scholarly journals Growth of Zinc Oxide Nanorods with the Thickness of Less than or Equal to 1 μm through Zinc Acetate or Zinc Nitrate for Perovskite Solar Cell Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albertus Bramantyo ◽  
Kenji Murakami ◽  
Masayuki Okuya ◽  
Arief Udhiarto ◽  
Nji Raden Poespawati
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Zinc Acetate ◽  
Seed Layer ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Zinc Nitrate ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanorods ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Nitrate Hexahydrate ◽  
Cbd Method ◽  
Zinc Sources

Arrays of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod (NR) were fabricated in a vertical axis direction through the two-step method of seed layer’s deposition and growth of the NR. The seed layer was applied by spin coating with a three-time repetition (n) and rotational speed (v) at 3000 rpm. After the seed layer had grown, ZnO NRs were grown with a growth solution made by combining one zinc source with one hydroxide source. There were two different zinc sources, i.e., zinc acetate dehydrate and zinc nitrate hexahydrate and, for comparison, zinc acetate (ZA) and zinc nitrate (ZN) were each combined with the same hydroxide source, hexamethylenetetramine (HMT). Later, the growth solutions were processed by the chemical bath deposition (CBD) method using a waterbath machine. The CBD method was started at room temperature until it reached the designated temperature at 85°C. At that point, the growth time was calculated from the zero-minute condition. It was found that ZnO NRs had already grown at a thickness of about 100 nm for both ZA and ZN sources. The growth time varied at 15, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after the zero-minute point. By using two separate and independent zinc sources while growing ZnO NRs at various growth periods, several ZnO NRs’ thicknesses were controlled. According to a paper by Lee et al., the lower thickness of ZnO NRs boosted the charge transfer properties of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) because the series resistance between ZnO/perovskite interfaces was lessened. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were observed to analyze the morphological shape of the ZnO NRs. X-ray diffraction (XRD) profiles were characterized to obtain the data for ZnO NR crystallinity. Full width at half maximum (FWHM) analysis was performed at the (002) ZnO peak to calculate the crystal size of the peak. From the results, the smallest crystallite sizes for ZnO NRs grown from ZA and ZN sources were 10.70 nm and 19.29 nm, respectively, which would be the most suitable condition for PSC application.

Growth Behaviour of ZnO on Si (100) and Platinum Coated Glass Substrate from Aqueous Solution

2010 ◽  
Vol 97-101 ◽  
pp. 1550-1553 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Bakar ◽  
Muhammad Azmi Abd Hamid ◽  
A. Jalar
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Glass Substrate ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Zno Nanorods ◽  
Zinc Nitrate ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanorods ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Nitrate Hexahydrate ◽  
Coated Glass Substrate ◽  
Coated Glass

Zinc oxide nanorods were grown on Si (100) and Platinum coated glass substrate by the aqueous chemical growth (ACG) in aqueous solution that contained zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn(NO3)2•6H20) and hexamethylenetetramine (C6H12N4). The obtained ZnO nanorods are uniformly distributed on the Platinum coated glass substrate surface from 1.5 h to 3 h growth time. Branched hexagonal rods were also found growth on these uniform nanorods. Branched hexagonal rods were found on Si (100) from 2 h to 3 h growth time. A small number of flower-like structures compared to the majority oval type structure suggest that secondary nucleation had occurred during the process of growth. All of the high intensity peaks, including the strong (101) peak, are assigned to wurtzite ZnO hexagonal indicating that the product is pure ZnO. The results found in this study revealed that the type substrate plays a role in determining the surface morphology of ZnO growth.

Effect of Polyethylene Glycol Concentration on the Formation of Aluminium-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanorods

2015 ◽  
Vol 1109 ◽  
pp. 471-475
Author(s):  
Ahmad Syakirin Ismail ◽  
Mohd Firdaus Malek ◽  
Muhammad Amir Ridhwan Abdullah ◽  
Mohamad Hafiz Mamat ◽  
Mohamad Rusop
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Zno Nanorods ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Zinc Nitrate ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanorods ◽  
Nitrate Hexahydrate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Percentage Weight

Aluminium (Al) - doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods with different weight percent (wt%) of polyethylene glycol (PEG) has been deposited on glass substrate. The concentrations of PEG have been varied from 0 wt %, 15 wt % and 30 wt %. The percentage weight of the PEG is the ratio between PEG mass to the hexamethyltetramine (HMT) and zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn (NO3).6H2O) mass. The structural properties of the samples have been characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrical properties has been characterized using current voltage (I-V) measurement. The analyses showed that PEG addition have reduced the crystallinity and conductivity of the samples.

EFFECT OF PRE-HEATING AND SEED LAYER ON HYDROTHERMAL GROWTH AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF ZINC OXIDE NANORODS

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (04n05) ◽  
pp. 845-849
Author(s):  
GAURAV SHUKLA ◽  
ALIKA KHARE
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Seed Layer ◽  
Zno Nanorods ◽  
Pulsed Laser ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Hydrothermal Growth ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanorods ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Oxide Nanorods ◽  
Reported Effect

Hydrothermal growth of highly c-axis oriented ZnO nanorods with high aspect ratio on pulsed laser deposited ZnO seed layer is reported. Effect of pre-heating time, growth time and seed layer on the structural, morphological and optical properties of ZnO nanorods is presented. The possible growth mechanism for ZnO nanorods is also discussed.

