scholarly journals Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells Attenuate Adipose Inflammation in Obesity through Adipocyte Browning and Polarization of M2 Macrophages

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Chao Zhang ◽  
Feng Qin ◽  
Xiao-Jun Wang ◽  
Zhi-Fei Liu ◽  
Lin Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Brown Adipocyte ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
M2 Macrophages ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Brown Adipocytes ◽  
Adipose Derived Stromal Cells ◽  
Proinflammatory Responses ◽  
Adipose Inflammation

Obesity is a metabolic condition associated with multiple health problems such as endocrine and metabolic dysfunction and chronic inflammation in adipose tissues. In this study, the ADSCs could be stimulated to differentiate into brown adipocyte with rosiglitazone treatment based on the Oil-Red-O staining trial. Furthermore, the multilocular lipid droplets located in the center was increased in differentiated brown adipocytes, and brown fat-associated proteins, UCP1, PPAR-γ, and LPL were highly expressed in brown adipocytes differentiated from ADSCs. Additionally, the results of animal experiments showed that both weight and amount of VLDL and LDL were decreased in the serum of obese mice after transplantation of rosiglitazone-induced brown adipocytes, while the level of HDL increased. Moreover, the proteins associated with lipid metabolism, LPA and UCP1, were downregulated, and the inflammatory response was suppressed through inhibition of the ITGAM/NF-κB-mediated proinflammatory responses and polarization of M2 macrophages. Similarly, the amounts of proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were decreased after rosiglitazone-induced brown adipocyte transplantation. On the contrary, anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was significantly increased in both groups of obese mice, with or without brown adipocyte transplantation. Therefore, the adipose-derived stromal cells with induced browning could promote lipid consumption and alternative polarization of M2 macrophages to attenuate adipose inflammation in obesity mouse models, which thus provides a potential therapy for obesity.

scholarly journals Cytochrome P450 Epoxygenase Cyp2j13 Regulates Murine Brown Adipogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1639-1639
Author(s):  
Katie Graham ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Ahmed Bettaieb ◽  
Ling Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Adipocyte Differentiation ◽  
Obesity Treatment ◽  
Brown Adipocyte ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Brown Adipocytes ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Brown Adipogenesis

Abstract Objectives Brown adipocytes have emerged as novel targets for obesity treatment and prevention. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases, primarily CYP2J and CYP2C isoforms, produce epoxy fatty acids (EpFAs), which have been suggested to play important roles in the regulation of white adipogenesis and obesity. However, the roles of CYP epoxygenases in brown adipogenesis remain unexplored. In this study, we sought to characterize mRNA expression patterns of Cyp2j and 2c subfamily members during adipogenesis of human and murine brown adipocytes and in obese mice and investigate the impact of modulating the expression of Cyp2j13 on brown adipogenesis. Methods The mRNA expression of various Cyp2j and Cyp2c isoforms were examined throughout murine and human brown adipocyte differentiation and in the brown adipose tissue (BAT) of diet-induced obese and control mice. To induce epoxygenase overexpression, stable transfection of murine brown preadipocytes with either Cyp2j13 or a vector control was performed. Protein and mRNA expression of Cyp2j13 and brown marker genes were analyzed. Results Expression of murine Cyp2j isoforms Cyp2j6, Cyp2j8, Cyp2j9, and Cyp2j13, and the human isoform CYP2J2 consistently decreased throughout brown adipocyte differentiation, while expression of Cyp2c isoforms did not elicit consistent patterns. Moreover, Cyp2j expression in BAT was enhanced in diet-induced obese mice compared to the controls. Due to its high relative abundance and significance, Cyp2j13 was selected for further investigation. Overexpression of Cyp2j13 significantly suppressed murine brown adipocyte differentiation as evaluated by lipid accumulation and brown marker gene UCP1 expression. Conclusions Our results suggest that CYP epoxygenases may play important roles in brown adipogenesis. Cyp2j13, in particular, may be a novel target for brown adipogenesis, and consequently, for obesity treatment and prevention. Further studies using CYP2J inhibitors and Cyp2j13 knockdown are warranted. Funding Sources The work was supported by NIH 1R15DK114790–01A1 (to L.Z.), K99DK100736 and R00DK100736 (to A.B.).

scholarly journals FTO intronic SNP strongly influences human neck adipocyte browning determined by tissue and PPARγ specific regulation: a transcriptome analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beáta B. Tóth ◽  
Rini Arianti ◽  
Abhirup Shaw ◽  
Attila Vámos ◽  
Zoltán Veréb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Brown Adipocytes ◽  
White Adipocytes ◽  
Adipose Derived Stromal Cells ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Remodelling ◽  
Specific Regulation

