Skin Biophysical Parameters and Patch Test Results in People Predisposing to Xiaotong Tiegao Induced Irritant Contact Dermatitis

Background. Xiaotong Tiegao (XTT) is an ancient topical Tibetan medicine plaster which is widely used in China. Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) caused by XTT is very common. It is still unclear why some people are more prone to develop ICD. The aim of this study is to study the baseline skin biophysical parameters and patch test results in individuals predisposing to XTT induced ICD. Methods. During a four-month period, 149 healthy volunteers with ICD and 50 volunteers without ICD after applying XTT were recruited. The skin biophysical parameters were measured, and contact allergy to 20 common allergens was patch tested, at two weeks after the ICD was recovered. Results. There were no significant differences in age and sex between ICD and control groups. It was found that skin median melanin value (176.50 vs 189.50, P < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U-test) and erythema value (319.90 ± 70.49 vs 347.93 ± 84.55, P < 0.05, Independent-Samples T test) were much lower in ICD than control group. Overall patch test results were not different, but the positivity rate of nickel sulfate (15.44% vs 4.00%, P < 0.05, Fisher’s exact test) was significantly higher in ICD group. Conclusions. In conclusion, people with nickel allergy, lower values of skin melanin, and erythema are predisposing to develop ICD.

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Patch test results of the European baseline series among patients with occupational contact dermatitis across Europe - analyses of the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergy network, 2002-2010

Contact Dermatitis ◽

10.1111/cod.12333 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 72 (3) ◽

pp. 154-163 ◽

Cited By ~ 101

Author(s):

Maria Pesonen ◽

Riitta Jolanki ◽

Francesca Larese Filon ◽

Mark Wilkinson ◽

Beata Kręcisz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Contact Dermatitis ◽

Patch Test ◽

Surveillance System ◽

Contact Allergy ◽

Test Results ◽

Occupational Contact Dermatitis ◽

Occupational Contact

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Patch Testing for Contact Allergy and Allergic Contact Dermatitis

The Open Allergy Journal ◽

10.2174/1874838400801010042 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 42-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Radoslaw Spiewak

Keyword(s):

Contact Dermatitis ◽

Allergic Contact Dermatitis ◽

Patch Test ◽

Contact Allergy ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Test Results ◽

Costs Of Treatment ◽

Allergic Contact

Contact allergy (CA) is alteration of immune response with readiness to develop an inflammatory reaction against a specific substance of low molecular weight (hapten). The prevalence of CA is estimated at 26-40% among adults, and 21-36% children. A proportion of people with CA will remain asymptomatic, among the rest, the most frequent clinical manifestation is allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) with lifetime prevalence estimated at 10%. Less frequent manifestations include allergic contact stomatitis, conjunctivitis, vaginitis, systemic reactions, implant intolerance, and rarely urticaria, asthma, and allergic rhinitis. Patch test (epicutaneous test) is the gold standard in the diagnosis of CA and ACD: Performing the test significantly increases probability of accurate diagnosis, reduces costs of treatment, and leads to improved patients’ quality of life. Patch test results may be influenced by patient’s medication and health status, and interpretation requires due knowledge and experience. Other diagnostic methods are more laborious and not validated; no in vitro tests are available for routine application at present.

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Principais sensibilizantes em pacientes idosos e não idosos com dermatite de contato

Scientia Medica ◽

10.15448/1980-6108.2016.4.24281 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 24281

Author(s):

Zamir Calamita ◽

Andrea Bronhara Pelá Calamita

Keyword(s):

Contact Dermatitis ◽

Elderly Patients ◽

Patch Test ◽

Nickel Sulfate ◽

High Rate ◽

Test Results ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Systemic Corticosteroids ◽

