scholarly journals CNDP1, NOS3, and MnSOD Polymorphisms as Risk Factors for Diabetic Nephropathy among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Jokha Yahya ◽  
Patimah Binti Ismail ◽  
Norshariza Binti Nordin ◽  
Abdah Binti Md Akim ◽  
Wan Shaariah Binti Md Yusuf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Manganese Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Multiplicative Model ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic ◽  
Mode Of Inheritance

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a high incidence of nephropathy. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of a genetic polymorphism of carnosinase (CNDP1-D18S880and -rs2346061), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3-rs1799983), and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD-rs4880) genes with the development of diabetic nephropathy among Malaysian type 2 diabetic patients. A case-control association study was performed using 652 T2DM patients comprising 227 Malays (without nephropathy = 96 and nephropathy = 131), 203 Chinese (without nephropathy = 95 and nephropathy = 108), and 222 Indians (without nephropathy = 136 and nephropathy = 86). DNA sequencing was performed for theD18S880ofCNDP1, while the rest were tested using DNA Sequenom MassARRAY to identify the polymorphisms. DNA was extracted from the secondary blood samples taken from the T2DM patients. The alleles and genotypes were tested using four genetic models, and the best mode of inheritance was chosen based on the leastpvalue. Thers2346061ofCNDP1was significantly associated with diabetic nephropathy among the Indians only with OR = 1.94 and 95% CI = (1.76–3.20) and fitted best the multiplicative model, whileD18S880was associated among all the three major races with the Malays having the strongest association with OR = 2.46 and 95% CI = (1.48–4.10), Chinese with OR = 2.26 and 95% CI = (1.34–3.83), and Indians with OR = 1.77 and 95% CI = (1.18–2.65) in the genotypic multiplicative model. The best mode of inheritance for bothMnSODandNOS3was the additive model. ForMnSOD-rs4880, the Chinese had OR = 2.8 and 95% CI = (0.53–14.94), Indians had OR = 2.4 and 95% CI = (0.69–2.84), and Malays had OR = 2.16 and 95% CI = (0.54–8.65), while forNOS3-rs1799983, the Indians had the highest risk with OR = 3.16 and 95% CI = (0.52–17.56), followed by the Chinese with OR = 3.55 and 95% CI = (0.36–35.03) and the Malays with OR = 2.89 and 95% CI = (0.29–28.32). The four oxidative stress-related polymorphisms have significant effects on the development of nephropathy in type 2 diabetes patients. The genes may, therefore, be considered as risk factors for Malaysian subjects who are predisposed to T2DM nephropathy.

scholarly journals A study of prevalence of microalbuminuria in recently detected type 2 diabetes and its relation to hypertension, dyslipidaemia and obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Shrikrishna V Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
New Onset