AbstractBrown adipocytes, abundant in deep-neck (DN) area in humans, are thermogenic with anti-obesity potential. FTO pro-obesity rs1421085 T-to-C SNP shifts differentiation program towards white adipocytes in subcutaneous fat. Human adipose-derived stromal cells were obtained from subcutaneous neck (SC) and DN fat of 9 donors, of which 3-3 carried risk-free (T/T), heterozygous or obesity-risk (C/C) FTO genotypes. They were differentiated to white and brown (long-term PPARγ stimulation) adipocytes, then global RNA sequencing was performed and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were compared. DN and SC progenitors had similar adipocyte differentiation potential but differed in DEGs. DN adipocytes displayed higher browning features according to ProFAT or BATLAS scores and characteristic DEG patterns revealing associated pathways which were highly expressed (thermogenesis, interferon, cytokine, retinoic acid, with UCP1 and BMP4 as prominent network stabilizers) or downregulated (particularly extracellular matrix remodelling) compared to SC ones. Part of DEGs in either DN or SC browning was PPARγ-dependent. Presence of the FTO obesity-risk allele suppressed the expression of mitochondrial and thermogenesis genes with a striking resemblance between affected pathways and those appearing in ProFAT and BATLAS, underlining the importance of metabolic and mitochondrial pathways in thermogenesis. Among overlapping regulatory influences which determine browning and thermogenic potential of neck adipocytes, FTO genetic background has a so far not recognized prominence.

scholarly journals The development of cold-induced thermogenesis and the structure of brown adipocyte mitochondria in genetically-obese (ob/ob) mice

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Hull ◽  
J. Vinter
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Brown Adipocyte ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Brown Adipocytes ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Thermogenic Response ◽  
Subsequent Onset

1. The onset of cold-induced thermogenesis was studied in a strain of mice which produced among their offspring genetically-obese (ob/ob) individuals. A thermogenic response was present in a majority by day 5 after birth.2. The thermogenic response to cold was measured on days 5, 10 or 15 after birth, and the animals reared and the onset of obesity noted. The correlation between the subsequent development of obesity and a poor thermogenic response in early life was low.3. A poor thermogenic response at day 15 was associated with the presence in brown adipocytes of mitochondria with disordered internal structures.4. At day 42 both non-obese and obviously-obese mice showed a similar thermogenic response to moderate cold exposure.5. It would seem that in this strain of mice disordered internal mitochondria1 structure in brown adipose tissue is associated with a poor thermogenic response to cold, but not invariably with the subsequent onset of obesity.

Fluorescent Immortalized Human Adipose Derived Stromal Cells (hASCs-TS/GFP+) for Studying Cell Drug Delivery Mediated by Microvesicles

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Cocce ◽  
Luigi Balducci ◽  
Maria L. Falchetti ◽  
Luisa Pascucci ◽  
Emilio Ciusani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Adipose Derived Stromal Cells

scholarly journals Salidroside promoted osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stromal cells through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-hua Li ◽  
Fu-ling Chen ◽  
Hong-lin Shen
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Western Blot Assay ◽  
Adipose Derived Stromal Cells ◽  
Interfering Rna

Abstract Background Bone disease causes short-term or long-term physical pain and disability. It is necessary to explore new drug for bone-related disease. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of Salidroside in promoting osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs). Methods ADSCs were isolated and treated with different dose of Salidroside. Cell count kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was performed to assess the cell viability of ADSCs. Then, ALP and ARS staining were conducted to assess the early and late osteogenic capacity of ADSCs, respectively. Then, differentially expressed genes were obtained by R software. Then, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of the differentially expressed genes were further analyzed. The expression of OCN, COL1A1, RUNX2, WNT3A, and β-catenin were measured by real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. Last, β-catenin was silenced by small interfering RNA. Results Salidroside significantly increased the ADSCs viability at a dose-response manner. Moreover, Salidroside enhanced osteogenic capacity of ADSCs, which are identified by enhanced ALP activity and calcium deposition. A total of 543 differentially expressed genes were identified between normal and Salidroside-treated ADSCs. Among these differentially expressed genes, 345 genes were upregulated and 198 genes were downregulated. Differentially expressed genes enriched in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Western blot assay indicated that Salidroside enhanced the WNT3A and β-catenin expression. Silencing β-catenin partially reversed the promotion effects of Salidroside. PCR and Western blot results further confirmed these results. Conclusion Salidroside promoted osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

scholarly journals Enhancement of the Antiobesity and Antioxidant Effect of Purple Sweet Potato Extracts and Enhancement of the Effects by Fermentation

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 888
Author(s):  
Seul Gi Lee ◽  
Jongbeom Chae ◽  
Dong Se Kim ◽  
Jung-Bok Lee ◽  
Gi-Seok Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
The Body ◽  
Brown Adipocyte ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
White Adipocytes ◽  
Beige Adipocytes ◽  
Purple Sweet Potato

The browning of white adipocytes, which transforms energy-storing white adipocytes to heat-producing beige adipocytes, is considered a strategy against metabolic diseases. Several dietary compounds, such as anthocyanins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, induce a brown adipocyte-like phenotype in white adipocytes. In this study, we demonstrated that purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) extract (PSP) exhibited potent radical scavenging activity. In addition, PSP was found to contain large amounts of phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin compounds; the amount of these compounds was affected by fermentation. Functionally, PSP-induced adipose browning in high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. The administration of PSP significantly suppressed the body weight gain and abnormal expansion of white adipose tissues in the obese mice. The expression of adipose browning-related genes was higher in the inguinal white adipose tissues from the PSP-treated mice than those in the HFD-fed mice. Moreover, PSP-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes formed multilocular lipid droplets, similar to those formed in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with a browning induction cocktail. The PSP-treated cells had an increased expression level of mitochondria and lipolysis-related genes. The browning effects of PSP were enhanced by fermentation with Lactobacillus. This study, to our knowledge, is the first to identify a new mechanism to increase the antiobesity effects of PSP by inducing adipocyte browning of adipocytes.

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