History Of ◽

Allergic Contact

Aims: To evaluate the prevalence of the main allergens found in allergic contact dermatitis among elderly and non-elderly patients.Methods: Retrospective study of the medical records of patients clinically diagnosed with contact dermatitis treated from August 2000 to January 2012 at the Allergy Outpatient Clinic of Marília Medical School and at an Allergy and Dermatology private clinic in Marília, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The inclusion criteria were clinical diagnosis of contact dermatitis, patch test performed during the study period, and no treatment with systemic corticosteroids or any other immunosuppressants. Age, sex, history of other types of allergy and allergens used were assessed. The patch test results were read 48 hours and 72 hours after application of the test chambers.Results: A total of 362 patients were included in the study: 60 elderly patients (aged 60 years or older) and 302 non-elderly patients. In addition to contact dermatitis, other types of allergies were observed in 20 (33.3%) of elderly patients and in 113 (37.4%) of non-elderly patients (p=0.54). There were 162 positive reactions on the patch test among elderly patients and 738 positive reactions among non-elderly patients (p=0.24). Strong positive reactions were present in 41 (68.3%) elderly patients and in 156 (51.6%) non-elderly patients (p=0.02). Strong and very strong positive reactions, when assessed together, were detected in 44 (73.3%) elderly patients and in 214 (70.8%) non-elderly patients (p=0.69). The most common allergens were nickel sulfate (in 33.3% of elderly and 38% of non-elderly patients) and fragrance mix (in 25% of elderly and 27.8% of non-elderly patients), with no statistical difference between the groups.Conclusions: There was a high rate of positive reactions on the patch test among patients with contact dermatitis, with no difference between elderly and non-elderly individuals, and the most common allergens were nickel sulfate and fragrance mix. Therefore, it is important that allergy to nickel and fragrances be included in the etiologic investigation of contact dermatitis, regardless of age.

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Patch test standard series recommended by the Brazilian Contact Dermatitis Study Group during the 2006-2011 period

Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia ◽

10.1590/abd1806-4841.20132374 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 88 (6) ◽

pp. 1015-1018 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Ida Alzira Gomes Duarte ◽

Greta Merie Tanaka ◽

Nathalie Mie Suzuki ◽

Rosana Lazzarini ◽

Andressa Sato de Aquino Lopes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Contact Dermatitis ◽

Patch Test ◽

Nickel Sulfate ◽

Study Group ◽

Test Results ◽

Standard Series ◽

Positive Patch Test ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Allergic Contact

A retrospective study was carried out between 2006-2011. Six hundred and eighteen patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis underwent the standard patch test series recommended by the Brazilian Contact Dermatitis Research Group. The aim of our study was to evaluate the variation of positive patch-test results from standard series year by year. The most frequently positive allergens were: nickel sulfate, thimerosal and potassium bichromate. Decrease of positive patch-test results over the years was statistically significant for: lanolin (p=0.01), neomycin (p=0.01) and anthraquinone (p=0.04). A follow-up study should be useful in determining which allergens could be excluded from standard series, as they may represent low sensitization risk.

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Nickel Allergy of the Skin and Beyond

Endocrine Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871530320666200228124453 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (7) ◽

pp. 1003-1009

Author(s):

Malena Gergovska ◽

Razvigor Darlenski ◽

Jana Kazandjieva

Keyword(s):

Contact Dermatitis ◽

Allergic Contact Dermatitis ◽

Contact Allergy ◽

Correct Diagnosis ◽

Large Population ◽

Modern World ◽

Nickel Allergy ◽

Positive Skin ◽

Diagnostic Potential ◽

Allergic Contact

Background: Hypersensitization to nickel is one of the most common contact allergies in the modern world and it is considered to be a major cause of contact dermatitis, especially for hand eczema. Objective: The aim of this paper is to describe many faces of the nickel allergy and to find out different diagnostic, potential strategies for treatment and prevention in hypersensitized patients. A personal clinical experience with practical clinical cases of contact dermatitis to nickel has also been presented. Methods: Electronic databases on this topic was carried out using PubMed-Medline. Results: The literature review identified many articles reporting for nickel contact allergy and pointing the metal as number one allergen in the frequency of positive skin patch test reactions in a large population worldwide. Herein, a summary of the current understanding and evidence on nickel allergy with practical approach and proposed recommendations to the dermatologist, general practitioner, and the allergist were prepared. Conclusions: The prevalence of nickel allergy represents an important socio-economical and health issue. Metal is one of the most common sensitizing agents worldwide. The morbidity due to this metal represents the allergic contact dermatitis and it is constantly growing in many countries. There are also cases of systemic allergic contact dermatitis, where they could be easily misdiagnosed as adverse drug reactions, which lead to delay of the correct diagnosis and inappropriate treatment.

