scholarly journals A study of prevalence of microalbuminuria in recently detected type 2 diabetes and its relation to hypertension, dyslipidaemia and obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Shrikrishna V Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
New Onset

Background: Microalbuminuria is one of the earliest markers of diabetic nephropathy, and if not recognized and treated early it may lead to diabetic nephropathy resulting in chronic renal failure. Aims and Objective: The aim of the current study was to find out the prevalence of microalbuminuria among newly detected Type 2 diabetic patients and also compare prevalence of microalbuminuria in patients with or without hypertension, dyslipidaemia and obesity. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, we analysed 90 patients with new onset type 2 diabetes mellitus. We divided the patients into two groups, group 1 with comorbidities like hypertension, dyslipidaemia and obesity (50 patients) and group 2 without comorbidities (40 patients). We analysed urinary microalbumin level in all patients and compared the prevalence of microalbuminuria between group 1 and group 2. Results: In our cohort of 90 patients, urinary microalbuminuria was found in 30 patients (33.3%). When we divided these nephropathy patients to group1 and group 2, we observed that group 1 with comorbidities had higher percentage of nephropathy patients i.e 24 out of 50(48%). Group 2 with 40 patients had only 6 patients with microalbiminuria ie 6 out of 40(15%). Incidence of microalbiminuria was higher in patients with hypertension, dyslipidaemia and obesity. Conclusions: We conclude that incidence of microalbiminuria is much more common in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. We also conclude that hypertension, obesity and hypercholesterolemia are risk factors for nephropathy and urinary microalbuminuria appears to be much more sensitive than serum creatinine as screening tool to detect diabetic nephropathy.

BODY MASS INDEX AND IT’S ASSOCIATION WITH DIABETIC RETINOPATHY IN TYPE 2 DM

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-58
Author(s):  
Mukesh kumar samota ◽  
Mamta bijarnia
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic ◽  
Group 1

1.BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity are global public health problem with increasing prevalence worldwide1-3. It is a risk factor for many metabolic and cardiovascular diseases including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia etc4. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the common micro vascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and a leading cause of acquired blindness in adults. The aim of this study is nd relationship between different BMI classes and DR development in type 2 diabetic patients. 2. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:To determine the association of BMI and diabetic retinopathy and risk factors for DR 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 206 type 2 diabetes patients from medicine ward of Swai man singh hospital and college Jaipur [Rajasthan]. The subjects were classied into one of the three categories according to the BMI. (1).Normal BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2; (2).Overweight BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2.(3).Obese BMI ≥30 kg/m2. Blood samples were collected after overnight fasting. Glycated haemoglobin value (HbA1c), total cholesterol and triglycerides were measured. Complete eye examination included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit lamp microscopy, and fundus examination with binocular indirect ophthalmoscope and plus 20D lens after mydriasis with topically administrated 1% tropicamide and 5% phenylephrine eye drops was done. According to the DR status, patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (no retinopathy; N= 168), group 2 diabetic retinopathy; N= 38) RESULT: Duration of type 2 diabetes was found longer with group 2 (9.6±4.5 years) as compare with group 1 (16.82±7.21 years). Association of body mass index (BMI) of type 2 diabetic patients (n =206) with diabetic retinopathy, no correlation was found with mean BMI in group 1 (25.48 ± 2.4) and group 2 (27.21± 2.0)( P value <0.1). In our study were found signicant correlation of HbA1c with DR (p value <.01). Mean value of HbA1c was higher in group 2 (8.41±.6) as compare with group 1 (7.01±.8). We found a signicant increase in total cholesterol (P <.01), triglycerides (P< 0.05) with the diabetic retinopathy

scholarly journals CNDP1, NOS3, and MnSOD Polymorphisms as Risk Factors for Diabetic Nephropathy among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Jokha Yahya ◽  
Patimah Binti Ismail ◽  
Norshariza Binti Nordin ◽  
Abdah Binti Md Akim ◽  
Wan Shaariah Binti Md Yusuf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Manganese Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Multiplicative Model ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic ◽  
Mode Of Inheritance

