scholarly journals Inheritance of Early Maturity in Some Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Genotypes under Rain Fed Conditions in Northern Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Yaw Owusu ◽  
Richard Akromah ◽  
Nicholas Ninju Denwar ◽  
Joseph Adjebeng-Danquah ◽  
Francis Kusi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Segregation Ratio ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Maturity Indices ◽  
Positive Correlations

A field experiment was conducted at Savanna Agricultural Research Institute in 2015 cropping season to examine the inheritance of early maturity among an extra-early maturing landrace Sanzi and a medium maturing variety Padi-Tuya and their progenies. The results indicated highly significant (P<0.01) genetic variations for the maturity indices, namely, days to first flower initiation (DFFI), days to 50% flowering (DFF), days to first pod maturity (DFPM), days to 90% pod maturity (DNPM), and plant height (P_PLT), seed per pod (S_Pod), and hundred seed weight (H_SWT). Heritability estimates for these traits varied from 74% to 99%. No significant differences (P>0.05) were observed between F1 and RF1, implying absence of maternal effect. The segregation ratio in the F2 population for early and medium maturity fitted into the ratio 3 : 1, indicating single dominant gene mode of inheritance. Significant positive correlations were found between DNPM, DFFI, DFF, and DFPM; hence selection criteria to improve early maturity of cowpea should focus on these traits. Grain yield also had significant positive correlations with maturity indices indicating high grain yield is associated with late maturity; therefore, high grain yield should be considered alongside early maturity when selecting progenies for earliness.

scholarly journals Diallel Analysis and Heritability of Grain Yield, Yield Components, and Maturity Traits in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Yaw Owusu ◽  
Haruna Mohammed ◽  
Kulai Amadu Manigben ◽  
Joseph Adjebeng-Danquah ◽  
Francis Kusi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Cowpea Varieties ◽  
Pedigree Selection

Information on combining ability and reciprocal effects (REC) facilitates efficient utilization of genetic materials in a breeding program. This study was conducted (at the CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Ghana) to determine general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA), heritability, genetic advance, GCA, and SCA effects as well as the relationship between parents per se performance and progenies for yield components and maturity traits in cowpea. The test populations were derived using a 5 × 5 complete diallel cross of parents with different yield attributes and maturity durations. The results indicated that GCA was predominant for number of days to 90% pod maturity, plant height at maturity, and hundred-seed weight. This showed that genes with additive effects conditioned these traits. Padi-Tuya, Songotra, and IT86D-610 were identified as good general combiners for grain yield, while Sanzi-Nya was identified as a general combiner for developing extra-early duration cowpea varieties. Crosses Songotra × Sanzi-Nya, SARC-1-57-2 × IT86D-610, Songotra × SARC-1-57-2, and Padi-Tuya × Songotra were identified as good specific combiners for days to 50% flowering, pod length, pods per plant, pod yield, grain yield, and seeds per pod. The findings from this study provide useful information on the inheritance of early maturity and yield traits in cowpea. This can be exploited to develop high yielding and early maturing cowpea varieties as climate smart strategy to mitigate climate change via breeding methods such as pedigree selection and marker assisted backcrossing (MABC). Pedigree selection method is being used to develop varieties from the hybrid with high and significant SCA for grain yield, whereas the development of extra-early duration varieties via MABC with Sanzi-Nya (general combiner for earliness traits) as a donor parent is ongoing.

scholarly journals Pre-scaling up of improved finger millet (Kako-1) variety, at Weyira district, under Halaba zone in Ethiopian

2021 ◽  
pp. 297-301
Author(s):  
Debara Mekonen ◽  
Bekele Merkinel
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Feedback Data ◽  
Extension Personnel

Pre-scaling up of improved finger millet variety (kako-1) was conducted in 2019/20 mehere season in Halaba Zone, two selected kebeles under Weyira District,southern Ethiopia under rain fed conditions through involvement of farmers in participatory demonstration. The demonstration was carried out with the specific objectives:to popularize and demonstrate improved Finger millet technology (Kako-1) and to collect farmers feedback on improved finger millet variety. The demonstration was conducted at layignawu Badana and kufe kebele on farmers field of Weyira Districts on 10ha land coverage totally 20 beneficiary farmers field .Site and beneficiary farmers selection criteria were conducted purposively by cooperating with woreda and kebele extension personnel by willingness to accept technology, land availability and accessibility of the area. Training was given by focusing on agronomic practices and awareness creation for all selected beneficiary farmers and concerned extension personnel. Also, all necessary inputs (10kg/h kako-1 seed,100kg/h NPSB and 150 kg /h Urea) were provided from Hawassa agricultural research center.Yield and farmers feedback data were collected and analyzed by using descriptive statistics applying on SPSS software Accordingly, 2.7 tone/ha average mean grain yield was obtained. According to farmers’ feedback, the variety kako-1 has high tilling capacity, high grain yield, early maturity, high biomass yield and quality Therefore the variety need to extended to wide area.So, all concerned bodies need to work to facilitation of further extension of kako-1 variety for Halaba zone and other similar agro-ecological zones to improve finger millet production and productivity of smallholder farmers.

