annually. Thus, even where HBV infection is highly endemic and immunization against HBV is not available, breastfeeding remains the recommended method of feeding. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjch.v35i1.10369 BJCH 2011; 35(1): 20-25

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and prevalence of hepatitis B virus among healthcare workers: a cross-sectional, hospital-based study in Bamenda Health District, NWR, Cameroon

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e031075
Author(s):  
Etheline Akazong W ◽  
Christopher Tume ◽  
Richard Njouom ◽  
Lawrence Ayong ◽  
Victor Fondoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hbsag Positivity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hbv Transmission

IntroductionHepatitis B virus (HBV) is a bloodborne virus which can be transmitted via percutaneous and mucocutaneous exposure to infected body fluid. Healthcare workers (HCWs) who are continuously exposed to different body fluids are at an increased risk of contracting and transmitting this virus. It is thus important to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of HCWs towards HBV and the prevalence of HBV infection among them.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was carried out between April and September 2017. Overall, 398 HCWs were recruited for this study. Knowledge on the route of HBV transmission and attitude towards HBV were evaluated using a well-structured questionnaire. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity was obtained using the Monolisa HBsAg ULTRA kit (Bio-Rad). Data were analysed using SPSS V.20.ResultsAmong the HCWs who participated in this study, 338 (84.9%) had heard of HBV, and 269 (67.6%) of them had adequate knowledge on the route of HBV transmission. Medical doctors were the most knowledgeable among biomedical workers and students (76.5%). The rate of stigma was highest among nurses (87, 38.8%). The prevalence of HBsAg positivity was high (42, 10.6%) given that there is an efficient and available vaccine. Overall, over 70% of HCWs invited to participate in this study responded.ConclusionKnowledge on the route of HBV transmission was fair, and the level of stigmatisation of HBV-infected patients and the prevalence of HBV infection were high in this study. A sensitisation campaign should be carried out to educate HCWs on HBV, thus reducing the level of stigma associated with HBV as well as the probability of contracting HBV as a nosocomial infection.

scholarly journals SHEA Guideline for Management of Healthcare Workers Who Are Infected with Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, and/or Human Immunodeficiency Virus

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Henderson ◽  
Louise Dembry ◽  
Neil O. Fishman ◽  
Christine Grady ◽  
Tammy Lundstrom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

This guideline provides the updated recommendations of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) regarding the management of healthcare providers who are infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and/or the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). For the reasons cited in the guideline, SHEA continues to recommend that, although some aspects of the approach to and administrative management of each of these infectious syndromes in healthcare providers are similar, separate management strategies for healthcare workers who are infected with these unrelated viruses remain appropriate. As we did in both prior iterations of this document, SHEA emphasizes the use of appropriate infection control procedures to minimize exposure of patients or providers to blood, emphasizes that transfers of blood from patients to providers and from providers to patients should be avoided, and recommends that infected healthcare providers should not be totally prohibited from participating in patient-care activities solely on the basis of a bloodborne pathogen infection. The types of procedures assessed by the panel as associated with an increased risk for provider-to-patient transmission of these pathogens are discussed in detail. For each pathogen, recommendations are graduated according to the relative viral load level of the infected provider (Tables 1 and 2). However, SHEA emphasizes that, because of the complexity of these cases, each such case will be slightly different from the next, and each should be independently considered in context.

scholarly journals Vaccination against hepatitis B virus in hemodialysis patients: trends in dialysis centers of Northern Pakistan

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nadeem ◽  
Syed Asim Ali Shah ◽  
Naveed Arshad ◽  
Faiza Riaz ◽  
Rizwan Saeed Kiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Study Patient ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Regular Hemodialysis