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a high incidence of nephropathy. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of a genetic polymorphism of carnosinase (CNDP1-D18S880and -rs2346061), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3-rs1799983), and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD-rs4880) genes with the development of diabetic nephropathy among Malaysian type 2 diabetic patients. A case-control association study was performed using 652 T2DM patients comprising 227 Malays (without nephropathy = 96 and nephropathy = 131), 203 Chinese (without nephropathy = 95 and nephropathy = 108), and 222 Indians (without nephropathy = 136 and nephropathy = 86). DNA sequencing was performed for theD18S880ofCNDP1, while the rest were tested using DNA Sequenom MassARRAY to identify the polymorphisms. DNA was extracted from the secondary blood samples taken from the T2DM patients. The alleles and genotypes were tested using four genetic models, and the best mode of inheritance was chosen based on the leastpvalue. Thers2346061ofCNDP1was significantly associated with diabetic nephropathy among the Indians only with OR = 1.94 and 95% CI = (1.76–3.20) and fitted best the multiplicative model, whileD18S880was associated among all the three major races with the Malays having the strongest association with OR = 2.46 and 95% CI = (1.48–4.10), Chinese with OR = 2.26 and 95% CI = (1.34–3.83), and Indians with OR = 1.77 and 95% CI = (1.18–2.65) in the genotypic multiplicative model. The best mode of inheritance for bothMnSODandNOS3was the additive model. ForMnSOD-rs4880, the Chinese had OR = 2.8 and 95% CI = (0.53–14.94), Indians had OR = 2.4 and 95% CI = (0.69–2.84), and Malays had OR = 2.16 and 95% CI = (0.54–8.65), while forNOS3-rs1799983, the Indians had the highest risk with OR = 3.16 and 95% CI = (0.52–17.56), followed by the Chinese with OR = 3.55 and 95% CI = (0.36–35.03) and the Malays with OR = 2.89 and 95% CI = (0.29–28.32). The four oxidative stress-related polymorphisms have significant effects on the development of nephropathy in type 2 diabetes patients. The genes may, therefore, be considered as risk factors for Malaysian subjects who are predisposed to T2DM nephropathy.

scholarly journals Association between Microalbuminuria and Hypertension in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Most. Zannatul Ferdous ◽  
M. A. Wahed ◽  
Zebunnesa Zeba
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Fasting Blood Sugar ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic ◽  
Group 1

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between microalbuminuria and hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients. Study Design: It was a descriptive type of cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in collaboration at a diabetic clinic and Hypertension and Research Centre, Rangpur, Bangladesh from January to March 2018. Methodology: A total of 180 diabetic patients were selected purposively age ranges 30-75 years. Anthropometric as well as biochemical measurement was done. Data was collected by a semi-structured questionnaire through face to face interview and analyzed by SPSS-20. Results: Study subjects were separated into two groups. Group 1, those with normoalbuminuria (n=49) and Group 2, those having microalbuminuria (n=131). The prevalence of microalbuminuria was 72.8%. Group 2 or microalbuminuric patients showed higher blood pressure values (113.50±8.90 mm of Hg) as compared to Group 1 (101.88±9.80 mm of Hg). The results were statistically significant (P≤0.05). Further this study showed fasting blood sugar, duration of diabetes, systolic blood pressure and high level of sCreatinine were independently associated with microalbuminuria in the study subjects. The results were also statistically significant (P≤0.05). Conclusion: Our study revealed high prevalence of microalbuminuria in diabetic patients and has an optimistic association with blood pressure. This study suggests the need to screen for microalbuminuria early and the active management of modifiable risk factors in particular fasting blood sugar, sCreatinine, hypertension for intervention and prevention of further complications like end stage renal disease and cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Serum levels of intestinal alkaline phosphatase in type 2 diabetic patients with enteropathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2337
Author(s):  
Debkumar Ray ◽  
Mrinal Kanti Ray
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic ◽  
Group 1

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients frequently have various distressing gastrointestinal signs and symptoms and intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) may be linked to it. Even after extensive search, there was dearth of literature related to IAP levels in serum of diabetic enteropathy subjects. So, using a case-control design, levels of IAP in the serum of T2DM subjects were determined.Methods: Serum IAP was measured by ELISA in 73 type 2 diabetic patients with enteropathy (group 1) and 71 type 2 diabetic patients without enteropathy (group 2). Statistical analysis of the data was performed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 16) and inferences were drawn.Results: Serum IAP was highly significantly reduced in group 1 (3.9 U/L) compared to group 2 (4.2 U/L).Conclusions: Enteropathy in T2DM may be related to reduction in IAP levels in serum. Estimation of serum IAP may be considered in type 2 diabetic patients with enteropathy, for the elaboration of treatment strategy and monitoring.