Background: Microalbuminuria is one of the earliest markers of diabetic nephropathy, and if not recognized and treated early it may lead to diabetic nephropathy resulting in chronic renal failure. Aims and Objective: The aim of the current study was to find out the prevalence of microalbuminuria among newly detected Type 2 diabetic patients and also compare prevalence of microalbuminuria in patients with or without hypertension, dyslipidaemia and obesity. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, we analysed 90 patients with new onset type 2 diabetes mellitus. We divided the patients into two groups, group 1 with comorbidities like hypertension, dyslipidaemia and obesity (50 patients) and group 2 without comorbidities (40 patients). We analysed urinary microalbumin level in all patients and compared the prevalence of microalbuminuria between group 1 and group 2. Results: In our cohort of 90 patients, urinary microalbuminuria was found in 30 patients (33.3%). When we divided these nephropathy patients to group1 and group 2, we observed that group 1 with comorbidities had higher percentage of nephropathy patients i.e 24 out of 50(48%). Group 2 with 40 patients had only 6 patients with microalbiminuria ie 6 out of 40(15%). Incidence of microalbiminuria was higher in patients with hypertension, dyslipidaemia and obesity. Conclusions: We conclude that incidence of microalbiminuria is much more common in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. We also conclude that hypertension, obesity and hypercholesterolemia are risk factors for nephropathy and urinary microalbuminuria appears to be much more sensitive than serum creatinine as screening tool to detect diabetic nephropathy.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional observational study on drug utilisation pattern, prevalence and risk factors for the development of diabetic nephropathy among type 2 diabetic patients in a south indian tertiary care hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-108
Author(s):  
Madhavi Mannam ◽  
Lavanya Nalluri ◽  
Dhanalakshmi Pinnika ◽  
Mounika Pothuraju ◽  
Ravindrababu Pingili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, and it is estimated that ~ 20% of type 2 diabetic patients reach ESRD during their lifetime. The objective of the present study was to assess the drug utilization pattern, risk factors, and prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a south Indian tertiary care hospital. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 613 subjects (254 with and 359 without diabetic nephropathy). Prevalence of diabetic nephropathy was measured, and risk factors for the development of diabetic nephropathy were determined by calculating odds ratios using graph-pad prism statistical software, and drug utilization pattern was assessed. Nephropathy was significantly higher in subjects who are married (98.8%, OR, 3.903; 95% CI, 1.125-13.54, P=0.0211),  poorly educated (61%, OR, 0.3670;95%CI, 0.2635-0.5112, P<0.0001), house wives (44.4%, OR, 0.5492; 95% CI, 0.3432 - 0.8789, P=0.0120), rural residents (51.2%, OR, 0.3943; 95% CI, 0.2820-0.5513, P<0.0001) and risk factors were hypertension (37.44%, OR, 4.131; 95% CI, 2.687-6.350, P<0.0001), other diseases (36.51%, OR, 4.963; 95% CI, 3.202 -7.692, P<0.0001), Endocrine diseases (9.53%, OR, 2.460; 95% CI, 1.433- 4.224, P=0.0009), history of CVD (7.90%, OR, 17.20; 95% CI, 7.049- 41.95, P<0.0001), HbA1c (36.1%, OR, 3.380; 95% CI, 2.157- 5.295, P<0.0001), low HDL (23%, OR, 0.5961; 95% CI, 0.3572 - 0.9947 , P=0.0470), high FBS levels (29.3%, OR, 6.111; 95%CI, 1.283 -29.10, P=0.0113), high triglyceride levels (39.8%, OR, 0.6077; 95%CI, 0.3878 -0.9523, P=0.0293), high serum creatinine (28.3%, OR, 154.3; 95% CI, 37.92- 627.7, P<0.0001), duration of T2DM(5-10years 39.8%, OR, 2.653;95% CI, 1.778 - 3.958, & > 10 years 37%, OR, 3.606 ; 95% CI, 2.362-5.504, P<0.0001), physical inactivity(64.9%, OR, 0.5188;95% CI, 0.3727-0.7220 , P<0.0001), soft drinks occasionally (31.9%, OR, 2.253; 95% CI, 1.531-3.315, P<0.0001), habit of taking tea /coffee twice without sugar(42.3%, OR, 1.845; 95% CI, 1.094 to 3.112, P=0.0208) were significant risk factors for development of nephropathy. Metformin (47.05%), a combination of Glimepiride and Metformin (30.71%), a combination of insulin isophane and insulin regular (29.41%), teneligliptin (10.45%), insulin regular (9.80%) were the anti-diabetic medications mostly given to the T2DM patients with nephropathy. The present study revealed that the risk factors for the development of diabetic nephropathy were multiple.

scholarly journals The effects of obesity along with other risk factors on type 2 diabetic patients in the northwest of Libya

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
Khaled Ali ALawaini ◽  
Mustafa Ali Abugila
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Family History ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
High Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Type 2 diabetes has several causes, such as family history, age, physical inactivity, and unhealthy food. Obesity is a significant cause of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Microvascular and macrovascular complications are associated with long-term diabetes. However, the main objective in this study is to search for complications and risk factors related to diabetes. Therefore, 472 diabetic patients with type 2 diabetes from northwest Libya participated in this study. Face-to-face interviews conducted using a questionnaire asking each patient information about name, age, sex, duration of disease, family history, and measured body mass index (BMI). A biochemical analysis (FPG, HbA1c, cholesterol, and triglyceride) was also performed on diabetic patients. Our results showed that 60.6% of type 2 diabetic patients had a positive family history. Poor glycemic control identified by high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 186±9 mg/dl, and glycated hemoglobin was (HbA1C) 8.36%±1.8.

scholarly journals Association of CCL2, CCR5, ELMO1, and IL8 Polymorphism with Diabetic Nephropathy in Malaysian Type 2 Diabetic Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Jokha Yahya ◽  
Patimah binti Ismail ◽  
Norshariza binti Nordin ◽  
Abdah binti Md Akim ◽  
Wan Shaariah binti Md. Yusuf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽  
Cell Mortality ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic ◽  
Mode Of Inheritance