scholarly journals Selection in the M2 Generation of Soybeans (Glycine Max (L.) Merill) irradiated with Cobalt – 60 Gamma Irradiation in the Guinea Savannah Agroecology of Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
Isaac Kwahene ADDAI
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Atomic Energy Commission ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
60Co Source

Field studies were conducted at the research fields of the University for Development Studies, Ghana from July to November, 2014 and June to October 2015. The studies were aimed at investigating the effect of gamma irradiation on growth and grain yield of soybean. Seeds of soybean variety Jenguma were subjected to gamma irradiation at 150, 200, 250 and 300 Gy from the 60Co source at the Biotechnology and Nuclear Agricultural Research Institute of the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission in Accra, Ghana. The irradiated seeds and some unirradiated control (0 Gy) were planted during the 2014 cropping season in a randomized complete block design with three replications. At harvest, all M1 seeds for respective gamma ray doses were harvested and composited, and advanced to the M2 generation during the cropping season of 2015.  In M1, gamma irradiation significantly (P < 0.05) affected seedling emergence. There was significant reduction in survival of seedlings especially from the 150 Gy. Seedling heights of the irradiated species were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced. Number of days to 50% flowering was also significantly (P < 0.05) affected.  In M2, more desired traits were found from plants irradiated with the 200 Gy and 250 Gy doses, with only few in the 150 Gy and 300 Gy treated plants. There was a potential for total grain yield improvement. Numbers of pods per plant and seed weight were the key parameters found to influence grain yield. Maturity period was also found to be shorter in the selected plants. The shattering resistance of plants in the 200 Gy and 250 Gy was found to be a potential improvement over the parental variety ‘Jenguma’ which was originally bred for that purpose. Selected plants would be advanced into M3 generation for further studies and results will be published

scholarly journals G x E Interaction and path analysis for yield and its attributing traits in advanced genotypes of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 616-621
Author(s):  
Ramesh Ramesh ◽  
S. Muniswamy ◽  
Yamanura Yamanura ◽  
Bharathi Bharathi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Positive Direct

The present investigation was carried out during kharif-2012, 2013 and 2014 under rain fed condition at the Agricultural Research Station, Kalaburagi located in north eastern dry zone (Zone 2) of Karnataka, to know the stability and path analysis of the twenty genotypes of pigeonpea including check WRP-1. Highly significant differences among genotypes were observed for all the characters except primary branches. Environmental + (Genotype × Environment) interaction was significant for days to maturity, primary branch, pod bearing length, and seed yield per plant. The variance due to pooled deviation was highly significant for all the characters except for primary branches, pod length and number of seeds per pod which reflect the presence of sufficient genetic variability in the material. Out of 20 genotypes studied, RVK-275 (X=38.713, bi=1.7 and S2di = -9.67) and AKT-9913 (X =43.397, bi=2.86 and S2di= -7.42) were found to be a stable for seed yield and test weight, across the environments with good stability under rain fed conditions compared to local check. Path analysis revealed that days to flower initiation (3.942 and 1.123), days to maturity (1.493 and 0.960), primary branches (0.667 and 0.045), pod bearing length (1.153 and 0.394), number of pods per plant (0.661 and 0.463) and 100 seed weight (0.352 and 0.426) had the highest positive direct effect on grain yield both at genotypic and phenotypic level. For maximizing the grain yield per plant emphasis should be given in selection of such characters for further improvement in pigeonpea.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Interactive Effects of Row Arrangement, Plant Geometry and Mulching on Yield of Early Maturity Maize Hybrid under Traditional Rainfed Conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 158-164
Author(s):  
G. Manjulatha ◽  
E. Rajanikanth ◽  
K. Sumalini ◽  
D. Sravani ◽  
G. Usharani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rainfed Conditions

