scholarly journals Price Discrimination in Dynamic Cournot Competition

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Wei-li Zhang ◽  
Qi-Qing Song ◽  
Yi-Rong Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Price Discrimination ◽  
Stable Equilibrium ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Average Price ◽  
Cournot Duopoly ◽  
Discrete Dynamic System ◽  
Applied Study ◽  
Homogeneous Product ◽  
Dynamic Methods

This paper introduces a new Cournot duopoly game and gives an applied study for price discrimination in a market by dynamic methods. One of two oligopolies has two different prices for a homogeneous product, while the other charges one kind of price. It is found that there is only one stable equilibrium for the discrete dynamic system, and a corresponding stable condition is given. Using a discriminative price is not always beneficial to a firm in equilibrium. If both oligopolies carry out price discrimination, the market’s average price is lower than when only one oligopoly does it. The results are verified by numerical simulations.

scholarly journals The linkage of sugar phosphate polymer to peptidoglycan in walls of Micrococcus sp. 2102

1978 ◽  
Vol 169 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Heptinstall ◽  
J Coley ◽  
P J Ward ◽  
A R Archibald ◽  
J Baddiley
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Alkaline Hydrolysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Muramic Acid ◽  
Sugar Phosphate ◽  
Glycerol Phosphate ◽  
Homogeneous Product ◽  
A Chain

1. Protein-free walls of Micrococcus sp. 2102 contain peptidoglycan, poly-(N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate) and small amounts of glycerol phosphate. 2. After destruction of the poly-(N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate) with periodate, the glycerol phosphate remains attached to the wall, but can be removed by controlled alkaline hydrolysis. The homogeneous product comprises a chain of three glycerol phosphates and an additional phosphate residue. 3. The poly-(N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate) is attached through its terminal phosphate to one end of the tri(glycerol phosphate). 4. The other end of the glycerol phosphate trimer is attached through its terminal phosphate to the 3-or 4-position of an N-acetylglucosamine. It is concluded that the sequence of residues in the sugar 1-phosphate polymer-peptidoglycan complex is: (N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate)24-(glycerol phosphate)3-N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate-muramic acid (in peptidoglycan). Thus in this organism the phosphorylated wall polymer is attached to the peptidoglycan of the wall through a linkage unit comprising a chain of three glycerol phosphate residues and an N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate, similar to or identical with the linkage unit in Staphylococcus aureus H.

scholarly journals An Analysis of the Energetics of Tropical and Extra-Tropical Regions for Warm ENSO Composite Episodes

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-51
Author(s):  
Zayra Christine Sátyro ◽  
José Veiga
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Using Data

Abstract This study focuses on the quantification and evaluation of the effects of ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) warm phases, using a composite of five intense El Niño episodes between 1979 – 2011 on the Energetic Lorenz Cycle for four distinct regions around the globe: 80° S – 5° N (region 1), 50° S – 5° N (region 2), 30° S – 5° N (region 3), and 30° S – 30° N (region 4), using Data from NCEP reanalysis-II. Briefly, the results showed that zonal terms of potential energy and kinetic energy were intensified, except for region 1, where zonal kinetic energy weakened. Through the analysis of the period in which higher energy production is observed, a strong communication between the available zonal potential and the zonal kinetic energy reservoirs can be identified. This communication weakened the modes linked to eddies of potential energy and kinetic energy, as well as in the other two baroclinic conversions terms. Furthermore, the results indicate that for all the regions, the system itself works to regain its stable condition.

scholarly journals Protein supplements between consumer's opinion and quality control: an applied study in jordan

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1961-1969
Author(s):  
Talal Aburjai ◽  
Rudaina Othman Yousif ◽  
Mahmood Jasim AlSamydai ◽  
Ali Al-Samydai ◽  
Farah Al-Mamoori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Reverse Phase ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
Applied Study ◽  
Other Substances

The consumption of dietary supplements has nowadays become popular, especially in Jordanian sports clubs and gyms. In fact, there is a widespread idea, among consumers, that these proteins contain hormones in order to increase their efficiency. The objective of this study is to develop a better understanding of customer opinion in an era that increased growth in Jordan and improves a chromatographic method to detect the testosterone in protein supplements. The method of this study, six popular types of proteins in the Jordan market have been chosen after conducting a primary study of the proteins' users by questionnaires to identify their opinions about these proteins. These proteins have been analyzed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography by developing an easy and fast method to detect testosterone signal between 8-9 minutes of the chromatogram. The results of the study showed that 61% of the users believe that sport proteins contain hormones and other substances that are not mentioned in the list of ingredients. While 39% believe otherwise. On the other side, HPLC results of six proteins showed no signs for testosterone hormone. The main reason that drives them to take sport proteins is for building muscles in spite of they believe it could be harmful due to containing hormones and other substances. So in future investigations, it might be possible to use different brands and investigate them by using the same method.