The unique variants or biomarkers of individuals help to understand the pathogenesis as well as the potential risk of individuals or patients to diabetic nephropathy (DN). The aim of this study was to investigate the association of a genetic polymorphism of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL2-rs3917887), chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5-rs1799987), engulfment and cell mortality (ELMO1-rs74130), and interleukin-8 (IL8-rs4073) with the development of DN among Malaysian type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. More than one thousand diabetic patients were examined and a total of 652 T2DM patients were tested comprising 227 Malays (nonnephrotic=96 and nephrotic=131), 203 Chinese (nonnephrotic=95 and nephrotic=108), and 222 Indians (nonnephrotic=136 and nephrotic=86). DNA Sequenom mass ARRAY was employed to identify polymorphisms in CCL2, CCR5, ELMO1, and IL8 genes. DNA was extracted from the secondary blood samples taken from the T2DM patients. The alleles and genotypes were tested using four genetic models and the best mode of inheritance was chosen. CCR5 rs1799987 (G>A) showed strong association with the development of diabetic nephropathy only among the Chinese with OR=6.71 (2.55-17.68) 95% CI while IL8 rs4073 (T>A) showed association with nephropathy only among the Indians with OR=1.57 (0.66-3.71) 95% CI. The additive model was the best model for the mode of inheritance of all the genes. The contribution of genetic variants differs across ethnic groups or background. Further studies which involve environmental risk factors should be taken into consideration.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Hypertension among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Imo state, South East of Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Ugonma, Winnie Dozie ◽  
Nnenna, Vivian Okonkwo ◽  
Okwuchi, Blessed Nworuh ◽  
Somtochukwu, Mercy Orji ◽  
Chidozie Joakin Nwaokoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Family History ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Background: Hypertension is among the important causes of non-communicable disease burden worldwide. It has raised public health concerns in both developed and developing nations. It mostly occurs in patients with diabetes and the prevalence depends on duration, type and age of the patient. The study aimed at determining the risk factors of hypertension among type 2 diabetic patients in Imo State, Nigeria. Methods: A hospital-based descriptive survey design involving 50 patients attending hospital was used. Structured questionnaire complemented with interview schedule was used to collect data from the respondents. Data were analyzed using frequency and mean score. Hypotheses were tested using Chi-square at 5% significance level. Results: The result showed that the majority (70.0%) of the patients was hypertensive, 54.0% of the patients used dietary control and drugs in the treatment of the diseases. Furthermore, it was found that 54.0% ate salty foods always, 58.0% of the patients added extra table salt in their meals, 54.0% ate canned foods and 82.0% took sugary drinks always. It was also found that 66.0% ate always from restaurants and 58.0% ate more of starchy foods. The result further showed that 74.0% of the patients avoided physical exercise and 70.0% indicated that doing stress works made them get anxious. Eighty percent of the patients had hypertension in their family history and the 74.0% indicated it was their brother/sister. The X2 result showed a significantly association between family history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes X2(121, N = 50) = 187, p = 0.000. It was also found that dietary pattern was significantly associated with risk of type 2 diabetes X2(121, N = 50) = 187, p = 0.000. Conclusion: Dietary pattern and family history of hypertension were significantly associated with type 2 diabetes. It was recommended that sensitization campaigns be organized to educate women on the effect of diets on diabetes. Also, family history of hypertension should be ascertained from patients to ensure early detection and treatment of diabetes.

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP TERJADINYA HIPERTENSI PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELITUS TIPE II (Studi di Wilayah Puskesmas Kabupaten Pati)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
Gracilaria Puspa Sari ◽  
Marek Samekto ◽  
Mateus Sakundarno Adi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic ◽  
Ethical Clearance

