INVESTIGATION OF INTERMITTENCY IN 28Si-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS AT 14.5A GeV

1992 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.L. JAIN ◽  
G. SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Higher Dimensions ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Factorial Moments ◽  
Central Collisions ◽  
28Si Nucleus ◽  
Multiplicity Distributions ◽  
Scaled Factorial Moments

Scaled factorial moments are computed for the multiplicity distributions of the 28 Si -emulsion interactions at 14.5A GeV in one- and two-dimensional phase spaces. An intermittency power-law is observed for the central collisions. The observations are found to be different in higher dimensions and they are compared with the other heavy-ion projectiles.

EVIDENCE FOR INTERMITTENCY IN HADRON–NUCLEUS AND NUCLEUS–NUCLEUS COLLISIONS AT RELATIVISTIC ENERGIES

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 3451-3465 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. HASAN ◽  
M. ZAFAR ◽  
M. S. AHMAD ◽  
A. TUFAIL
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Scaling Law ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Factorial Moments ◽  
Secondary Particles ◽  
Multiplicity Distributions ◽  
Scaled Factorial Moments

Scaled factorial moments are calculated for multiplicity distributions in the pseudorapidity intervals of secondary particles produced in p-Em collisions at 400 GeV, π-- Em collisions at 340 GeV and 12 C-Em collisions at 3.6 A GeV. In the p-Em and 12 C-Em collisions an intermittent power law growth of the factorial moments clearly observed, but no such dependence is found in π-- Em collisions. Higher order scaled factorial moments are found to obey a scaling law.

scholarly journals Correlations and Event-by-Event Fluctuations in High Multiplicity Events Produced in 208Pb-208Pb Collisions

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakeel Ahmad ◽  
Shaista Khan ◽  
Ashwini Kumar ◽  
Arpit Singh ◽  
A. Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azimuthal Angle ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
High Multiplicity ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Factorial Moments ◽  
High Magnitude ◽  
Large Fluctuations ◽  
Dynamical Fluctuations ◽  
Scaled Factorial Moments

Analysis of high multiplicity events produced in 158A GeV/c 208Pb-208Pb collisions is carried out to study the event-by-event fluctuations. The findings reveal that the method of scaled factorial moments can be used to identify the events having densely populated narrow phase space bins. A few events sorted out by adopting this approach are individually analyzed. It is observed that these events do exhibit large fluctuations in their pseudorapidity, η, and azimuthal angle, ϕ, distributions arising due to some dynamical reasons. Two-particle Δη-Δϕ correlation study applied to these events too indicates that some complex two-dimensional structure of significantly high magnitude is present in these events which might have some dynamical origin. The findings reveal that the method of scaled factorial moments may be used as an effective triggering for events with large dynamical fluctuations.

scholarly journals A study of event-by-event fluctuations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1450065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakeel Ahmad ◽  
M. M. Khan ◽  
Shaista Khan ◽  
A. Khatun ◽  
M. Irfan
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Density Fluctuations ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions ◽  
Final States ◽  
Factorial Moments ◽  
Ion Collisions ◽  
Dynamical Fluctuations ◽  
Scaled Factorial Moments

A method for selecting events with densely populated narrow regions or spikes in a given data sample is discussed. Applying this method to 200 A GeV/c 32 S - AgBr and 32 S -Gold collision data, a few events having "hot regions" are chosen for further analysis. The finding reveals that a systematic study of particle density fluctuations, if carried out in terms of scaled factorial moments, and the results are compared with those for the analysis of correlation free Monte Carlo events, would be useful in identifying events with large dynamical fluctuations. Formation of clusters or jet-like structure in multihadronic final states in the selected spiky events is also looked into and compared with the predictions of AMPT and independent emission hypothesis models by carrying out Monte Carlo simulation. The findings suggest that clustering or jet-like algorithm adopted in the present study may also serve as an important tool for triggering different classes of events.

scholarly journals New baryonic and mesonic observables from NA61/SHINE

2018 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 02082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoni Marcinek
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Meson Production ◽  
System Size ◽  
Density Fluctuations ◽  
Proton Density ◽  
Factorial Moments ◽  
Strongly Interacting ◽  
Charged Meson ◽  
The Spectator ◽  
Scaled Factorial Moments

