scholarly journals Influential Node Identification in Command and Control Networks Based on Integral k-Shell

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Yunming Wang ◽  
Bo Chen ◽  
Weidong Li ◽  
Duoping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Network Performance ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Control Network ◽  
Control Networks ◽  
Influential Nodes ◽  
Influential Node ◽  
And Control ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
The Impact

Influential nodes act as a hub for information transmission in a command and control network. The identification of influential nodes in a network of this nature is a significant and challenging task; however, it is necessary if the invulnerability of the network is to be increased. The existing k-shell method is problematic in that it features a coarse sorting granularity and does not consider the local centrality of nodes. Thus, the degree of accuracy with which the influential nodes can be identified is relatively low. This motivates us to propose a method based on an integral k-shell to identify the influential nodes in a command and control network. This new method takes both the global and local information of nodes into account, introduces the historical k-shell and a 2-order neighboring degree, and refines the k-shell decomposition process in a network. Simulation analysis is carried out from two perspectives: to determine the impact on network performance when influential nodes are removed and to obtain the correlation between the integral k-shell value and its propagation value. The simulation results show that the integral k-shell method, which employs an algorithm of lower complexity, accurately identifies the influence of those nodes with the same k-shell values. Furthermore, the method significantly improves the accuracy with which the influential nodes can be identified.

scholarly journals A Cascading Failure Model for Command and Control Networks with Hierarchy Structure

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiue Gao ◽  
Duoping Zhang ◽  
Keqiu Li ◽  
Bo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Command And Control ◽  
Cascading Failure ◽  
Cascading Failures ◽  
Failure Model ◽  
Relational Models ◽  
Control Networks ◽  
Load Redistribution ◽  
Initial Load ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Cascading failures in the command and control networks (C2 networks) could substantially affect the network invulnerability to some extent. In particular, without considering the characteristics of hierarchy structure, it is quite misleading to employ the existing cascading failure models and effectively analyze the invulnerability of C2 networks. Therefore, a novel cascading failure model for command and control networks with hierarchy structure is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a method of defining the node’s initial load in C2 networks based on hierarchy-degree is proposed. By applying the method, the impact of organizational positions and the degree of the node on its initial load could be highlighted. Secondly, a nonuniform adjustable load redistribution strategy (NALR strategy) is put forward in this paper. More specifically, adjusting the redistribution coefficient could allocate the load from failure nodes to the higher and the same level neighboring nodes according to different proportions. It could be demonstrated by simulation results that the robustness of C2 networks against cascading failures could be dramatically improved by adjusting the initial load adjustment coefficient, the tolerance parameter, and the load redistribution coefficient. And finally, comparisons with other relational models are provided to verify the rationality and effectiveness of the model proposed in this paper. Subsequently, the invulnerability of C2 networks could be enhanced.

scholarly journals Hierarchical Evolution Model of Command and Control Network Based on Hypernetwork

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yunming Wang ◽  
Bo Chen ◽  
Xiaoshuang Chen ◽  
Chengsheng Pan
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Evolution Model ◽  
Control Network ◽  
Theoretical Derivation ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Heterogeneous Nodes ◽  
And Control

According to the hierarchical structure of command and control network and the characteristics of hypernetwork such as heterogeneous nodes and multiple links, a hierarchical evolution model of command and control network based on hypernetwork is established. Considering the nonuniqueness of the number and frequency of new joining nodes in different layers, a different number of new joining nodes are set in different layers, and the frequency of new joining nodes in each layer is set. A K(Mn+1) strategy of hierarchical joining of nodes is proposed. The theoretical derivation and simulation prove that the network model has scale-free characteristics. The simulation analysis of different measurement indicators shows that the hierarchical command and control hypernetwork has higher command efficiency, better connectivity between nodes, and stronger reliability of organizational structure.