ENGLISHThe prevalence of hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients is 1,5-3 times higher than in nondiabetic The objectives of this research is to explain the risk factors affecting hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients. The research used an observational studies with case-control study design in Primary Healthcare Centers patients in Pati Regency of 2014. Case group were 57 patients with hypertension in type 2 diabetes, while control group were the type 2 diabetes patients without hypertension. Data were obtained from medical records and qualitative interviews. Chi-square test in bivariate and multiple logistic regression in multivariate analysis. This study has been obtained ethical clearance from The Ethical Committee of Health Research Medical Faculty of Diponegoro University or dr. Kariadi Hospital. Results : factors that influence hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients were physical activity (OR=6.4; 95% CI: 2.18-18.77; p=0.001), diabetes duration ≥ 5 years (OR=5.4; 95% CI: 1.97 – 14.704; p=0.001), and medication adherence (OR=3.6; 95% CI: 1.32-9.83; p=0.012). Other risk factors that not significantly influenced were age ≥45 years, male, diet compliance, history of hypertension, smoking, salt consumption, coffee consumption, and sleep duration. INDONESIAPrevalensi hipertensi pada penderita DM tipe 2 lebih tinggi dibandingkan non DM tipe 2. Tujuan penelitian untuk menjelaskan faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap terjadinya hipertensi pada penderita DM tipe 2 di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kabupaten Pati tahun 2014. Jenis Penelitian observasional dengan rancangan studi kasus kontrol pada pasien Puskesmas. Kelompok kasus adalah 57 pasien DM tipe 2 dengan hipertensi sedangkan kelompok kontrol adalah 57 pasien DM tipe 2 tanpa hipertensi. Data diperoleh dari observasi catatan medis dan wawancara. Uji chi-square pada analisis bivariat dan analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik ganda. Penelitian ini telah memdapatkan Ethical clearance dari Komisi Etik FK UNDIP/RSUP dr. Kariadi Semarang. Hasil Penelitian : faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap terjadinya hipertensi pada penderita DM tipe 2 adalah aktivitas fisik kurang (OR=6,4; 95% CI: 2,18 - 18,77; p=0,001), lama menderita DM ≥5 tahun (OR=5,4; 95% CI: 1,97 - 14,704; p=0,001), dan kepatuhan minum obat DM (OR=3,6; 95% CI: 1,32 - 9,83; p=0,012). Faktor yang tidak berpengaruh adalah : usia ≥45 tahun, jenis kelamin laki-laki, kepatuhan diet DM, riwayat hipertensi, kebiasaan merokok, kebiasaan makan asin, kebiasaan minum kopi, dan lama waktu tidur.

scholarly journals Influence of the dynamics of body weight on the risk factors of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes during the first year of insulin treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
T S Dzhavakhishvili ◽  
T I Romantsova ◽  
O V Roik
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Insulin Analogues ◽  
First Year ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether insulin treatment-induced weight gain had an adverse impact on cardiovascular risk factors in insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients during the first year after initiating insulin therapy when insulin analogues or human insulins are used. A total of 157 patients with newly insulinized type 2 diabetes were included in the study. The patients were divided in two groups. First group consisted of subjects (mean age 57 [45; 73], duration of diabetes of 10 years [4; 16]) who had received long-acting basal (glargine, detemir), premixed (biphasic insulin aspart 30, Humalog Mix 25) or short-acting (aspart, lispro) insulin analogues. Patients from second group (mean age 59 [46; 75], duration of diabetes of 10 years [5; 15]) were treated with intermediate-acting basal (Protophane, Humulin NPH insulin), premixed (biphasic human insulin 30, Humulin M3) and regular (Actrapid, Humulin R) human insulins. Our study has shown that insulin-induced weight gain may not adversely affect cardiovascular risk factors, particularly, lipid profile, in insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients during the first year after initiating insulin therapy. Use of insulin analogues for treatment of type 2 diabetes patients results in better glycaemic control, significant declines in blood lipid concentrations, less increase in waist circumference compared with human insulins during the first year after initiating insulin therapy.

scholarly journals Nitric oxide modulation of renal and cardiac hemodynamics in type 2 diabetes

2002 ◽  
pp. 687-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Dalla Vestra ◽  
D Sacerdoti ◽  
G Bombonato ◽  
P Fioretto ◽  
G Finucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate endothelial function in type 2 diabetic patients with and without diabetic nephropathy. METHODS: We studied the effects of systemic infusion of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor NG-monomethyl-l-arginine (L-NMMA) on cardiovascular and renal hemodynamics in six type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria (D2-MA), six type 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria (D2-NA) and five control subjects. Both type 2 diabetic patients and control subjects had mild arterial hypertension. RESULTS: L-NMMA infusion decreased the cardiac index in all groups. A reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and an increase in filtration fraction were observed only in controls. Renal plasma flow decreased in controls and D2-NA patients and renal vascular resistance increased in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of L-NMMA on cardiac output was similar in controls and type 2 diabetic patients with and without diabetic nephropathy. In contrast, the effect on GFR was impaired in both diabetic groups, suggesting that glomerular NO homeostasis is altered in type 2 diabetes. Moreover the discrepancy, in diabetic patients, between cardiac and renal effects during L-NMMA infusion suggests that the modulation of glomerular hemodynamics is independent from NO-regulated cardiac output.

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