scholarly journals Optimal Location of Biogas Plants in Supply Chains under Carbon Effects: Insight from a Case Study on Animal Manure in North Dakota

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Shin Park ◽  
Joseph Szmerekovsky ◽  
Alan Dybing
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
North Dakota ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Animal Waste ◽  
The Impact

Faced with increasing concerns over the negative environmental impact due to human and industrial activities, biomass industry practitioners and policy makers have great interest in green supply chains to reduce carbon emissions from supply chain activities. There are many studies which model the biomass supply chain and its environmental impact. However, animal waste sourced biogas supply chain has not received much attention in the literature. Biogas from animal manure not only provides energy efficiency, but also minimizes carbon emissions compared to existing biomass products. Therefore, this study proposes a mixed integer linear program that minimizes total supply costs and carbon emissions from an animal waste sourced biogas supply chain while it also incorporates carbon price in the model to see the impact of a carbon policy on tactical and strategic supply chain decisions. To validate the model proposed, a case study of North Dakota is adopted where there is a high potential for a biogas plant to be developed. The results of our optimization experiment indicate that supply chain performance in terms of both costs and emissions is very sensitive to a carbon pricing mechanism.

Integrated Multimodal Transportation Model for a Switchgrass-Based Bioethanol Supply Chain: Case Study in North Dakota

2017 ◽  
Vol 2628 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Shin Park ◽  
Joseph Szmerekovsky ◽  
Atif Osmani ◽  
N. Muhammad Aslaam
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
North Dakota ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Multimodal Transport ◽  
The Impact

In this study, a mixed integer linear programming model that integrates multimodal transport—truck and rail—into the switchgrass-based bioethanol supply chain was formulated. The objective of this study was to minimize the total cost for cultivation and harvesting, infrastructure, the storage process, bioethanol production, and transportation. Strategic decisions, including the number and location of intermodal facilities and biorefineries, and tactical decisions, such as the amount of biomass shipped, processed, and converted into bioethanol, were validated by using North Dakota as a case study. It was found that the multimodal transport scenario was more cost effective than a single mode of transport (truck) and resulted in a lower cost for bioethanol. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to demonstrate the impact of key factors in the decision to use multimodal transport in a switchgrass-based bioethanol supply chain and on the cost of bioethanol.

scholarly journals Benchmarking Procurement Cost Saving Strategies for Wood Supply Chains

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1086
Author(s):  
Christoph Kogler ◽  
Sophie Schimpfhuber ◽  
Clemens Eichberger ◽  
Peter Rauch
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Cost Saving ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Cost Optimization ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Wood Supply ◽  
Round Wood ◽  
Wood Procurement ◽  
Wood Transport

Intense international competition pushes the actors of wood supply chains to implement efficient wood supply chain management incorporating coordinated cost-saving strategies to remain competitive. In order to observe the effects of individual and coordinated decision making, mixed-integer programming models for forestry, round-wood transport, and the wood-based industry were developed and integrated. The models deal with operational planning issues regarding production, harvest, and transport and are solved sequentially for individual cost optimization of each wood supply chain actor as well as simultaneously by a combined model representing joint cost optimization in an integrated wood supply chain. This allows for the first time, benchmarking relative cost-saving potential of the wood procurement strategies coordinated transports, integrated supply chains, satellite stockyards, and higher truck payloads within a single case study setting. Based on case study data from southern Austria, results show the advantages of an integrated supply chain with a cost-saving potential of up to 24%. Higher truck payloads reinforce this potential and enable up to 40% savings compared to the predominant wood procurement situation in Central Europe. Wood supply chain integration for Central European circumstances seems to be feasible only for a limited consortium of a few companies, for example when restricted to a wood-buying syndicate supplying several industry plants or a few large forest enterprises, especially as both groups are commonly steering wood transport on their own. Consequently, further research on the challenging task of implementing integrated supply chains using the opportunities of digitalization to realize existing cost savings potential by deepening cooperation and intensifying information exchange is needed.

scholarly journals Supply Chain Disruptions Due to Pandemic- A Case Study Paper on the Recent Pandemic Covid 19

