scholarly journals Qualitative and Quantitative Microbiological Studies of Paediatric Artemether-Lumefantrine Dry Powders and Paracetamol Syrups Obtained from Selected Drug Stores in Accra, Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Solomon Opoku ◽  
Isaac Nyanor
Keyword(s):  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Dry Powder ◽  
Dry Powders ◽  
Powder Samples ◽  
Regulatory Bodies

Infants and children under five years generally have high susceptibility to pathogenic and opportunistic infections due to immaturity and inexperience of their immune responses. The lives of these young children are threatened when they consume pharmaceutical preparations of poor microbiological quality. Considering the widespread use of artemether-lumefantrine dry powder and paracetamol syrup among the general population in Ghana, there is a need to investigate the microbiological quality and safety of these paediatric pharmaceutical preparations. The study investigated the microbiological quality of 180 samples comprising 90 artemether-lumefantrine dry powders and 90 paracetamol syrups. The samples were tested for presence of specified indicator pathogens, Total Aerobic Microbial Count (TAMC), and Total Yeasts and Moulds Count (TYMC) using compendial procedures. Results from the study indicated that 16 (17.78%) of the paracetamol syrup samples showed bioburden levels above United States Pharmacopeia (USP) maximum acceptable limit, but none of the artemether-lumefantrine dry powder samples recorded microbial load above the limit of USP. Four samples of paracetamol syrup and 4 samples of artemether-lumefantrine dry powder showed presence of P. aeruginosa, whereas 5 samples of paracetamol syrup were found to be contaminated with Salmonella spp. Overall, 4.44% of the artemether-lumefantrine dry powders and 25.56% of the paracetamol syrups were found to be noncompliant with USP specifications for nonsterile pharmaceutical preparations for oral use. This study has revealed the existence of substandard paediatric pharmaceutical products in the Ghanaian market, hence the need for regulatory bodies to intensify monitoring and postmarketing surveillance programmes to help get rid of these products from the market.

scholarly journals Evaluation of nutritional value and microbiological safety in commercial dog food

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kazimierska ◽  
Wioletta Biel ◽  
Robert Witkowicz ◽  
Jolanta Karakulska ◽  
Xymena Stachurska
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Pet Food ◽  
Microbiological Safety ◽  
Dog Food ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Dry Food

AbstractIn addition to properly balancing nutritional value in accordance with the needs of a dog, estimating the microbiological quality of dog food is crucial in providing healthy and safe foods. The aim of this study was to examine the quality of dry food for adult dogs, with particular reference to: (1) evaluating the nutritional value and compliance with nutritional guidelines for dogs, (2) comparing the nutritional value of dog foods, with particular emphasis on the division into cereal and cereal-free foods, and (3) evaluating their microbiological safety. All thirty-six evaluated dry dog foods met the minimum European Pet Food Industry FEDIAF requirement for total protein and fat content. The total aerobic microbial count in the analyzed dry dog foods ranged from 2.7 × 102 to above 3.0 × 107 cfu/g. In five (14%) dog foods the presence of staphylococci was detected; however, coagulase positive Staphylococcus (CPS) was not found. Mold presence was reported in one cereal-free dog food and in six cereal foods. In none of the analyzed foods Enterobacteriaceae were found, including coliforms, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Bacteria of the genus Listeria and Clostridium as well as yeasts were also not detected. In conclusion, the evaluated dry dog foods had varied microbiological quality. The detected number of microorganisms may have some implications for long-term consumption of contaminated food. The lack of European Commission standards regarding the permissible amounts of microorganisms in pet food may result in insufficient quality control of these products.

scholarly journals METHOD DECISION FOR DETERMINING SPECIFIC MICROORGANISMS IN PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS: AN OVERVIEW

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gökhan CENGİZ ◽  
Evren ALGIN YAPAR
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Quality Control Analysis