scholarly journals Antegrade Double-J Stenting in Grossly Dilated and Tortuous Ureters

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
Manish Kiran Shreshta ◽  
Amey Narkhede ◽  
Arun Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Guide Wire ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Percutaneous Nephrostomy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Retrograde Approach ◽  
External Drainage ◽  
Ureteric Stent ◽  
Ureteric Stenting ◽  
Pull Through ◽  
Turning Maneuver

AbstractFailure of retrograde approach for ureteric stenting warrants percutaneous nephrostomy with antergrade stenting to relieve the pressure symptoms and prevent the need for external drainage. However, in some tight ureteric strictures with grossly dilated tortuous ureter it may not be possible to navigate a ureteric stent across. In such instances pull through or rendezvous techniques have been advocated. Here, we have illustrated simple and novel techniques for traversing tortuous ureters with tight strictures. In one instance, a guide wire was snared via the perurethral approach and the system stabilized from both ends; the flexometallic sheath was then advanced into the urinary bladder across the stricture and a ureteric stent was deployed. In the other situation where the ureter was very tortuous, plain twisting and turning maneuver with retraction of whole assembly was done to straighten the ureter followed by advancement of the flexometallic sheath and stationing of the ureteric stent. In both the cases no significant procedure-related complications were seen and patients were discharged in stable condition. Our experience has led us to believe that occasionally all facilities may not be accessible immediately or the desired armamentarium may be unavailable for interventional radiologists, especially when the patient is on the table; in such cases, simple improvisation and techniques can come in handy to place a ureteric stent across a dilated tortuous ureter.

scholarly journals Partial Cross-Ownership, Cost Asymmetries, and Welfare

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Fanti
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Policy Implication ◽  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Cournot Duopoly ◽  
Cross Ownership ◽  
The Cross

The present study analyses the effects on social welfare of the existence of cross-participation at ownership level in a Cournot duopoly. We show that cross-participation, although it lowers the degree of competition by reducing total output and consumer surplus, may increase social welfare, provided that (i) the firm owned by a single shareholder is less efficient than the other (cross-participated) firm and (ii) the size of the market is not too large. Therefore, the policy implication is that larger cross-participations at ownership level should be favoured, despite their anticompetitive nature, when the cross-participated firm is relatively more efficient and the extent of the market is not too large.

scholarly journals The Cost Potential of Shallot in Rasi Salai District, Sisaket Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 3905-3908
Author(s):  
Piyachat Thongpaeng, Jeeranan Wongwatanyoo, Apinya Bhumsaidon
Keyword(s):  
General Information ◽  
The Other ◽  
Average Price ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Primary Level ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Cost

This research aimed to study the cost potential of shallot in Rasi Salai District, Sisaket Province in order to lead to planning on pricing, marketing, improving the quality of shallot and analyzing data of farmers and shallot production. The research findings on the general information of shallot farmers revealed that they consisted of 75% of males and 25% of females with 40-49 years of age or 50%. Most of their educational levels were 55% of primary level or lower. They grew shallot together with other crops. The Bang Chang varieties (local shallot varieties of Sisaket Province) were grown most of 75% and the other 25% of local northern verities called Hom Bua. The 70% of planting shallots were harvested from the last season and the other 30% were purchased from other farmers in the market.  The shallot productivity per rai was uncertain depending on the caring, fertilizing and disturbing disease. Approximately 35% of the farmers harvested 1,200-1,500 kilograms per rai or 25%. Regarding the production cost of shallot, it was found that the average mount was 8,151.5 baht per rai with the highest amount of verities of 3,250 baht per rai or 15.2%. The cost of insecticide was 1,000 baht or 10.2% of the total cost. In addition, the least cost was transportation for 3.3% only because most merchants bought shallots at the farming sites.  According to sale data, 70% of the farmers sold local verieties of Sisaket Province with average price of 30 baht per kilogram, followed by 15% of Hom Bua with an average price of 45 baht per kilogram. The average income earned by farmers in each household was different at 20,001-25,000 baht per rai

scholarly journals Impact of Reducing Federal Order Class I Differential on Representative Texas and New Mexico Dairy Farms