Microwave Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles for Enhanced Oil Recovery

2014 ◽  
Vol 1024 ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Sahban Alnarabiji ◽  
Noorhana Yahya ◽  
Sharifa Bee Abd Hamid ◽  
Khairun Azizi Azizli ◽  
Afza Shafie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Zinc Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Hexahydrate ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Nanoparticle Morphology ◽  
Original Oil In Place

Synthesising zinc oxide nanoparticles to get certain specific characteristics to be applied in Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is still challenging to date. In this work, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were synthesised using the sol-gel method by dissolving zinc nitrate hexahydrate in nitric acid. The ZnO crystal and particles morphology and structure were determined using X-ray Diffractometer (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). In this study, a microwave oven was used for annealing ZnO without insulating a sample in any casket. The results show that 30 and 40 minutes of annealing and stirring for 1 hour influenced the morphology and size of zinc oxide particles in nanoscale. These parameters could be tailored to generate a range of nanoparticle morphology (agglomerated nanoparticles in a corn-like morphology), a crystal size with the mean size of 70.5 and 74.9 nm and a main growth at the peak [10. EOR experiment were conducted by dispersing 0.10 wt% ZnO NPs in distilled water to form a ZnO nanofluid. Then the fluid was injected into the medium in the 3rd stage of the oil recovery to present EOR stage. It was found that ZnO nanofluid has the ability to extract 8% of the original oil in place (OOIP).

Characterization of Urea versus HMTA in the Preparation of Zinc Oxide Nanostructures by Solution-Immersion Method Grown on Gold-Seeded Silicon Substrate

2011 ◽  
Vol 364 ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azlinda Ab Azlinda ◽  
Zuraida Khusaimi ◽  
Saifollah Abdullah ◽  
Mohamad Rusop
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Silicon Substrate ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Zinc Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Hexahydrate ◽  
Zno Nanostructures ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanostructures ◽  
Immersion Method ◽  
Oxide Nanostructures

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures prepared by immersion method were successfully grown on gold-seeded silicon substrate using Zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn (NO3)2.6H2O) as a precursor, separately stabilized with non-toxic urea (CH4N2O) and hexamethylene tetraamine (HMTA). The effect of changing the stabilizer of ZnO solution on the crystal structure, morphology and photoluminescence properties of the resultant ZnO is investigated. X-ray diffraction of the synthesized ZnO shows hexagonal zincite structure. The morphology of the ZnO was characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). The growth of ZnO using urea as stabilizer shows clusters of ZnO nanoflower with serrated broad petals were interestingly formed. ZnO in HMTA showed growth of nanorods. The structures has high surface area, is a potential metal oxide nanostructures to be develop for optoelectronic devices and chemical sensors. The formation of ZnO nanostructures is found to be significantly affected by the stabilizer.

Effect of fuel content on luminescence and antibacterial properties of zinc oxide nanocrystalline powders synthesized by the combustion method

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (100) ◽  
pp. 97770-97782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trilok K. Pathak ◽  
Ashwini Kumar ◽  
C. W. Swart ◽  
H. C. Swart ◽  
R. E. Kroon
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
Zinc Nitrate ◽  
Zinc Nitrate Hexahydrate ◽  
Nanocrystalline Powders ◽  
Nitrate Hexahydrate ◽  
Citric Acid Monohydrate ◽  
Zno Powders

Nanoscale ZnO powders were synthesized via the combustion method using zinc nitrate hexahydrate as the source (oxidant) material and urea, and glycine or citric acid monohydrate as fuels.

Fabrication of Zinc Oxide Nanorods for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Application

2016 ◽  
Vol 675-676 ◽  
pp. 117-120
Author(s):  
Poosuda Phetban ◽  
Narathon Khemasiri ◽  
Sukon Kalasung ◽  
Sukukittaya Jessadaluk ◽  
Mati Horprathum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Zinc Nitrate ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting ◽  
Precursor Concentration ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanorods ◽  
Oxide Nanorods ◽  
Zno Crystal ◽  
Xrd Patterns

Abstract. Zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO-NRs) as a photoelectrochemical water splitting electrode have been fabricated by the seed-assisted hydrothermal process. Initially, ZnO-seed thin film was deposited on indium doped tin oxide (ITO) via DC magnetron sputtering system. Period to fabricate ZnO-NRs, the precursor concentration of zinc nitrate (Zn(NO3)2) and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) were precisely controlled during 10 – 50 mM, meanwhile the ratio was constantly kept at 1:1. The crystallography and surface morphology of the fabricated ZnO-NRs were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The XRD patterns perform wurtzite ZnO crystal structure of with the prefered orientation in (002) and (101) plane. According to FE-SEM photograph, growth rate, density and diameter of the fabricated ZnO-NRs electrode significantly increase, with the increasing of the precursor concentration. This precursor concentration provides a crucial role on the feature of ZnO-NRs for photoelectrochemical water splitting electrode. Finally, the photoelectrochemical water splitting performance was examined and provided that the precursor concentration became close to 30 mM in 1 M Na2SO4 exhibited the highest photocurrent.

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