In the direction of microbiological quality control analysis in pharmaceutical products, determining the microbiological load of the product at the end-use stage is very important for human health. Quality control parameters in pharmaceutical products vary according to the structure of the type of product and administration route. In this context, according to the pharmacopoeias, parenteral products and eye drops are classified as sterile products and the other group of pharmaceuticals are classified as non-sterile products. However, non-sterile pharmaceuticals also must have a certain microbiological quality. For this reason, the pharmaceuticals should have a certain microbiological load and should not contain defined microorganisms specified to its type. Since the control of the microbiological quality of the products is important for safety, it should be determined by quality control analysis. In this study, standard methods used to detect specific microorganism in pharmaceutical products were compared. Application steps in standard methods and identification tests of specific microorganisms were examined. In addition, studies that are alternative to standard methods were evaluated. Peer Review History: Received: 5 September 2020; Revised: 20 October; Accepted: 28 October, Available online: 15 November 2020 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Mujde Eryilmaz, Ankara University,Turkey, [email protected] Dr. Rawaa Souhil Al-Kayali, Aleppo University, Syria, [email protected]   Comments of reviewer(s): Similar Articles: CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THE ESSENTIAL OILS OF FOUR VARIETIES OF LIPPIA MULTIFLORA IN BENIN ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES FOR HADHRAMI HONEY ON GROWTH OF SOME PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

scholarly journals TANGGUNG JAWAB APOTEKER DALAM PELAYANAN OBAT DENGAN RESEP DOKTER

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-245
Author(s):  
Veronica Komalasari
Keyword(s):  
Drug Information ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Drug Management ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Professional Health ◽  
Psychiatric Profession

ABSTRAKApoteker sebagai tenaga kesehatan profesional di bidang pelayanan kefarmasian dalam menjalankan tugasnya didasarkan kode etik sebagai penjiwaan moral pekerjaan keprofesian. Namun kode etik profesi kadang-kadang sudah tidak begitu diperhatikan lagi. Akibatnya, ciri profesi luhur bidang kefarmasian sebagai pemberian bantuan berupa pelayanan obat yang berorientasi kebutuhan masyarakat, luntur dan cenderung menjadi transaksi komersial produk kefarmasian yang berorientasi keuntungan bisnis. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi penelitian bersifat deskriptif analitis. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui inventarisasi dan penelahaan bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier yang kemudian dianalisis secara yuridis kualitatif. Tugas dan kewenangan apoteker dalam menjalankan pekerjaan kefarmasian adalah dalam pembuatan termasuk pengendalian mutu sediaan farmasi, pengamanan, pengadaan, penyimpanan dan pendistribusian atau penyaluran obat, pengelolaan obat, pelayanan obat atas resep dokter, pelayanan informasi obat, serta pengembangan obat, bahan obat dan obat tradisional. Tanggung jawab apoteker dalam pelayanan obat yang diresepkan dokter adalah harus mengutamakan kebutuhan dan keselamatan pasien. Tanggung jawab menyeluruh apoteker dalam pelayanan obat adalah kepedulian farmasi untuk meningkatkan mutu kehidupan pasien.Kata kunci: pelayanan obat; tanggung jawab apoteker; resep dokter. ABSTRACTPharmacist as a professional health worker in the field of pharmacy services in carrying out its duties is based on the code of Ethics as a moral psychiatric profession work. But a profession code of ethics is sometimes not very much noticed. Consequently, the hallmark of the noble profession of pharmacy as a provision of assistance in the form of drug services oriented to community needs, wear off and tend to be commercial transactions of pharmaceutical products that are business-oriented. The research method uses a normative juridical approach with research specifications of the analytical descriptive. Data collection is conducted through the inventory and study of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials which are then analyzed in a qualitative juridical. The duty and authority of the pharmacist in carrying out the work of the pharmacy is in the manufacture including the quality control of pharmaceutical preparations, securing, procurement, storage and distribution of drugs, drug management, medical treatment of Doctor's prescription, drug information services, and the development of medicines, medicinal materials and traditional medicines. The responsibility of the pharmacist in the drug service prescribed by the Doctor is to prioritize the needs and safety of patients. The overall responsibility of pharmacists in drug service is pharmaceutical care to improve the quality of patient life.Keywords: drug services; medical prescription; pharmacist's responsibilities.

scholarly journals ATP - bioluminescence as a technique to evaluate the microbiological quality of water in food industry

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Dolabela Costa ◽  
Nélio José de Andrade ◽  
Frederico José Vieira Passos ◽  
Sebastião César Cardoso Brandão ◽  
Carolina Gonçalves Freire Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Industrial Water ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Atp Bioluminescence ◽  
Dairy Plant

