scholarly journals Secure and Smartphone-Assisted Reprogramming for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Visible Light Communication

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jiefan Qiu ◽  
Chenglin Li ◽  
YueRan Li
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Visible Light Communication ◽  
Data Encryption ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Pulse Interval ◽  
Physical Level ◽  
Commercial Off The Shelf ◽  
Function Similarity ◽  
The Cost

During the period of over-the-air reprogramming, sensor nodes are easy to eavesdrop and even controlled by unauthorized person. That reminds us that security is key issue for over-the-air reprogramming. Most of previous studies discussed this problem from the aspect of data encryption, but give little consideration to the physical level. In this paper, we attempt to improve the security of reprogramming by changing the physical-level communication mode. We apply unidirectional Visible Light Communication (VLC) to the over-the-air reprogramming and use Commercial Off-The-Shelf device such as smartphone and sensor node to improve applicability. However, the unstable light source and low-cost light sensor make the procedure of reprogramming difficult. For this end, we put forward a novel reprogramming approach named ReVLC, which is twofold: firstly, we design a code block mechanism based on function similarity to reduce transmitting code. Secondly, we use compressing representation to optimize the Dual Header-Pulse Interval Modulation (DH-PIM) to save transmission time. The experiment results illustrate the effectiveness of ReVLC at the cost of extra 49.1% energy overhead compared with a traditional reprogramming approach.

scholarly journals Research on Secure Debugging Interaction of Sensor Nodes Based on Visible Light Communication

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanchu Yin ◽  
Jiefan Qiu ◽  
Zhiqiang Li ◽  
Mingsheng Cao
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Channel Coding ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Source Coding ◽  
Visible Light Communication ◽  
Propagation Characteristic ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Pulse Interval ◽  
Inaccessible Area

When a wireless sensor node’s wireless communication fails after being deployed in an inaccessible area, the lost node cannot be repaired through a debugging interaction that relies on that communication. Visible light communication (VLC) as a supplement of radio wave communication can improve the transmission security at the physical layer due to its unidirectional propagation characteristic. Therefore, we implemented a VLC-based hybrid communication debugging system (HCDS) based on VLC using smartphone and sensor node. For the system’s downlink, the smartphone is taken as the VLC gateway and sends the debugging codes to the sensor node by the flashlight. To improve the transmission efficiency of the downlink, we also propose a new coding method for source coding and channel coding, respectively. For the source coding, we analyze the binary instructions and compress the operands using bitmask techniques. The average compression rate of the binary structure reaches 84.11%. For the channel coding, we optimize dual-header pulse interval (DH-PIM) and propose overlapped DH-PIM (ODH-PIM) by introducing a flashlight half-on state. The flashlight half-on state can improve the representation capability of individual symbols. For the uplink of HCDS, we use the onboard LED of the sensor node to transmit feedback debugging information to the smartphone. At the same time, we design a novel encoding format of DH-PIM to optimize uplink transmission. Experimental results show that the optimized uplink transmission time and BER are reduced by 10.71% and 22%, compared with the original DH-PIM.

Basic Concepts of Wireless Sensor Networks

2011 ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Lina M. Pestana Leão de Brito ◽  
Laura M. Rodríguez Peralta
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Distributed Sensor Networks ◽  
Distributed Sensor ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Communication Equipment

As with many technologies, defense applications have been a driver for research in sensor networks, which started around 1980 due to two important programs of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA): the distributed sensor networks (DSN) and the sensor information technology (SensIT) (Chong & Kumar, 2003). However, the development of sensor networks requires advances in several areas: sensing, communication, and computing. The explosive growth of the personal communications market has driven the cost of radio devices down and has increased the quality. At the same time, technological advances in wireless communications and electronic devices (such as low-cost, low-power, small, simple yet efficient wireless communication equipment) have enabled the manufacturing of sensor nodes and, consequently, the development of wireless sensor networks (WSNs).

scholarly journals Design and Implementation of a Monitoring System using Optical Camera Communication for a Smart Factory

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 5103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Cong Hoan ◽  
Nguyen Van Hoa ◽  
Vu Thanh Luan ◽  
Yeong Min Jang
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Visible Light Communication ◽  
Modulation Scheme ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
Effects On Children ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
Optical Camera Communication

Wireless technologies that are based on radio frequencies are currently widely used, with numerous applications around the world. However, they pose some disadvantages to human health. High frequencies can have potentially harmful effects on children, hospital patients, and even healthy people if the signal power exceeds the permitted standard. Conversely, the use of visible light for data transmission is a trend that presents new options, including optical wireless communication, optical camera communication, and visible light communication. This paper proposes a modulation scheme based on on-off keying in the time domain, which is applied to a monitoring system using optical camera communication. This scheme has various compatible supports for the global-shutter camera and rolling-shutter camera, which are popular commercially available cameras. Furthermore, this scheme facilitates a low-cost monitoring system. By using small light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and controlling the exposure time in a single camera, the camera, as a receiver, can simultaneously detect signals from up to 10 sensor devices in different positions at a maximum distance of up to 50 m, with a low error rate.

An Integrated High-Speed Full Duplex Coherent OFDM-PON and Visible-Light Communication System

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simarpreet Kaur ◽  
Mahendra Kumar ◽  
Ashu Verma
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Optical Networks ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dispersion Compensation ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Visible Light Communication ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Full Duplex

AbstractWe demonstrated a full duplex hybrid passive optical network and indoor optical wireless system employing coherent optical frequency division multiplexing. To accomplish reliable transmission in passive optical networks integrated visible-light communication (VLC), yellow light-emitting diode and infrared LED is used in downstream and upstream, respectively, for intra building network. In order to support high data rate, pulse-width reduction scheme based on dispersion compensation fiber is incorporated and system successfully covered the distance of 50 km. A data stream at the rate of 30 Gb/s is transmitted for each user out of eight users. VLC-supported users are catered with the bit rate of 1.87 Gb/s over 150 cm and in order to realize a low-cost system, visible and infrared LEDs are used in downlink and uplink, respectively.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of optical attocells configuration in an indoor visible light communication

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 668 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. M. Gismalla ◽  
M.F. L. Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Visible Light Communication ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Configuration Model ◽  
Received Power ◽  
Small Base

Visible light communication VLC is deemed as futuristic technology applied for both illumination and data communication due to the low-cost energy consumption, long life expectancy, huge bandwidth, and high security compared to radio frequency RF. Uncovered area, minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and received power results from the non-uniform distribution of small base stations (i.e. Optical attocells) in the room. In this paper, the researchers propose a new LEDs distribution of five optical attocells configuration model in order to optimize the received power distribution and SNR at the center of the room for indoor VLC system. The optical attocells configuration in terms of received power to fill the uncovered area at the center of the room has been investigated. The simulation results showed that the proposed attocells configuration saved 24.9% of the transmitted power. Besides that, the whole room was covered uniformly.  As a result, the received power and SNR are improved.

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