One of the main objectives of the NA61/SHINE experiment at the CERN SPS is to study properties of strongly interacting matter. This paper presents new results on observables relevant for this part of the NA61/SHINE programme. These include the first ever measurements of ϕ meson production in p+p collisions at 40 and 80 GeV, and most detailed ever experimental data at 158 GeV. This contribution demonstrates the superior accuracy of the present dataset with respect to existing measurements. The comparison of p+p to Pb+Pb collisions shows a non-trivial system size dependence of the longitudinal evolution of hidden strangeness production, contrasting with that of other mesons. Furthermore, proton density fluctuations are investigated as a possible order parameter of the second order phase transition in the neighbourhood of the critical point (CP) of strongly interacting matter. An intermittency analysis is performed of the proton second scaled factorial moments in transverse momentum space. A previous analysis of this sort revealed significant power-law fluctuations for the “Si”+Si system at 158A GeV measured by the NA49 experiment. The fitted power-law exponent was consistent within errors with the theoretically expected critical value, a result suggesting a baryochemical potential in the vicinity of the CP of about 250MeV [24]. The analysis will now be extended to NA61/SHINE systems of similar size, Be+Be and Ar+Sc, at 150A GeV. Finally, spectator-induced electromagnetic (EM) effects on charged meson production are being studied and bring information on the space-time position of the pion formation zone, which appears to be much closer to the spectator system for faster pions than for slower ones. On that basis, we demonstrate that the longitudinal evolution of the system at CERN SPS energies may be interpreted as a pure consequence of local energymomentum conservation.

NUCLEAR MULTIFRAGMENTATION AND INTERMITTENCY

1992 ◽  
Vol 07 (13) ◽  
pp. 1113-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. SINGH ◽  
P. L. JAIN ◽  
M. S. EL-NAGDY
Keyword(s):  
Charge Distribution ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Nuclear Emulsion ◽  
Critical Phenomenon ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Nuclear Fragmentation ◽  
Factorial Moments ◽  
Intermittent Behavior ◽  
Scaled Factorial Moments ◽  
Nuclear Multifragmentation

The charge distribution of nuclear fragments for events of 131 Xe at 1.22A GeV in nuclear emulsion is fitted with a power law. Method of scaled factorial moments is used to study fluctuations in the nuclear fragmentations. An intermittent behavior is found in the data but no convincing evidence of critical phenomenon is observed in nuclear fragmentation.

Factorial moments in high-multiplicity events in 800 GeV proton interactions with AgBr nuclei

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 316-321
Author(s):  
R. K. Shivpuri ◽  
V. K. Verma
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Nuclear Emulsion ◽  
High Multiplicity ◽  
Factorial Moments ◽  
Secondary Particles ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Scaled Factorial Moments

The scaled factorial moments were investigated for secondary particles in high-multiplicity events produced by 800 GeV proton interactions with AgBr nuclei in a nuclear emulsion. The results show clear evidence for power-law behavior of scaled factorial moments. The variation of dimension as a function of order of the moment was also studied. The presence of phase transitions is not indicated from our data. From the behavior of the third-differential moment, we do not find any evidence for the clustering of particles in any pseudorapidity region.

NEGATIVE BINOMIAL FITS TO MULTIPLICITY DISTRIBUTIONS FROM CENTRAL 16O+Cu COLLISIONS AT 14.6 A GeV/c AND THEIR IMPLICATION FOR “INTERMITTENCY”

1994 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 89-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. TANNENBAUM
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Energy ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Particle Multiplicity ◽  
Charged Particle Multiplicity ◽  
Factorial Moments ◽  
Ion Collisions ◽  
Binomial Distributions ◽  
Multiplicity Distributions

The method of normalized factorial moments has been used extensively to study the fluctuations in pseudorapidity of charged particle multiplicity as a function of the interval δη. Experience in analyzing the data from light and heavy ion collisions in terms of distributions rather than moments suggests that conventional fluctuations of multiplicity and transverse energy can be well described by gamma or Negative Binomial Distributions (NBD). Multiplicity distributions from central (ZCAL) collisions of 16 O+Cu at 14.6 A GeV/c have been analyzed by the E802 collaboration as a function of the interval δη≥0.1 in the range 1.2≤η≤2.2. Excellent fits to NBD were obtained in all δη bins. The k parameter of the NBD fit exhibits a steep linear increase with the δη interval, which due to the well known property of the NBD under convolution, indicates that the multiplicity distributions in adjacent bins of pseudorapidity δη~0.1 are largely statistically independent. This result explains and demystifies “intermittency.”