ATP-bioluminescence was used to evaluate the microbiological quality of water samples collected from the water supply, the water treatment system and from a dairy plant, including ammonia-cooling water and industrial water. For industrial water, there was relation between the ATP-bioluminescence technique and microbial count. There were no differences (p>0.05) between water supply and ammonia-cooling water samples for total and free ATP concentrations nor for the microbial counts. Different microbial ATP concentrations were found for these water samples. The results suggested that the physical chemical quality of ammonia cooling water decreased the RLU measurements slightly. It could be concluded that the total ATP concentration was the most effective technique to evaluate the microbiological quality of water used in the food indsutry by ATP-bioluminescence.

scholarly journals Assessment of Microbial Qualities of Some Cough Syrups and Multivitamins Marketed in Pokhara, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Krishna Gurung ◽  
Mamita Khaling Rai
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Good Manufacturing Practice ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Poor Treatment ◽  
Sick Children ◽  
Cough Syrup

Recently, the manufacturers of pharmaceuticals have improved the quality of non-sterile pharmaceuticals in such a way that such products contain only minimal bioburden. However, the production of sub-standard cough syrups and multivitamin syrups may cause non-therapeutic effect in patients, particularly in children. For this reason, this study was conducted to evaluate the microbiological quality of cough syrup and multivitamin syrups marketed in Pokhara, Nepal. Different brands of 15 cough syrups and 15 multivitamin syrups were collected from different vendors of Pokhara and the spread plate technique was performed to enumerate the microbial contaminant from the collected samples. Among 15 cough syrups, 12 samples were found to be contaminated with bacteria and nine samples were found to be contaminated with fungi. Similarly, among 15 multivitamin syrups, 10 were found to be contaminated with bacteria whereas 12 were found to be contaminated with fungi. Escherichia coli was not isolated in any samples. Overall, 14(93.33%) of cough syrup and 13(86.67%) of multivitamin syrups were found to be contaminated by either bacteria, fungi, or by both which exceeded the acceptance limit of International Pharmacopeia. The prevalence of these microorganisms in pharmaceutical products such as syrups samples may indicate the unhygienic condition, defect in production, poor adoption of Good Manufacturing Practice, ineffective preservatives and inadequate quality control. Though these products fall under non-sterile pharmaceutical products, so they need not require sterility but these drugs must conform to the microbiological purity criteria set in the appropriate pharmacopeial standard. These contaminated syrups explain the poor treatment and complicacy of the uncompromised people and the sick children.

scholarly journals Microbiological Quality of Food Sold in Different Grades of Mobile Food Vendors and Canteens in Owerri Metropolis

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
M. O. Nwachukwu ◽  
J. N. Azorji ◽  
P. C. Onyebuagu ◽  
R. I. A. Nnadozie ◽  
M. I. Izundu
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Quality Of Food ◽  
Mobile Food Vendors

The need to maintain proper hygiene in different grades of mobile food vendors and canteens cannot be overemphasized. The present study was conducted at Biotechnology laboratory, Federal University of Technology Owerri in August 2019 to ascertain the microbiological quality of food in different grades of mobile food vendors and canteens in Owerri Metropolis. Samples were collected from Fast food and Buka of which Two triplicates samples of rice, soup and moimoi were collected from two mobile food vendors in Owerri metropolis. Microbial count was carried out on each food sample using nutrient agar (NA) for bacteria count and sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) for fungi count. Colonies were also identified using standard procedure and biochemical test up to genera level. The result showed that the organism isolated from canteen (Buker) is higher than those of fast food. Organisms generally isolated includes staphylococcus aureus 0(0.0), Bacillius  sp. 59(9.5), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 162(25.6), Proteus 0(0.0), in fast food while in canteen (Buka) the organism isolated includes Staphylococcus aureus 160(25.0), Bacillius sp. 0(0.0%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 16(2.6) and Proteus 227(36.4) and the organisms generally identified includes Penicillium sp. 20(6.4), Saccharomyces 26(8.7), Geotrichum 0(0.0%) and mucor sp. 0(0.0%) in fast food while in canteen(Buker) the organisms generally identified includes Penicillium sp. 0(0.0%), saccharomyces 45(15.0), Geotrichum 4(0.3) and Mucor sp. 205(68.3) and some of the genera that are of public health concern. The study suggests the need for continuous monitoring of the food vendors to forestall any form of infection.