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Nickel Allergy: Epidemiology, Pathomechanism, Clinical Patterns, Treatment and Prevention Programs

Endocrine Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871530320666200128141900 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (7) ◽

pp. 992-1002 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marta Tramontana ◽

Leonardo Bianchi ◽

Katharina Hansel ◽

Daniela Agostinelli ◽

Luca Stingeni

Keyword(s):

Contact Dermatitis ◽

Contact Allergy ◽

Systemic Exposure ◽

Prevention Programs ◽

Nickel Allergy ◽

Type Iv ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

Typical Type ◽

Clinical Patterns ◽

Allergic Contact

Nickel is the most common cause of contact allergy in the general population and the most frequently detected allergen in patients patch tested for suspected allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). ACD from nickel is a typical type IV hypersensitivity. Nickel allergy is mostly caused by nonoccupational exposure, such as jewelry and clothing decorations, metal tools, medical devices (mainly orthopedic and orthodontic implants, cardiovascular prosthesis), eyeglasses, utensils, keys, pigment for paint, cosmetics, and food (mainly legumes, chocolate, salmon, peanuts). Occupational exposure can involve several workers (mechanics, metalworkers, platers, hairdressers, jewelers, workers in the constructions and electronic industries), classically involving hands and forearms. The classic clinical pattern of ACD caused by nickel is characterized by eczematous dermatitis involving the sites of direct contact with the metal. Non-eczematous-patterns are reported, including lichenoid dermatitis, granuloma annulare, vitiligo-like lesions, dyshidrosiform dermatitis, and vasculitis. In the case of systemic exposure to nickel, sensitized patients could develop systemic contact dermatitis. Patch testing represents the gold standard for the diagnosis of ACD from nickel. Treatment includes avoidance of contact with products containing nickel and the patient’s education about the possible use of alternative products. A recent EU nickel directive, regulating the content and release of nickel from products, has caused a decrease of nickel contact allergy in some European countries. Nickel allergy is a relevant issue of public health with significant personal, social, and economic impact. This review summarizes epidemiology, pathomechanism, clinical patterns, treatment, and prevention programs.

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Patch Test Results of Patients with Occupational Contact Dermatitis

Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dermatology ◽

10.5336/dermato.2019-66388 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 113-119

Author(s):

Semih GÜDER ◽

Şafak METEKOĞLU ◽

İlteriş Oğuz TOPAL ◽

Mehmet MELİKOĞLU

Keyword(s):

Contact Dermatitis ◽

Patch Test ◽

Test Results ◽

Occupational Contact Dermatitis ◽

Occupational Contact

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The Utility of an Occupational Contact Dermatitis Patch Test Database in the Analysis of Workplace Prevention Activities in Toronto, Canada

Annals of Work Exposures and Health ◽

10.1093/annweh/wxaa077 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

D Linn Holness ◽

Irena Kudla ◽

Joel G DeKoven ◽

Sandra Skotnicki

Keyword(s):

Contact Dermatitis ◽

Patch Test ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Health And Safety ◽

Clinical Information ◽

Clinical History ◽

Surveillance Systems ◽

Test Results ◽

Occupational Contact Dermatitis ◽

Occupational Contact

Abstract Background Occupational skin diseases are common suggesting that there are still gaps in workplace prevention. Patch test surveillance systems provide an opportunity to collect work related information in addition to clinical information and patch test results. Objectives To examine 5 years of data related to workplace prevention by industry sector in a patch test surveillance database for workers with a diagnosis of occupational contact dermatitis. Methods The study was approved by the Research Ethics Board of St Michael’s Hospital. Information including demographics, clinical history, healthcare utilization, and workplace characteristics and prevention practices in addition to patch test results was collected from consenting patients. Results Workers in the healthcare and manufacturing sectors were more likely to report workplace training including skin protection training, whereas those in services and construction were less likely to report training. Conclusions Collecting basic workplace information with patch test surveillance databases can inform the occupational health and safety system about prevention practices in the workplace and identify areas for focussed intervention.

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