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 1416-1421
Author(s):  
Archana M S ◽  
Kavya C ◽  
Prathiksha B
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Supply Chain System ◽  
Supply Chain Disruptions ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
The Impact

Be it agriculture, manufacturing or production of energy, all are a part of supply and demand mechanics controlling freights and container ships, bringing the world’s industry together leading to globalization of economy. The world’s food, products were transported by the shipping industry with supply chain as its core. 94% of the Fortune 500 companies are seeing covid 19 supply chain disruptions as per 2020 Forbes report. Supply chains of today are very intricate and interconnected; disruption at one part can spread in an unpredicted manner. This paper helps the reader analyze various supply chain models and the impact of disruptions caused by the pandemic. At first, it discusses supply chain management and its risks due to pandemics. It then, discusses a case study of Unilever restructuring its supply chain system. The paper also suggests a methodology for supply chain management during pandemic. The outcomes and insights of this paper can be used by decision makers for risk management in supply chains and leads a step for future research.

scholarly journals Benchmarking carbon emissions performance in supply chains

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adolf Acquaye ◽  
Andrea Genovese ◽  
John Barrett ◽  
S.C. Lenny Koh
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Industry Level

Purpose – The paper aims to develop a benchmarking framework to address issues such as supply chain complexity and visibility, geographical differences and non-standardized data, ensuring that the entire supply chain environmental impact (in terms of carbon) and resource use for all tiers, including domestic and import flows, are evaluated. Benchmarking has become an important issue in supply chain management practice. However, challenges such as supply chain complexity and visibility, geographical differences and non-standardized data have limited the development of approaches for evaluating performances of product supply chains. This industry-level benchmarking approach ensures that individual firms can compare their carbon emissions against other similarly structured firms. Design/methodology/approach – Benchmarking has become an important issue in supply chain management practice. However, challenges such as supply chain complexity and visibility, geographical differences and non-standardized data have limited the development of approaches for evaluating performances of product supply chains. The paper aims to develop a benchmarking framework to address these issues, ensuring that the entire supply chain environmental impact (in terms of carbon) and resource use for all tiers, including domestic and import flows, are evaluated. This industry-level benchmarking approach ensures that individual firms can compare their carbon emissions against other similarly structured firms. Findings – Supply chain carbon maps are developed as a means of producing industry-level benchmarks to set a measure for the environmental sustainability of product supply chains. The industry-level benchmark provides the first step for firms to manage the environmental performance, identify and target high carbon emission hot-spots and for cross-sectorial benchmarking. Originality/value – The paper links the theoretical development of supply chain environmental system based on the Multi-Regional Input–Output model to the innovative development of supply chain carbon maps, such that an industry-level benchmarking framework is produced as a means of setting product supply chain carbon emissions benchmarks.

The Economics of Biomass Logistics and Conversion Facility Mobility: An Oregon Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael David Berry ◽  
John Sessions
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Modular System ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Biomass Availability ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. This article presents an analysis of transportable biomass conversion facilities to evaluate the conceptual and economic viability of a highly mobile and modular biomass conversion supply chain in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The goal of this work is to support a broader effort to more effectively and sustainably use residual biomass from commercial harvesting operations that are currently piled and burned as part of site preparation. A structural representation is first developed to include sources of biomass feedstock, distributed preprocessing hubs (centralized landings), and centralized processing facilities (biomass to product conversion sites) to produce desired products and byproducts. A facility costing model was developed to evaluate potential economics of scale, which then informed the optimization study. A mixed integer linear programming model was developed to characterize, evaluate, and optimize biomass collection, extraction, logistics, and facility placement over a regional landscape from a strategic level to evaluate the mobility concept. The objective was to minimize supply chain operational costs in order to quantify financial advantages and identify challenges of the proposed system modularity and mobility. A Lakeview, Oregon case study was evaluated with an assumed modular biochar facility servicing the region. In particular, we review economies of scale, mobility, energy costs, and biomass availability tradeoffs. This analysis points towards a modular system design of movement frequency between 1 to 2 years being most viable in the conditions evaluated. It was found that the impact of plant movement, scale, and biomass availability can increase supply chain costs by $11/BDMT ($10/BDT), $33/BDMT ($30/BDT), and $22/BDMT ($20/BDT) above the base case cost of $182/BDMT ($165/BDT) for a large-scale facility [45,000 BDMT yr-1(50,000 BDT yr-1)]in the conditions evaluated. Additionally, potential energy cost savings of a non-mobile modular stationary site as compared to one which utilizes off-grid electrical powers about $11/BDMT ($10/BDT) for a biochar facility. From the cases evaluated, a large-scale plant with limited mobility would be preferred under low availability of biomass conditions, whereas a stationary grid-connected plant would be more cost effective under higher availability conditions. Results depend greatly on the region, assumed harvest schedule, biomass composition, and governing biomass plant assumptions. Keywords: Biomass products, Biomass supply, Facility location, Mixed integer programming, Strategic planning, Transportable plants.