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Two Forms of the Chaperonin GRO EL

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 258-259
Author(s):  
J.L. Carrascosa ◽  
G. Abella ◽  
S. Marco ◽  
M. Muyal ◽  
J.M. Carazo
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Other ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Series Method ◽  
Three Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Morphogenetic Factors ◽  
Tilt Series

Chaperonins are a class of proteins characterized by their role as morphogenetic factors. They trantsiently interact with the structural components of certain biological aggregates (viruses, enzymes etc), promoting their correct folding, assembly and, eventually transport. The groEL factor from E. coli is a conspicuous member of the chaperonins, as it promotes the assembly and morphogenesis of bacterial oligomers and/viral structures.We have studied groEL-like factors from two different bacteria:E. coli and B.subtilis. These factors share common morphological features , showing two different views: one is 6-fold, while the other shows 7 morphological units. There is also a correlation between the presence of a dominant 6-fold view and the fact of both bacteria been grown at low temperature (32°C), while the 7-fold is the main view at higher temperatures (42°C). As the two-dimensional projections of groEL were difficult to interprete, we studied their three-dimensional reconstruction by the random conical tilt series method from negatively stained particles.

Polymer-Graphene Nanoassemblies and their Applications in Cancer Theranostics

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1340-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ponnurengam M. Sivakumar ◽  
Matin Islami ◽  
Ali Zarrabi ◽  
Arezoo Khosravi ◽  
Shohreh Peimanfard
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hydrophilic Polymer ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Cancer Theranostics

Background and objective: Graphene-based nanomaterials have received increasing attention due to their unique physical-chemical properties including two-dimensional planar structure, large surface area, chemical and mechanical stability, superconductivity and good biocompatibility. On the other hand, graphene-based nanomaterials have been explored as theranostics agents, the combination of therapeutics and diagnostics. In recent years, grafting hydrophilic polymer moieties have been introduced as an efficient approach to improve the properties of graphene-based nanomaterials and obtain new nanoassemblies for cancer therapy. Methods and results: This review would illustrate biodistribution, cellular uptake and toxicity of polymergraphene nanoassemblies and summarize part of successes achieved in cancer treatment using such nanoassemblies. Conclusion: The observations showed successful targeting functionality of the polymer-GO conjugations and demonstrated a reduction of the side effects of anti-cancer drugs for normal tissues.

scholarly journals On the Kirchhoff-Love Hypothesis (Revised and Vindicated)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Ozenda ◽  
Epifanio G. Virga
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Dimension Reduction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Energy Functional ◽  
The Other ◽  
Variational Model ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Elastic Plates ◽  
Kinematic Constraint ◽  
Free Energy Functional

AbstractThe Kirchhoff-Love hypothesis expresses a kinematic constraint that is assumed to be valid for the deformations of a three-dimensional body when one of its dimensions is much smaller than the other two, as is the case for plates. This hypothesis has a long history checkered with the vicissitudes of life: even its paternity has been questioned, and recent rigorous dimension-reduction tools (based on standard $\varGamma $ Γ -convergence) have proven to be incompatible with it. We find that an appropriately revised version of the Kirchhoff-Love hypothesis is a valuable means to derive a two-dimensional variational model for elastic plates from a three-dimensional nonlinear free-energy functional. The bending energies thus obtained for a number of materials also show to contain measures of stretching of the plate’s mid surface (alongside the expected measures of bending). The incompatibility with standard $\varGamma $ Γ -convergence also appears to be removed in the cases where contact with that method and ours can be made.

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