Aim: To study the grain yield performance of early maturity maize hybrid under rainfed conditions in relation to row arrangement, plant geometry and mulching. Place of Study: A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural research station, Karimnagar during kharif 2011-12. Methodology: The experiment was carried out in red sandy loam soils, in a split- split plot design with main plots as row arrangement (2) i.) Equal rows at 67cm ii). Paired row at 84: 50cm (Between and within paired rows), Sub plots as plant geometry (3) i.) with 40000 Plants/ha (intra row spacing of 37 cm) ii.) with 50000 Plants /ha (intra spacing of 30cm) iii.) with 60000 Plants/ha (intra row spacing of 25cm) and Sub- sub plots as mulching treatments (2) i.) without mulching ii.) with surface mulch @ 5 t/ha. The results indicated that there is no significant difference in grain yield of early maturity maize hybrid, when the crop is grown in equal row spacing of 67cm (5148 kg/ha) or paired row spacing of 84:50cm (4962 kg/ha). The grain yield of maize crop with 60000 Plants /ha (i.e., 25 cm intra row spacing) recorded higher grain yield of 5339 kg/ha followed by maize crop with 50000 Plant /ha (i.e., 30 cm intra row spacing) with 5097 kg/ha grain yield and 4729 kg/ha with 40000 Plant/ha (i.e., 37 cm intra row spacing). When crop rows were mulched with grass and dried weed material @ 5t/ha significantly increased the maize grain yield (5724 kg/ha) by 23 % than compared to the crop kept without mulch (4386 kg/ha). Consequently, the maize crop with surface mulching resulted in higher net returns (Rs.31770/ha) and benefit cost ratio of 1.7 over no mulching. While, the interaction for all parameters was non significant. Results: It can be concluded that farmers can either follow equal row spacing or paired row spacing based on situation, as there is no significant difference in terms of yield by either method. Mulching of inter row of maize crop under rainfed conditions has resulted in 23% increased yield than that of crop kept without mulch.

Nutrient economy through land configuration and residue management in a greengram (Phaseolus radiatus L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping sequence with limited water supplies

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-379
Author(s):  
B. G. Shivakumar ◽  
B. N. Mishra ◽  
R. C. Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Indian Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Preceding Crop ◽  
Cropping Sequence ◽  
Phosphorus Application

A field experiment on a greengram-wheat cropping sequence was carried out under limited water supply conditions in 1997-98 and 1998-99 at the farm of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. The greengram was sown either on flat beds or on broad beds 2 m in width, divided by furrows, with 0, 30 and 60 kg P2O5/ha. After the harvest of greengram pods, wheat was grown in the same plots, either with the greengram stover removed or with the stover incorporated along with 0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N/ha applied to wheat. The grain yield of greengram was higher when sown on broad beds with furrows compared to flat bed sowing, and the application of 30 or 60 kg P2O5/ha resulted in significantly higher grain yields compared to no phosphorus application. The combination of broad bed and furrows with phosphorus fertilization was found to be ideal for achieving higher productivity in greengram. The land configuration treatments had no impact on the productivity of wheat. The application of phosphorus to the preceding crop had a significant residual effect on the grain yield of wheat. The incorporation of greengram stover also significantly increased the grain yield of wheat. The increasing levels of N increased the grain yield of wheat significantly up to 80 kg/ha. The combination of greengram stover incorporation and 80 kg N/ha applied to wheat significantly increased the grain yield. Further, there was a significant interaction effect between the phosphorus applied to the preceding crop and N levels given to wheat on the grain yield of wheat.

Lowland Rice Yield as Affected by Straw Incorporation and Inorganic Fertilizer Over Cropping Seasons in Fluvisol

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-141
Author(s):  
Brahima Koné ◽  
Zadi Florent ◽  
Gala bi Trazié Jeremie ◽  
Akassimadou Edja Fulgence ◽  
Konan Kouamé Firmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Straw Incorporation ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Fertilizer Effect

Grain yield stabilization of lowland rice over cropping seasons was explored using different compositions of inorganic fertilizers (NPK, NPKCa, NPKMg, NPKZn, NPKCaMg, NPKCaZn and NPKCaMgZn) and straw incorporation (3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 tha-1 ). No fertilizer and no straw amended plot was the control in a split-plot design with three replications laid in a Fluvisol of Guinea savanna in Centre Cote d’Ivoire. Three weeks old nursery rice variety NERICA L19 was transplanted. No significant difference of grain yield was observed between the different treatments excluding the highest yields recorded for treatments NPKMg (5.09 tha-1 ), NPKZn (5.15 tha-1 ) and NPKCaéMg (5.31 tha-1 ) compared with 12 (3.95 tha1 ) and 15 tha-1 (4.14 tha-1 ) as straw rates respectively. Grain yield declining trend was more pronounced for mineral fertilizer treatments showing twice greater depressive effect of cropping cycle compared with the straw especially, for treatments characterized by highest grain yield in the first cropping season and similar grain yields were recorded for both sources of nutrient in the third cropping cycle. Of slowness of nutrients releasing by straw, highest grain yield was expected for this soil amender within a longer period of cultivation whereas, unbalance soil micronutrients should be relevant to studious declining yield under inorganic fertilizer effect. Nevertheless, the straw rate of 12 tha-1 supplying 0.58% of NPK as mineral fertilizer equivalent can be recommended for sustaining lowland rice production in the studied agro-ecosystems unless for three cropping seasons.