scholarly journals Association of BMI and HDL Cholesterol in Relation to Glycated Albumin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Babu Kondaveeti ◽  
Santosh Jagtap ◽  
Shilpa Kumar ◽  
Ankit Kumar Tiwari ◽  
Dipali Khopade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Glycated Albumin ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic ◽  
Group 1

Introduction: The main issue with the morbidity and mortality of type 2 diabetes is its associated health complications. In the last decade Glycated Albumin (GA) emerged as an extinguished marker for short-term glycaemic control. Aim: To Quadrate the association of Body Mass Index (BMI) along with HDL-cholesterol to GA in Type 2 diabetic cases. Materials and Methods: Total of 50 diabetic cases (Group 1) and 50 healthy non-diabetic control subjects (Group 2) recruited for the study between November 2017 to December 2018, which includes both males and females. Serum samples of both the groups were analysed to assess the lipid profile to GA levels along with BMI. Variations among groups was compared using student t-test by calculating r-values of the parametres and the pearson coefficient was calculated with significant p value at <0.05. Results: The levels of High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in group 1 when compared with group 2 were significantly lower. Both BMI and GA showed negative correlation with HDL-C levels in both the groups. (p values 0.051 and 0.331 respectively). To boot, there was a statistically undeviating reciprocity of Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol to GA levels, BMI to LDL-cholesterol and BMI to Triglycerides (TG). There was a statistically significant correlation between GA and BMI (r=0.240, p<0.0001) and there was a statistically significant negative correlation between GA and HDL-cholesterol (r=-0.286, p<0.051) in diabetic patients (group 1). The association between GA and LDL-cholesterol (r=0.271, p<0.0001) was also been found statistically significant in group 1. Conclusion: The present study suggests that GA can be adapted as a reliable prospective biomarker that endures the potentiality in prognostication of serum lipid levels in diabetic patients and also BMI is the key formidable feature of dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetic cases.

scholarly journals Nitric oxide modulation of renal and cardiac hemodynamics in type 2 diabetes

2002 ◽  
pp. 687-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Dalla Vestra ◽  
D Sacerdoti ◽  
G Bombonato ◽  
P Fioretto ◽  
G Finucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate endothelial function in type 2 diabetic patients with and without diabetic nephropathy. METHODS: We studied the effects of systemic infusion of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor NG-monomethyl-l-arginine (L-NMMA) on cardiovascular and renal hemodynamics in six type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria (D2-MA), six type 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria (D2-NA) and five control subjects. Both type 2 diabetic patients and control subjects had mild arterial hypertension. RESULTS: L-NMMA infusion decreased the cardiac index in all groups. A reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and an increase in filtration fraction were observed only in controls. Renal plasma flow decreased in controls and D2-NA patients and renal vascular resistance increased in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of L-NMMA on cardiac output was similar in controls and type 2 diabetic patients with and without diabetic nephropathy. In contrast, the effect on GFR was impaired in both diabetic groups, suggesting that glomerular NO homeostasis is altered in type 2 diabetes. Moreover the discrepancy, in diabetic patients, between cardiac and renal effects during L-NMMA infusion suggests that the modulation of glomerular hemodynamics is independent from NO-regulated cardiac output.

scholarly journals Polymorphism on Chromosome 9p21.3 Is Associated with Severity and Early-Onset CAD in Type 2 Diabetic Tunisian Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaouthar Abid ◽  
Donia Mili ◽  
Abderraouf Kenani
Keyword(s):  
Early Onset ◽  
Tunisian Population ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic ◽  
Group 1