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, especially those on hemodialysis, are at increased risk of developing hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Guidelines suggest that all patients with CKD should be vaccinated against HBV, but these guidelines are usually not followed. We conducted this study to know the status of vaccination against HBV in CKD patients on regular hemodialysis. Methods: This observational descriptive study was conducted at the Department of Medicine, Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Teaching Hospital, Poonch Medical College Rawalakot , and POF Teaching Hospital, Wah Medical College Wah Cantt, from March to July 2019. Patients reporting to the dialysis center of both hospitals on regular dialysis were included in the study. Patient information (HBV vaccination status, age, gender, education, socioeconomic status, duration of CKD and duration of dialysis) were collected on a specially designed questionnaire. The statistical analysis of data was done in SPSS for Windows, version 20. Results: A total 149 patients were included in the study, 63.1% were male and 36.9% were female. Out of these 24.2% were uneducated, 33.6% had 1-10 years school education, 38.2% had 10-14 years education, and 4% had more than 14 years education. About 35% patients were from low socioeconomic class, 54% from middle and 11% from higher class. Only 45.6% (n=68) of patients were vaccinated and 54.4% (n=81) were not vaccinated against HBV. Vaccination status was significantly associated with education (p=0.004) and socioeconomic status (p=0.008). Conclusion: The HBV status of patients on regular hemodialysis is not satisfactory at the two centers observed. It is associated with education and socioeconomic status of the patient.

scholarly journals Epigenetic heterogeneity after de novo assembly of native full-length Hepatitis B Virus genomes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloe Goldsmith ◽  
Damien Cohen ◽  
Anaëlle Dubois ◽  
Maria-Guadalupe Martinez ◽  
Kilian Petitjean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Cellular Transformation ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nanopore Sequencing ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
B Virus

AbstractHepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a 3.2KB DNA virus that causes acute and chronic hepatitis. HBV infection is a world health problem, with 350 million chronically infected people at increased risk of developing liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methylation of HBV DNA in a CpG context (5mCpG) can alter the expression patterns of viral genes related to infection and cellular transformation. Moreover, it may also provide clues to why certain infections are cleared, or persist with or without progression to cancer. The detection of 5mCpG often requires techniques that damage DNA or introduce bias through a myriad of limitations. Therefore, we developed a method for the detection of 5mCpG on the HBV genome that does not rely on bisulfite conversion or PCR. With cas9 guided RNPs to specifically target the HBV genome, we enriched in HBV DNA from Primary Human Hepatocytes (PHH) infected with different HBV genotypes, as well as enriching in HBV from infected patient liver tissue; followed by sequencing with Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION. Detection of 5mCpG by Nanopore sequencing was benchmarked with Bisulfite-quantitative Methyl Specific PCR (BS-qMSP). 5mCpG levels in HBV determined by BS-qMSP and Nanopore sequencing were highly correlated. Our Nanopore sequencing approach achieved a coverage of ∼2000x of HBV depending on infection efficacy, sufficient coverage to perform a de novo assembly and detect small fluctuations in HBV methylation, providing the first de novo assembly of native HBV DNA, as well as the first landscape of 5mCpG from native HBV sequences. Moreover, by capturing entire HBV genomes, we explored the epigenetic heterogeneity of HBV in infected patients and identified 4 epigenetically distinct clusters based on methylation profiles. This method is a novel approach that enables the enrichment of viral DNA in a mixture of nucleic acid material from different species and will serve as a valuable tool for infectious disease monitoring.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus and Associated Factors among Health Professionals in University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aynishet Adane Gebremariam ◽  
Adino Tesfahun Tsegaye ◽  
Yalelet Fentaw Shiferaw ◽  
Mebratu Mitiku Reta ◽  
Alem Getaneh
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
B Virus

Introduction. Hepatitis B virus infection is one of the commonest occupational risks in healthcare workers. However; there is limited evidence regarding the prevalence of hepatitis in health professionals in Ethiopia. Objective. This study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of hepatitis B and associated factors in health professionals. Methods. Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among health professionals at University of Gondar Hospital from January to February, 2015. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic variables and blood sample was also taken to determine hepatitis B virus sero-status. Chi square test with 95% confidence interval (CI) was computed to assess the associations of different factors with hepatitis B infection. Result. A total of 332 health professionals (with a response rate of 92.2%) participated in the study. Most (98.5%) of health professionals were not vaccinated for hepatitis B. The prevalence of hepatitis B in health professionals at UOG hospital was found to be 4.52% (95% CI: 2.4, 6.5). Hepatitis B infection was more common among males (P value =0.0299).  Conclusion. The prevalence of hepatitis B in health professionals in this study was comparable with other studies done in Ethiopia among health professionals. Males were more affected than females for hepatitis B infection. Hepatitis B virus vaccine, treatment for the infected, and training on infection prevention should be more available for healthcare workers.

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