scholarly journals Fruit Ripening, Antioxidants and Oil Composition in Koroneiki Olives (Olea europea L.) at Different Maturity Indices

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Mina Kafkaletou ◽  
Georgia Ouzounidou ◽  
Eleni Tsantili
Keyword(s):  
Oil Quality ◽  
Tocopherol Content ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Maturity Indices ◽  
Peel Color ◽  
Harvest Timing ◽  
Full Production ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Positive Correlations

Harvest timing of oil olives is important for oil quality. Concerning the specific features of each cultivar, physiological and quality characteristics during ripening of Koroneiki olives were investigated in two successive years, A and B, from trees on full production. In A, olives were harvested at maturity indices (MIs) 0.9, 1.4, 2.1 and 4, while in B at MIs 1.1, 3.8 and 6.9. MIs ~1, ~4 and ~7 corresponded to green, red and dark purple peel in olives, respectively. Peel color parameters (L*, h° and C*), respiration and ethylene production rates were evaluated along with phenolic compounds and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in olives of both crop years. Additionally, oil composition and a-tocopherol content were examined in olives harvested in years A and B, respectively. During fruit development, respiration and ethylene productions rates, hydroxytyrosol concentration and linoleic acid increased, while TAC, oleuropein, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, linolenic acid and α-tocopherol values decreased. Positive correlations were found among the attributes determined in both crop years that had a similar course of change during ripening, and vice versa, which could be also related to harvest timing and to quality traits of olive products. At MI ~4, at least all determined variables corresponded to oil of high quality. Practically, an early harvest might result in an olive fruit rich in antioxidants and therefore in oil production of high quality, high stability during storage and long self-life.

scholarly journals Use of Limiting Nutrients for Reclamation of Non-responsive Soils in Northern Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rechiatu Asei ◽  
Robert Clement Abaidoo ◽  
Andrews Opoku ◽  
Samuel Adjei-Nsiah ◽  
Philip Antwi-Agyei
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Complete Solution ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Limiting Nutrients

A better understanding of soil fertility factors that constraint positive crop response to fertilizer inputs will facilitate the improvement of soil nutrient management. In this study, a nutrient omission trial was carried out in a greenhouse condition to identify soil chemical properties limiting in non-responsive soils and to ascertain their effect on soybean (Glycine max) production. The treatments evaluated were control (distilled water), complete nutrient solution (all nutrients), and complete solution with the omission of each of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S and micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, B, and Mo) arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. After the greenhouse study, the identified limiting nutrients were tested with or without FertiSoil (commercial compost) in a 3 year field experiment. Results of the soil analyses showed low fertility status of the non-responsive soils. The sufficiency quotient index revealed non-responsive soils in all the sites to be predominantly limiting in P and K. The occurrence of other limiting nutrients was also identified: Pishegu (Zn, B), Serekpere (Mg, S), Daffiama Saapare (Ca, Mg, S), and Naaga (Mg, S, Zn, B). The nutrient inputs positively influenced soybean yield response in all the locations. The application of PKZnB with FertiSoil and FertiSoil alone significantly increased soybean grain yields by 585 and 477 kg ha−1, respectively, at Pishegu. Soybean grain yields also increased by 585, 573, and 364 kg ha−1 under the FertiSoil, PKMgS + FertiSoil, and PKMgS applications at Serekpere, respectively. At Daffiama Saapare, the highest (103%) percent increase in soybean grain yield was recorded from the combined application of PKMgSCa and FertiSoil. However, the application of FertiSoil and PKMgSCa singly equally increased soybean grain yield by 77%. Percent soybean grain yield increases of 86, 84, and 74% were observed when PKMgSZnB + FertiSoil, PKMgSZnB, and FertiSoil were applied, respectively, at Naaga. In absolute terms, 83% of the fields had a positive response to mineral fertilizer and 93% to FertiSoil and mineral fertilizer + FertiSoil applications. Organic amendment and/or site-specific fertilizer applications are the best options for alleviating poor or no crop responses to inputs and improve productivity on non-responsive soils.

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