scholarly journals Evolution of the migratory supply chain model

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 603-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Potter ◽  
Denis R Towill ◽  
Martin Christopher
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Original Work ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Supply Chain Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to reflect upon the impact of the original work and provide an updated model to reflect the changing environment for supply chains. In 2000, a migratory model for supply chain evolution was proposed. Design/methodology/approach – The authors start by analysing the content of the papers that have cited the original Christopher and Towill (2000) paper. The development of an updated migratory model is informed by the findings from this, and then demonstrated through a case study of the book supply chain. Findings – Despite being the major contribution, the majority of citing papers actually use other parts of the original work, and some potential reasons for this are proposed. An extra stage is added to the migratory model, reflecting a customer centric strategy. Research limitations/implications – Given that the migratory model appears under-researched, the authors identify this as an opportunity for future research and suggest that methods less common in supply chain management are used. Practical implications – The updated migratory model can be used by supply chain managers to develop appropriate supply chain strategies for their organisations, while emphasising that many of the underlying tools to enable this reflect traditional industrial engineering approaches. Originality/value – The updated migratory model represents a new contribution to understanding the evolution of supply chains.

Exploring vulnerability and resilience of shipping for coastal communities during disruptions: findings from a case study of Vancouver Island in Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samsul Islam ◽  
Floris Goerlandt ◽  
Mohammad Jasim Uddin ◽  
Yangyan Shi ◽  
Noorul Shaiful Fitri Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis study aims to improve understanding of how coastal maritime transport system of Vancouver Island would be disrupted in disaster events, and the strategies could be used to address such risks. Any transport disruption at the maritime leg of the supply chain can affect the needs of vulnerable residents and thus, the supply of many goods to coastal communities.Design/methodology/approachThis case study focuses on the disruption that can be expected to occur for ferries that serves coastal communities of Vancouver Island in Canada. A landslide scenario in the Fraser River (which connects coastal communities) is developed, and interviews and focus groups are used to gain understanding of the vulnerability and resilience of shipping.FindingsThe findings show that the maritime leg of the supply chain for the coastal communities of Vancouver Island is resilient to a landslide disruption of ferries. Besides, there would be no impact on the operability of tugs and barges. This study also offers suggestions for creating the conditions for increasing resilience of maritime supply chains to any such disruption.Research limitations/implicationsA research gap exists with respect to minimizing disruption in maritime supply chains, mainly in regard to lessening the impact on the vulnerable residents of coastal communities. This study contributes to filling this gap in the literature.Practical implicationsThe findings have significant implications for maritime service providers and for people working on disaster preparedness, emergency response and recovery.Originality/valueStudies which focus on alleviating the impact of disruptions in the maritime supply chains and the mitigation strategies for coastal communities are scarce in the literature.

scholarly journals Sustainable reverse logistic network design for End-of-Life Use-Case Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUNA CINAR
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Reverse Logistics ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Logistics System ◽  
Reverse Logistic ◽  
The Impact

