Correlations and Event-by-Event Fluctuations in High Multiplicity Events Produced in 208Pb-208Pb Collisions

Analysis of high multiplicity events produced in 158A GeV/c 208Pb-208Pb collisions is carried out to study the event-by-event fluctuations. The findings reveal that the method of scaled factorial moments can be used to identify the events having densely populated narrow phase space bins. A few events sorted out by adopting this approach are individually analyzed. It is observed that these events do exhibit large fluctuations in their pseudorapidity, η, and azimuthal angle, ϕ, distributions arising due to some dynamical reasons. Two-particle Δη-Δϕ correlation study applied to these events too indicates that some complex two-dimensional structure of significantly high magnitude is present in these events which might have some dynamical origin. The findings reveal that the method of scaled factorial moments may be used as an effective triggering for events with large dynamical fluctuations.

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A study of event-by-event fluctuations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

International Journal of Modern Physics E ◽

10.1142/s0218301314500657 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 23 (11) ◽

pp. 1450065 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Shakeel Ahmad ◽

M. M. Khan ◽

Shaista Khan ◽

A. Khatun ◽

M. Irfan

Keyword(s):

Monte Carlo ◽

Particle Density ◽

Heavy Ion ◽

Density Fluctuations ◽

Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions ◽

Final States ◽

Factorial Moments ◽

Ion Collisions ◽

Dynamical Fluctuations ◽

Scaled Factorial Moments

A method for selecting events with densely populated narrow regions or spikes in a given data sample is discussed. Applying this method to 200 A GeV/c 32 S - AgBr and 32 S -Gold collision data, a few events having "hot regions" are chosen for further analysis. The finding reveals that a systematic study of particle density fluctuations, if carried out in terms of scaled factorial moments, and the results are compared with those for the analysis of correlation free Monte Carlo events, would be useful in identifying events with large dynamical fluctuations. Formation of clusters or jet-like structure in multihadronic final states in the selected spiky events is also looked into and compared with the predictions of AMPT and independent emission hypothesis models by carrying out Monte Carlo simulation. The findings suggest that clustering or jet-like algorithm adopted in the present study may also serve as an important tool for triggering different classes of events.

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INVESTIGATION OF INTERMITTENCY IN 28Si-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS AT 14.5A GeV

Modern Physics Letters A ◽

10.1142/s0217732392000033 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 07 (02) ◽

pp. 93-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

P.L. JAIN ◽

G. SINGH

Keyword(s):

Power Law ◽

Higher Dimensions ◽

Heavy Ion ◽

The Other ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Factorial Moments ◽

Central Collisions ◽

28Si Nucleus ◽

Multiplicity Distributions ◽

Scaled Factorial Moments

Scaled factorial moments are computed for the multiplicity distributions of the 28 Si -emulsion interactions at 14.5A GeV in one- and two-dimensional phase spaces. An intermittency power-law is observed for the central collisions. The observations are found to be different in higher dimensions and they are compared with the other heavy-ion projectiles.

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Factorial moments in high-multiplicity events in 800 GeV proton interactions with AgBr nuclei

Canadian Journal of Physics ◽

10.1139/p93-050 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 71 (7-8) ◽

pp. 316-321

Author(s):

R. K. Shivpuri ◽

V. K. Verma

Keyword(s):

Phase Transitions ◽

Power Law ◽

Nuclear Emulsion ◽

High Multiplicity ◽

Factorial Moments ◽

Secondary Particles ◽

The Third ◽

The Moment ◽

Scaled Factorial Moments

The scaled factorial moments were investigated for secondary particles in high-multiplicity events produced by 800 GeV proton interactions with AgBr nuclei in a nuclear emulsion. The results show clear evidence for power-law behavior of scaled factorial moments. The variation of dimension as a function of order of the moment was also studied. The presence of phase transitions is not indicated from our data. From the behavior of the third-differential moment, we do not find any evidence for the clustering of particles in any pseudorapidity region.

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Three-Dimensional Structure of Cloned T3 Connector Protein at 1.6nm Resolution

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100180161 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 282-283

Author(s):

José L. Carrascosa ◽

José M. Valpuesta ◽

Hisao Fujisawa

Keyword(s):

Dna Sequences ◽

Expression Vector ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Deae Cellulose ◽

Dna Packaging ◽

Dimensional Structure ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Freezing And Thawing ◽

Three Dimensional Structure ◽

Dimensional Reconstruction

The head to tail connector of bacteriophages plays a fundamental role in the assembly of viral heads and DNA packaging. In spite of the absence of sequence homology, the structure of connectors from different viruses (T4, Ø29, T3, P22, etc) share common morphological features, that are most clearly revealed in their three-dimensional structure. We have studied the three-dimensional reconstruction of the connector protein from phage T3 (gp 8) from tilted view of two dimensional crystals obtained from this protein after cloning and purification.DNA sequences including gene 8 from phage T3 were cloned, into Bam Hl-Eco Rl sites down stream of lambda promotor PL, in the expression vector pNT45 under the control of cI857. E R204 (pNT89) cells were incubated at 42°C for 2h, harvested and resuspended in 20 mM Tris HC1 (pH 7.4), 7mM 2 mercaptoethanol, ImM EDTA. The cells were lysed by freezing and thawing in the presence of lysozyme (lmg/ml) and ligthly sonicated. The low speed supernatant was precipitated by ammonium sulfate (60% saturated) and dissolved in the original buffer to be subjected to gel nitration through Sepharose 6B, followed by phosphocellulose colum (Pll) and DEAE cellulose colum (DE52). Purified gp8 appeared at 0.3M NaCl and formed crystals when its concentration increased above 1.5 mg/ml.

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A First-Principle Study of Monolayer Transition Metal Carbon Trichalcogenides

Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism ◽

10.1007/s10948-021-05980-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Yar Khan ◽

Yan Liu ◽

Tao Wang ◽

Hu Long ◽

Miaogen Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phonon Dispersion ◽

Magnetic Ordering ◽

Dimensional Structure ◽

First Principle ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Biaxial Strain ◽

Half Metallic ◽

First Principle Calculations ◽

Potential Applications ◽

External Strain

AbstractMonolayer MnCX3 metal–carbon trichalcogenides have been investigated by using the first-principle calculations. The compounds show half-metallic ferromagnetic characters. Our results reveal that their electronic and magnetic properties can be altered by applying uniaxial or biaxial strain. By tuning the strength of the external strain, the electronic bandgap and magnetic ordering of the compounds change and result in a phase transition from the half-metallic to the semiconducting phase. Furthermore, the vibrational and thermodynamic stability of the two-dimensional structure has been verified by calculating the phonon dispersion and molecular dynamics. Our study paves guidance for the potential applications of these two mono-layers in the future for spintronics and straintronics devices.

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