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe L. Outlaw ◽  
Ronald D. Knutson ◽  
Robert B. Schwart ◽  
John Holt ◽  
James W. Richardson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Price Discrimination ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Dairy Policy ◽  
Marketing Orders ◽  
Milk Marketing

AbstractThe General Accounting Office (GAO) recommended that the USDA substantially reduce or eliminate the extent of price discrimination practiced under federal milk marketing orders. The purpose of this study was to quantify the impacts of alternative means of implementing the GAO proposal on the economic viability of Texas and New Mexico dairy farms. Five dairy farms were simulated for six years under the current dairy policy and five alternative proposals. Results of the analyses indicate that large New Mexico dairies can remain economically viable under all of the alternatives. On the other hand, federal order policy changes would accelerate the loss of equity for moderate size Texas dairy farms.

SUPPLY CHAIN COORDINATION WITH CONTRACTS GAME BETWEEN COMPLEMENTARY SUPPLIERS

2007 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 163-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
DING DING ◽  
JIAN CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Stable Equilibrium ◽  
Supply Chain Coordination ◽  
Stochastic Demand ◽  
The Other ◽  
Simple Rule ◽  
Return Policies ◽  
Return Policy ◽  
Single Period ◽  
Period Model

This paper studies a supply chain consisting of two suppliers and an assembler who also acts as a retailer in a single period model. The suppliers provide complementary modules to the assembler and the latter assembles the final products and sells them to meet a stochastic demand. Each supplier can improve his performance by offering a return policy to the assembler while the best contract depends on that offered by the other supplier. We show that the non-cooperative contracts game between the firms has a unique and stable equilibrium in which the optimal return policies happen to fully coordinate the whole channel. Moreover, the suppliers still have the rights to negotiate with the assembler independently to share their profits properly. With such properties, the suppliers are encouraged to offer return policies to the assembler by following a simple rule derived from the favorable equilibrium, which will lead to a win-win-win situation.

New Sensitivity Analysis on Graphene Nanoribbon Interconnects to Determine Importance of Parameters

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 706-710
Author(s):  
Zahra Zamini ◽  
Soroor Rahimi Khamaneh ◽  
Amin Jadidi ◽  
Babak Roshanipour
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Transfer Function ◽  
Impulse Response ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Graphene Nanoribbon ◽  
The Other ◽  
Step Response ◽  
Multilayer Graphene ◽  
System Sensitivity ◽  
Length Increase

In this paper sensitivity of a multilayer graphene nanoribbon (MGNR) interconnects parameters investigated. System sensitivity was studied on parameters like length and width in stable condition. The obtained results show with increasing width and length sensitivity will decrease and increase respectively. Impulse response diagram results show with increasing 50% width sensitivity will be zero but with increasing 50% length amplitude will decrease and the time of setting will increase. On the other hand from step response of transfer function, both width and length increase cause more stability for a system but the width parameter will be better choices for manipulating the dimension of MLGNR to reach the stable system.

scholarly journals A Bi-Stable von-Mises Truss for Morphing Applications Actuated Using Shape Memory Alloys

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvestro Barbarino ◽  
Farhan S. Gandhi ◽  
Rodolphe Visdeloup
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium State ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Stable Equilibrium ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stable Equilibrium State ◽  
Actuation Force ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
System Equilibrium ◽  
Governing Differential Equation ◽  
Von Mises

The present study focuses on a bi-stable von-Mises truss (VMT), with integrated Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) wires which are resistively heated to provide the actuation force to transition the VMT from one stable equilibrium condition to the other, and back. This coupled VMT-SMA system can potentially be used in structural morphing applications. The paper considers in detail the design of the system, equilibrium between the VMT and the SMA wires, the initial pre-stress required in the two SMA wires, explains how the active (heated) SMA wire drives the VMT beyond the unstable equilibrium state, and the VMT in moving to the second stable equilibrium state pre-stresses the passive (unheated) SMA wire. The two SMA wires switch roles in moving the VMT back from the second to the first stable equilibrium state. A prototype is designed and fabricated and the transition of the VMT from one equilibrium state to the other, and back, is experimentally demonstrated. The governing differential equation representing the VMT behavior is coupled with equations representing the SMA behavior based on the Brinson thermo-mechanical model. The numerical predictions of system displacements versus temperature and time show good correlation with experimental results.

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