Multiple association studies found that the human 9p21.3 chromosome locus is a risk factor for atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of the severity and early-onset of coronary artery disease with variant rs1333049 on chromosome 9p21.3 polymorphism and the impact of this variant on cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetic patients. The study population consisted of a control CAD group (101 patients) and 273 consecutive type 2 diabetic patients. Severity and extent of coronary atherosclerosis were scored numerically using the Gensini scoring system. The diabetic population was divided into three groups according to Gensini score: Group 1: no stenosis; Group 2: moderate CAD; Group 3, severe CAD. The homozygous CC genotype of rs1333049 was significantly associated with CAD in Group 2 (OR: 1.36;p=0.02) and Group 3 (OR: 5.77,p<0.001) compared to Group 1 (OR: 0.18;p=0.2) and control group (OR: 0.22;p=0.21). Among diabetic patients with early-onset CAD, CC genotype carriers had significantly higher Gensini scores than non-CC genotype carriers (49±21.3versus14.87±25.22;p<0.001). The homozygous CC genotype of rs1333049 confers a magnified risk of early-onset and severe CAD in type 2 diabetic Tunisian population.

scholarly journals Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist diminishes endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Simanenkova ◽  
M. N. Makarova ◽  
L. V. Vasina ◽  
M. I. Butomo ◽  
S. V. Dora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic ◽  
Pai 1 ◽  
Group 1

Objective. To evaluate liraglutide (LIR) endothelial protective action. Material and methods. Type 2 diabetic patients with HbA1C 7.5-9.0 % had metformin (MET) dose titrated for 3 months. Patients with HbA1C less than 7.5 % comprised group 1 (MET), more than 7.5 % - group 2 (MET+LIR). Blood concentrations of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), endothelin-1 (E) were evaluated at baseline, in 3, 6 and 9 months. Results. PAI-1 was increased in both groups and gradually decreased. T-PA was normal. E was primarily increased only in group 2. E was normal in group 1 in general, but enlarged with glycaemia increase. E decreased in group 2 with glycaemia improvement and worsening. Conclusions. Glycaemia control improvement decreases endothelial dysfunction. LIR improves vasomotor endothelial function, independently on its influence on glycaemia.

scholarly journals Microcirculatory dopplerography as a method to evaluate drugs endothelial protective properties in type 2 diabetic patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Simanenkova ◽  
M. N. Makarova ◽  
L. V. Vasina ◽  
M. I. Butomo ◽  
E. V. Shlyakhto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Circulating Markers ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic ◽  
Group 1

Objective - to identify the most accurate way of drugs endothelial protective properties evaluation. Material and methods. Blood endothelin-1 (E) and acetylcholine-induced endothelial dependent vasodilation (EDV) were measured for 9 months in type 2 diabetic patients receiving either metformin (MET) (group 1) or MET and liraglutide (LIR) (group 2). Results. E was normal in group 1 at baseline and decreased only with glycaemia decline, in group 2 it was primarily increased and declined independently on glycaemia dynamics. In both groups E normalized in 6 months. EDV was impaired primarily in groups 1 and 2 and normalized only in group 2 in 9 months. Conclusions. LIR improves endothelial function, independently on glycaemia. Dopplerography in more accurate in drugs endothelial protective effects evaluation than circulating markers.

scholarly journals Diabetic nephropathy: early markers for monitoring and prevention

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 565
Author(s):  
Vijayashree S. Gokhale ◽  
Kshithija R. Sajjan ◽  
Rupesh Parati ◽  
Keyuri Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Albumin Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Early Markers ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Background: Type 2 diabetes, with its complications is perpetually on the rise more so in India .Diabetic Nephropathy progresses silently, and manifests at a stage where, patient can be offered only renal replacement. This study was undertaken to detect early markers of Diabetic Nephropathy. Aims and objective of the study was to study early nephropathy by UACR (urinary albumin/creatinine ratio), RFT (renal function test) and e-GFR in Type 2 diabetic patients of more than 2 years duration, with and without hypertension.Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional observational study, of 100 patients, 18-60 years of age, of type 2 Diabetes of 2 year duration and above, of which 50 were only diabetic and 50 had diabetes and hypertension. Patients who had an established renal disease were excluded from study.Results: Our study of 100 patients, 18-60 years of age, had 23 male and 77 female patients. Maximum patients were in age group 41-50 years, and 52% had diabetes of 2-4 years duration. Of the renal parameters studied, BUN was normal in 72% and S. Creatinine normal in 67%. UACR was normal in only 38%, and e-GFR was normal in 49%.Conclusions: In our study age and sex, duration of Diabetes and HbA1c did not have any bearing on renal parameters. UACR followed by e-GFR, were deranged early. UACR was more deranged in diabetics with hypertension. 

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