Acetotrophic Activity Facilitates Methanogenesis from LCFA at Low Temperatures: Screening from Mesophilic Inocula

The inoculum source plays a crucial role in the anaerobic treatment of wastewaters. Lipids are present in various wastewaters and have a high methanogenic potential, but their hydrolysis results in the production of long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) that are inhibitory to anaerobic microorganisms. Screening of inoculum for the anaerobic treatment of LCFA-containing wastewaters has been performed at mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. However, an evaluation of inocula for producing methane from LCFA-containing wastewater has not yet been conducted at low temperatures and needs to be undertaken. In this study, three inocula (one granular sludge and two municipal digester sludges) were assessed for methane production from LCFA-containing synthetic dairy wastewater (SDW) at low temperatures (10 and 20°C). A methane yield (based on mL-CH4/g-CODadded) of 86-65% with acetate and 45-20% with SDW was achieved within 10 days using unacclimated granular sludge, whereas the municipal digester sludges produced methane only at 20°C but not at 10°C even after 200 days of incubation. The acetotrophic activity in the inoculum was found to be crucial for methane production from LCFA at low temperatures, highlighting the role ofMethanosaeta(acetoclastic archaea) at low temperatures. The presence of bacterial taxa from the familySyntrophaceae(Syntrophusand uncultured taxa) in the inoculum was found to be important for methane production from SDW at 10°C. This study suggests the evaluation of acetotrophic activity and the initial microbial community characteristics by high-throughput amplicon sequencing for selecting the inoculum for producing methane at low temperatures (up to 10°C) from lipid-containing wastewaters.

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ACCUMULATION BEHAVIOUR OF ALLANTOIN IN THE UNDERGROUND PHYTOMASS OF THE BORAGINACEAE FAMILY AND ITS ROLE IN ADAPTING THE PLANTS TO ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

South of Russia ecology development ◽

10.18470/1992-1098-2019-1-126-136 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 126-136

Author(s):

A. Ya. Tamakhina ◽

A. A. Akhkubekova ◽

A. B. Ittiev

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Sea Level ◽

Low Temperatures ◽

High Performance ◽

Growing Season ◽

Stress Factors ◽

Adaptation To Stress ◽

Plant Adaptation ◽

The Family

Aim.The aim of the work described herein was to study the dynamics of allantoin accumulation in the underground phytomass ofEchium vulgareL.,Symphytum caucasicumM. Bieb. andS. asperumLepech. as well as to clarify the role of allantoin in plant adaptation to stress factors.Methods.We studied the roots of plants growing in the foothill (Nalchik, 490–512 m above sea level) and the mountain zones of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (Terskol village, 2530 m above sea level; Verkhnyaya Balkaria village, 2680 m above sea level). The roots were collected at the stages of rosetting, flowering, fruiting and at the end of the growing season. Aqueous-alcoholic extracts of shredded roots were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography.Results.The highest content of allantoin in the roots ofEchium vulgare,Symphytum caucasicum,S. asperumplants was noted at the end of the growing season, respectively 0.915; 0.342–0.658; 2,842–3,426%. Under conditions of low temperatures and increased solar radiation, the content of allantoin in the roots increases 1.2–1.9 times as compared with the plants of the foothill zone.Conclusion.Allantoin plays an important role in the process of adapting species of the family Boraginaceae to oxidative stress caused by hypothermia and increased solar radiation.

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Methanogenesis in sediments from deep lakes at different temperatures (2–70°C)

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1997.0575 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 36 (6-7) ◽

pp. 57-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Alla N. Nozhevnikova ◽

C. Holliger ◽

A. Ammann ◽

A. J. B. Zehnder

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Methane Production ◽

Low Temperatures ◽

Main Question ◽

Deep Lakes ◽

Temperature Range ◽

Wide Range ◽

Thermophilic Conditions ◽

Different Temperatures

Methanogenic degradation of organic matter occurs in a wide temperature range from psychrophilic to extreme thermophilic conditions. Mesophilic and thermophilic methanogenesis is relatively well investigated, but little is known about low temperature methanogenesis and psychrophilic methanogenic communities. The aim of the present work was to study methanogenesis in a wide range of temperatures with samples from sediments of deep lakes. These sediments may be considered deposits of different types of microorganisms, which are constantly exposed to low temperatures. The main question was how psychrophilic methanogenic microbial communities compare to mesophilic and thermophilic ones. Methanogenesis in a temperature range of 2–70°C was investigated using sediment samples from Baldegger lake (65 m) and Soppen lake (25 m), Switzerland. Methane production from organic matter of sediments occurred at all temperatures tested. An exponential dependence of methane production rate was found between 2 and 30°C. Methanogenesis occurred even at 70°C. At the same time stable methane production from organic matter of sediments was observed at temperatures below 10°C. Methanogenic microbial communities were enriched at different temperatures. The communities enriched at 4–8°C had the highest activity at low temperatures indicating that a specific psychrophilic community exists. Addition of substrates such as cellulose, volatile fatty acids (butyrate, propionate, acetate), methanol and H2/CO2 stimulated methane production at all temperatures. H2/CO2 as well as methanol were directly converted to methane under thermophilic conditions. At low temperatures these substrates were converted to methane by a two-step process. First acetate was formed, followed by methane production from acetate. When acetate concentrations were high, acetoclastic methanogenesis was inhibited at low temperatures. This reaction appears to be one of the “bottle neck” in psychrophilic methanogenesis.