Due to the increased interests in environmental issues along with stringent environmental legislation and regulations, companies start taking a fresh look at the impact on their reverse logistic activties on the environment. This paper is an example of the recovery of valuable material that can be recycled/recovered or remanufactured at the end of product useful life by designing an effective reverse logistics network. In this study, a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is proposed to determine a long-term strategy for end-of-life (EOL). The mathematical model not only takes into account the minimization of system operating costs, but also considered minimization of carbon emissions related to the transportation and processing of used products. Therefore, the objective in this model was to minimize the transportation and operating cost as well as minimizing environmental effects these activities. The results of this study show the trade-off between the costs and carbon emissions, and cost effectiveness for improving environmental performance, all of which have great practical implication on decision-making of network configurations a reverse logistics system. The proposed model is validated by examining a case study from wind turbine (WT) sector.

scholarly journals Modeling and Optimization Sustainable Forest Supply Chain Considering Discount in Transportation System and Supplier Selection under Uncertainty

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 964
Author(s):  
Komeyl Baghizadeh ◽  
Dominik Zimon ◽  
Luay Jum’a
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Suggested Approach ◽  
Tactical Decisions ◽  
Environmental Goals ◽  
Forest Supply Chain ◽  
The Impact

In recent decades, the forest industry has been growingly expanded due to economic conditions, climate changes, environmental and energy policies, and intense demand changes. Thus, appropriate planning is required to improve this industry. To achieve economic, social and environmental goals, a supply chain network is designed based on a multi-period and multi-product Mixed-Integer Non-Linear Programming (MINLP) model in which the objective is to maximize the profit, minimize detrimental environmental effects, improve social effects, and minimize the number of lost demands. In addition, to improve forest industry planning, strategic and tactical decisions have been implemented throughout the supply chain for all facilities, suppliers and machinery. These decisions significantly help to improve processes and product flows and to meet customers’ needs. In addition, because of the presence of uncertainty in some parameters, the proposed model was formulated and optimized under uncertainty using the hybrid robust possibilistic programming (HRPP-II) approach. The -constraint technique was used to solve the multi-objective model, and the Lagrangian relaxation (LR) method was utilized to solve the model of more complex dimensions. A case study in Northern Iran was conducted to assess the efficiency of the suggested approach. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the impact of important parameters on objective functions. The results of this study show that increasing the working hours of machines instead of increasing their number, increasing the capacity of some facilities instead of establishing new facilities and expanding the transport fleet has a significant impact on achieving predetermined goals.

Notch-based speed trajectory optimisation for high-speed railway automatic train operation

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440972110421
Author(s):  
Minling Feng ◽  
Chaoxian Wu ◽  
Shaofeng Lu ◽  
Yihui Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Applied Force ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
High Speed Railway ◽  
Train Operation ◽  
Train Speed ◽  
Automatic Train Operation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trajectory Optimisation

Automatic train operation (ATO) systems are fast becoming one of the key components of the intelligent high-speed railway (HSR). Designing an effective optimal speed trajectory for ATO is critical to guide the high-speed train (HST) to operate with high service quality in a more energy-efficient way. In many advanced HSR systems, the traction/braking systems would provide multiple notches to satisfy the traction/braking demands. This paper modelled the applied force as a controlled variable based on the selection of notch to realise a notch-based train speed trajectory optimisation model to be solved by mixed integer linear programming (MILP). A notch selection model with flexible vertical relaxation was proposed to allow the traction/braking efforts to change dynamically along with the selected notch by introducing a series of binary variables. Two case studies were proposed in this paper where Case study 1 was conducted to investigate the impact of the dynamic notch selection on train operations, and the optimal result indicates that the applied force can be flexibly adjusted corresponding to different notches following a similar operation sequence determined by optimal train control theory. Moreover, in addition to the maximum traction/braking notches and coasting, medium notches with appropriate vertical relaxation would be applied in accordance with the specific traction/braking demands to make the model feasible. In Case study 2, a comprehensive numerical example with the parameters of CRH380AL HST demonstrates the robustness of the model to deal with the varying speed limit and gradient in a real-world scenario. The notch-based model is able to obtain a more realistic optimal strategy containing dynamic notch selection and speed trajectory with an increase (1.622%) in energy consumption by comparing the results of the proposed model and the non-notch model.

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