scholarly journals Microbiological Quality and Safety of Fruits and Vegetables from Open Market and Shopping Complex in Port Harcourt Metropolis

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Patience C. Obinna-Echem
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Shopping Mall ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Open Market ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Microbial Analysis ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Aims: Physicochemical and microbiological quality of fruits and vegetables from open market and shopping mall in Port Harcourt metropolis were determined to ascertain the effect of the sales environment. Methodology: pH and titratable acidity (TTA) of bananas (Musa sapientum), tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L) and cabbage (Brassica oleracae var. capitata L) were determined using standard analytical methods. Conventional microbiological method was used for the microbial analysis. Results: pH (4.30 - 6.00) and TTA (0.05 - 0.28% lactic acid) of samples from the two locations did not differ significantly (P>0.05). Aerobic colony count (ACC), Coliform, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, ranged from 4.49 – 5.96, 3.70 – 4.59, 3.69 - 4.39 and 3.68 – 4.17 Log10 CFU/g respectively for the shopping mall samples, and 6.14 - 6.19, 3.66 – 5.23, 4.60 – 5.66, and 3.69 – 5.15 Log10 CFU/g respectively for the open market samples. Salmonella was detected at a level of 3.74, 4.30 and 4.65 Log10 CFU/g respectively in banana from the shopping mall; and lettuce and cabbage from the open market. Mould growth for the open market samples ranged from 4.01 - 4.40 Log10 CFU/g. Shopping mall samples had no mould and yeast growth except for mould count of 4.29 Log10 CFU/g in banana and yeast count of 4.30 and 3.69 Log10 CFU/g in tomatoes and lettuce. Banana and lettuce from the open market had no yeast count, but tomatoes and cabbage had counts of 4.30 and 4.46 Log10 CFU/g respectively. Conclusion: Fruits and vegetables from the shopping mall generally had lower microbial count indicating the influence of the chilled storage environment. The detection of pathogens in the fruits and vegetables is unsatisfactory and can pose a health risk to consumers as well as the contamination of other produce.

scholarly journals Microbiological quality of non-sterile pharmaceutical products

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ratajczak ◽  
M.M. Kubicka ◽  
D. Kamińska ◽  
P. Sawicka ◽  
J. Długaszewska
Keyword(s):  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products

scholarly journals Microbiological investigation of peppermint and pumpkin seed kernels drying in batch dryer

2010 ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Milan Matavulj ◽  
Milan Martinov ◽  
Maja Karaman ◽  
Branislav Veselinov ◽  
Dusan Adamovic
Keyword(s):  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Pumpkin Seed ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Optimal Output ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Quality Of Products

The goal of this research was to investigate improvement of drying method of peppermint and pumpkin kernels (hull-less pumpkin seed) with the aim to get as best microbiological quality of products as possible. Small and medium scale producers of medicinal plants in most cases perform it in batch dryers, which offer optimal output rate. Disadvantages of this dryer type are slower through-heating of upper layers, with the resulting increase of microbial count. In this paper, results of investigation of drying characteristics in batch dryer expressed through the changes of count of bacteria and microfungi are presented. The drying regime was applied in three different phases, and different material batch heights. Obtained results show that microbial count has increased in the upper layer during process of peppermint drying, while the temperature was less than 45?C for a long period. However, during the final drying phase in this layer, the temperature was also over 45?C, and the final microbial count was almost the same for upper and lower levels. During the treatment of pumpkin kernels in all of cases number of microorganisms indicated that the treated pumpkin grains belonged to the 3B qualitative group or to the 4B for phase drying respectively, and to the 4A for control group according to the Europaean Pharmacopoeia. The results obtained suggest that the treatment of hull-less pumpkin seed with even higher temperatures of drying agents, for example 70?C or 80?C, in the first phase should be investigated. After that phase, the second phase would follow, using temperature of 60?C, and the method with shifting mode should be applied.

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