Using Work Domain Analysis to Evaluate the Impact of Digitization on Command and Control

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Jenkins ◽  
Neville A. Stanton ◽  
Paul M. Salmon ◽  
Guy H. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Command And Control ◽  
Domain Analysis ◽  
Work Domain Analysis ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Work Domain

U.S. Regulatory Approaches: A Critical Appraisal

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
R. L. Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The American approach to environmental regulation is characterized by fragmentation of responsibilities, primary reliance on command and control regulations, extraordinary complexity, a preference for identifiable standards, and heavy resort to litigation. This system has provided important benefits, including significant reduction of environmental contamination, substantial use of science in decision-making, broad participatory rights, and the stimulation of new treatment technologies. However, these gains have been achieved at excessive cost. Too much reliance is placed on command and control methods and especially on technology-based standards. There is too much resort to litigation, and inadequate input from science. Participatory rights are being undermined, and there is a poor allocation of decision-making among the federal agencies and the states. Over-regulation sometimes leads to under-regulation, and insufficient attention is given to the impact on small entities. The responsibility for these difficulties rests with everyone, including the federal agencies, the Congress, the general public and the courts. Changes in the regulatory system are needed. We should abandon the use of technology-based standards to control toxic substances under the Clean Water Act in favor of strong health- and environmentally based standards, coupled with taxes on toxic substances in wastewater.

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of Collaborative Unmanned Surface-Aerial Vehicle Cruise Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man Zhu ◽  
Yuan-Qiao Wen
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Collaborative Model ◽  
Weighting Method ◽  
Unmanned Surface Vehicle ◽  
Control Networks ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
And Control

With the increasing application of unmanned surface vehicle-unmanned aerial vehicles (USV-UAVs) in maritime supervision, research on their deployment and control is becoming vitally important. We investigate the application of USV-UAVs for synergistic cruising and evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed collaborative model. First, we build a collaborative model consisting of the cruise vehicles and communication, detection, and command-and-control networks for the USV-UAV. Second, based on an analysis of the problems faced by collaborative USV-UAV systems, we establish a model to evaluate the effectiveness of such synergistic cruises. Third, we propose a weighting method for each evaluation factor. Finally, a model consisting of one UAV and four USVs is employed to validate our synergistic cruise model.

scholarly journals How Do Different Types of Environmental Regulations Affect Green Innovation Efficiency?

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Chuandang Zhao ◽  
Xiaoying Tang ◽  
Jiawei Cheng ◽  
Guanyang Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Command And Control ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Green Innovation ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
Different Types ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Environmental regulation policies are being continuously enriched today. To effectively improve green innovation efficiency through environmental regulations, it is urgent to better understand the impact of different environmental regulations on green innovation efficiency (GIE). However, due to the defects of previous methods for measuring GIE, existing studies may have deviations when analysing the effect of environmental regulations on GIE. To fill this gap, using Shaanxi, China, as a case study, the present study proposes a network data envelopment analysis (DEA) model based on neutral cross-efficiency evaluation to accurately measure the GIE of Shaanxi during the period of 2001–2017. On this basis, this study further analysed the impact of different types of environmental regulations on GIE from three aspects: causality, evolutionary relationships, and effect paths. The results indicate that (1) the GIE of Shaanxi Province showed a “fluctuation-slow growth-steady growth” trend during 2001–2017, and after 2014, the problem of an uncoordinated relationship between technology research and design (R&D) and technology transformation began to appear; (2) there was a linear evolutionary relationship between command-and-control environmental regulation and GIE and a “U”-shaped evolutionary relationship between market-based/voluntary environmental regulation and GIE; and (3) command-and-control environmental regulation and voluntary environmental regulation affected GIE mainly at the technology R&D stage, while market-based environmental regulation ran through the entire process of green innovation activities. This study improves the evaluation methods and theoretical systems of GIE and provides the scientific basis for government decision-makers to formulate environmental regulation policies.

scholarly journals AIR POLLUTION AND ITS IMPACT ON CLIMATE CHANGES IN IRAQ

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Hodoud Mohemad Aboode ALTUFYLY ◽  
Itab Yousef ALLUHAIBI
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Airborne Pollutants ◽  
Control Climate ◽  
Rain Fall ◽  
And Control ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Atmospheric Concentrations

The issue of air pollution and its impact on climate change is a subject of great global and local interest. Significant attention is being paid to Iraq by distributing a range of observation and monitoring stations for atmospheric concentrations of gases and pollutants, with permanent pollution centers or sources in Iraq and the most prominent causes being examined, as well as the impact of airborne pollutants on climate component values This was clearly reflected in the climate changes, the most prominent feature of which was the rise in temperatures and the lack of rain fall in Mosul, Baghdad and Basra stations, and this was clearly reflected in the environment, where drought and death of animals were evident, especially in the southern marshes of Iraq. The study developed a range of ways to reduce air pollution and control climate change by adopting a range of means to adapt to it, thus classifying Iraq among the countries with fragile ecosystems, which have a quick impact on air pollutants.

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