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From mesophilic to thermophilic conditions: one-step temperature increase improves the methane production of a granular sludge treating agroindustrial effluents

Biotechnology Letters ◽

10.1007/s10529-017-2490-3 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 569-575 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ivonne Figueroa-González ◽

Gloria Moreno ◽

Julián Carrillo-Reyes ◽

Arturo Sánchez ◽

Guillermo Quijano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methane Production ◽

Temperature Increase ◽

Granular Sludge ◽

Thermophilic Conditions ◽

One Step

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A Simple Microbiome in the European Common Cuttlefish,Sepia officinalis

mSystems ◽

10.1128/msystems.00177-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Holly L. Lutz ◽

S. Tabita Ramírez-Puebla ◽

Lisa Abbo ◽

Amber Durand ◽

Cathleen Schlundt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Digestive Tract ◽

Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Sepia Officinalis ◽

Content Type ◽

16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽

The Family ◽

In Captivity ◽

Small Clusters ◽

Discrete Layer

ABSTRACTThe European common cuttlefish,Sepia officinalis, is used extensively in biological and biomedical research, yet its microbiome remains poorly characterized. We analyzed the microbiota of the digestive tract, gills, and skin in mariculture-raisedS. officinalisusing a combination of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, quantitative PCR (qPCR), and fluorescence spectral imaging. Sequencing revealed a highly simplified microbiota consisting largely of two single bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) ofVibrionaceaeandPiscirickettsiaceae. The esophagus was dominated by a single ASV of the genusVibrio. Imaging revealed bacteria in the familyVibrionaceaedistributed in a discrete layer that lines the esophagus. ThisVibriowas also the primary ASV found in the microbiota of the stomach, cecum, and intestine, but occurred at lower abundance, as determined by qPCR, and was found only scattered in the lumen rather than in a discrete layer via imaging analysis. Treatment of animals with the commonly used antibiotic enrofloxacin led to a nearly 80% reduction of the dominantVibrioASV in the esophagus but did not significantly alter the relative abundance of bacteria overall between treated versus control animals. Data from the gills were dominated by a single ASV in the familyPiscirickettsiaceae, which imaging visualized as small clusters of cells. We conclude that bacteria belonging to theGammaproteobacteriaare the major symbionts of the cuttlefishSepia officinaliscultured from eggs in captivity and that the esophagus and gills are major colonization sites.IMPORTANCEMicrobes can play critical roles in the physiology of their animal hosts, as evidenced in cephalopods by the role ofVibrio(Aliivibrio)fischeriin the light organ of the bobtail squid and the role ofAlpha- andGammaproteobacteriain the reproductive system and egg defense in a variety of cephalopods. We sampled the cuttlefish microbiome throughout the digestive tract, gills, and skin and found dense colonization of an unexpected site, the esophagus, by a microbe of the genusVibrio, as well as colonization of gills byPiscirickettsiaceae. This finding expands the range of organisms and body sites known to be associated withVibrioand is of potential significance for understanding host-symbiont associations, as well as for understanding and maintaining the health of cephalopods in mariculture.

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A simple microbiome in the European common cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis

10.1101/440677 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Holly L. Lutz ◽

S. Tabita Ramírez-Puebla ◽

Lisa Abbo ◽

Amber Durand ◽

Cathleen Schlundt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Digestive Tract ◽

Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Sepia Officinalis ◽

16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽

The Family ◽

In Captivity ◽

Aliivibrio Fischeri ◽

Small Clusters ◽

Discrete Layer

ABSTRACTThe European common cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis, is used extensively in biological and biomedical research yet its microbiome remains poorly characterized. We analyzed the microbiota of the digestive tract, gills, and skin in mariculture-raised S. officinalis using a combination of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, qPCR and fluorescence spectral imaging. Sequencing revealed a highly simplified microbiota consisting largely of two single bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) of Vibrionaceae and Piscirickettsiaceae. The esophagus was dominated by a single ASV of the genus Vibrio. Imaging revealed bacteria in the family Vibrionaceae distributed in a discrete layer that lines the esophagus. This Vibrio was also the primary ASV found in the microbiota of the stomach, cecum, and intestine, but occurred at lower abundance as determined by qPCR and was found only scattered in the lumen rather than in a discrete layer via imaging analysis. Treatment of animals with the commonly-used antibiotic enrofloxacin led to a nearly 80% reduction of the dominant Vibrio ASV in the esophagus but did not significantly alter the relative abundance of bacteria overall between treated versus control animals. Data from the gills was dominated by a single ASV in the family Piscirickettsiaceae, which imaging visualized as small clusters of cells. We conclude that bacteria belonging to the Gammaproteobacteria are the major symbionts of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis cultured from eggs in captivity, and that the esophagus and gills are major colonization sites.IMPORTANCEMicrobes can play critical roles in the physiology of their animal hosts, as evidenced in cephalopods by the role of Vibrio (Aliivibrio) fischeri in the light organ of the bobtail squid and the role of Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria in the reproductive system and egg defense in a variety of cephalopods. We sampled the cuttlefish microbiome throughout the digestive tract, gills, and skin and found dense colonization of an unexpected site, the esophagus, by a microbe of the genus Vibrio, as well as colonization of gills by Piscirickettsiaceae. This finding expands the range of organisms and body sites known to be associated with Vibrio and is of potential significance for understanding host-symbiont associations as well as for understanding and maintaining the health of cephalopods in mariculture.

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Anaerobic Treatment of Synthetic Sulfate-Containing Wastewater under Thermophilic Conditions

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1992.0151 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 25 (7) ◽

pp. 193-202 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

A. Visser ◽

Y. Gao ◽

G. Lettinga

Keyword(s):

Waste Water ◽

Steady State ◽

Methane Production ◽

Anaerobic Treatment ◽

Uasb Reactor ◽

Methanogenic Activity ◽

Sulfate Reducers ◽

Activity Measurements ◽

Thermophilic Conditions ◽

Temperature Optima

The anaerobic treatment of a sulfate-containing waste water using a UASB reactor was studied at 55 °C. As substrate, acetate and a mixture of acetate, propionate and butyrate were used. With acetate as substrate it was shown that sulfate reducers are capable of using acetate as substrate at 55 °C, and that, under the conditions applied, they even outcompete acetoclastic methanogens. Batch-activity measurements with the sludge revealed temperature optima for acetate, propionate and butyrate degradation of ± 56-59, < 40 and 52-54 °C respectively. After switching the substrate to a mixture of acetate, propionate and butyrate, the reactor pH dropped from 8.3-8.6 to 7.6-7.9 and the methane production recovered. After the establishment of a pseudo-steady state situation the part of COD removed by methane production and sulfate reduction was ± 60 and 40 %. Results of batch activity experiments showed that the methanogenic activity dropped sharply at pH ≥ 8 and ≤ 6 causing a predominance of sulfate reducers at pH ≥ 8.

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High-Rate Anaerobic Treatment of Wastewater at Low Temperatures

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.65.4.1696-1702.1999 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

pp. 1696-1702 ◽

Cited By ~ 92

Author(s):

Gatze Lettinga ◽

Salih Rebac ◽

Sofia Parshina ◽

Alla Nozhevnikova ◽

Jules B. van Lier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Temperatures ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Granular Sludge ◽

Anaerobic Treatment ◽

High Rate ◽

Degradation Rates ◽

In Series ◽

Propionate Oxidation ◽

Stage System ◽

Specific Degradation

ABSTRACT Anaerobic treatment of a volatile fatty acid (VFA) mixture was investigated under psychrophilic (3 to 8°C) conditions in two laboratory-scale expanded granular sludge bed reactor stages in series. The reactor system was seeded with mesophilic methanogenic granular sludge and fed with a mixture of VFAs. Good removal of fatty acids was achieved in the two-stage system. Relative high levels of propionate were present in the effluent of the first stage, but propionate was efficiently removed in the second stage, where a low hydrogen partial pressure and a low acetate concentration were advantageous for propionate oxidation. The specific VFA-degrading activities of the sludge in each of the modules doubled during system operation for 150 days, indicating a good enrichment of methanogens and proton-reducing acetogenic bacteria at such low temperatures. The specific degradation rates of butyrate, propionate, and the VFA mixture amounted to 0.139, 0.110, and 0.214 g of chemical oxygen demand g of volatile suspended solids−1 day−1, respectively. The biomass which was obtained after 1.5 years still had a temperature optimum of between 30 and 40°C.

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