Unintentional Injuries and Sociodemographic Factors among Households in Ethiopia

Background. Unintentional injuries are a public health problem throughout the world including Africa. Most of the injury studies in Ethiopia are from the healthcare facility or workplace that does not reflect the problem at the community level. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the unintentional injuries and sociodemographic factors among households in Ethiopia. Methods. This study was done from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey conducted in 2016. The survey collected information about unintentional injuries and injury mechanisms in the past 12 months among 16,650 households. The selection of households was from nine regions and two city administrations of Ethiopia using a stratified cluster sampling procedure. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the data and the chi-square test was applied as a test of significance and a p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result. Of the 16,650 households that participated in the study, 394 (2.4%) reported that at least one household member suffered from an unintentional injury in the past 12 months. The leading mechanisms of injury were unintentional falls (152 falls, 33.2%) and road traffic incidents (96 incidents, 21.0%). Among household members who were injured, 84.3% survived and 15.7% died because of the injury. Divorce marital status of the household head [AOR: 2.12, 95% CI (1.12–4.41)] and family size of the household ≥ 6 [AOR:1.65, 95% CI (1.21–2.26)] were associated with high likelihood of occurrence of an injury, while lowest household wealth index [AOR: 0.69, 95% CI (0.50–0.95)] was protective against injuries. Conclusion. A low prevalence of unintentional injury was found from the community in this survey, which might be due to the tendency of the community to report severe injuries. Fall and road traffic accidents were the leading mechanisms of selected sociodemographic factors of the households that were associated with unintentional injuries. Injury prevention efforts should focus on falls and transportation injuries with special attention to the sociodemographic context of the communities.

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Incidence, Etiology, and Patterns of Maxillofacial Fractures in Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt: A 4-Year Retrospective Study

Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction ◽

10.1055/s-0034-1374061 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 224-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Amr Mabrouk ◽

Hesham Helal ◽

AbdelRahman Mohamed ◽

Nada Mahmoud

Keyword(s):

Road Traffic ◽

Facial Trauma ◽

P Value ◽

Published Data ◽

Trauma Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Male Predominance ◽

The Past ◽

Maxillofacial Fractures ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

Although there is a worldwide increase in maxillofacial trauma incidence; the pattern and etiology of these injuries varies from one country to another depending on socioeconomic, cultural, and environmental factors. This study aims to realize the epidemiological characteristics of maxillofacial fractures in our department. A retrospective cross-sectional study of all facial trauma patients admitted to our department during 2009 to 2012. Patients’ data including gender, age, etiology of trauma, the pattern and demographic distribution of fractures of maxillofacial skeleton, and associated injuries were analyzed and compared with previously published data. The chi-square test was used with a p value of less than 0.05, which was considered statistically significant. There is a significant increase in maxillofacial fractures incidence in the past 2 years than former ones. There is a male predominance with highest incidence in the age group of 20 to 40 years. Road traffic accident is the most common etiological factor followed by violence. There is increase in mandibular fracture incidence compared with midface. The significant increased incidence of maxillofacial fracture due to motor car accidents and assaults in the past 2 years reflects a behavioral change within the community.

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Prevalence and associated factors of adolescent fatherhood in Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis using the 2016 Ethiopian demographic health survey data

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0249024 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. e0249024

Author(s):

Misganaw Gebrie Worku ◽

Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema ◽

Achamyeleh Birhanu Teshale

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Survey ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Household Head ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Information Criteria ◽

P Value ◽

Significant Variable ◽

Adolescent Fatherhood

Background Though the consequences of teenage pregnancy and early motherhood has been studied very well, little is known about the magnitude as well as the determinants of adolescent fatherhood. Unlike adolescent motherhood, limited public health programs are working on adolescent fatherhood. Currently, in developed countries, there is an increased work to acknowledge teen fathers in clinical practice and in the research forum, but still, there are more issues that need to be addressed in developing countries including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of adolescent fatherhood in Ethiopia based on the nationally representative survey. Methods This study used the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data. A total weighted sample of 4455 adolescent men was included for the final analysis. For the associated factors, multilevel logistic regression analysis was conducted to consider the hierarchical nature of the EDHS data. Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC), and deviance (-2LLR) were used for model comparison and for assessing model fitness. The model with the largest adjusted R2, lowest Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC) and the smallest cross-validation prediction error were considered as the best-fitted model. In the multivariable analysis, the Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were reported to declare the presence of statistically significant factors associated with adolescent fatherhood, and variables with p-value <0.05 were considered as a significant variable. Results The prevalence of adolescent fatherhood in Ethiopia was 6.79% [95%CI; 6.08%, 7.56%]. Adolescent men with contraceptive knowledge [AOR = 4.25; 95%CI = 1.23, 14.69], age in 20 to 24 years [AOR = 7.93; 95%CI = 3.66, 17.27] and being Muslim [AOR = 1.84; 95%CI = 1.02, 3.39] were significantly associated with Higher odds of adolescent fatherhood. Individuals who initiate sex lately [AOR = 0.35; 95%CI = 0.22, 0.54], being in female-headed family [AOR = 0.46; 95%CI; 0.26, 0.82] and being from Amhara region [AOR = 0.35; 95%CI = 0.14, 0.84] were significantly associated with lower odds of adolescent fatherhood. Conclusion In this study, adolescent fatherhood was a common public health problem in Ethiopia as it is closely linked with poor quality of life and premature death (year of potential life lost). Age of respondent, knowledge of respondent about contraceptive methods, early initiation of sex, religion, sex of household head, and region were significantly associated with adolescent fatherhood. Therefore, program planners and decision-makers should give special attention to adolescent men through enhancing reproductive health services utilization and their knowledge towards it to decrease the incidence of adolescent fatherhood.

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Prevalence and associated factors of anemia among adolescent girls and boys at 10-14 years in rural western China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-28463/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zhonghai Zhu ◽

Christopher R. Sudfeld ◽

Yue Cheng ◽

Qi Qi ◽

Shaoru Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adolescent Girls ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Household Wealth ◽

Western China ◽

World Health ◽

P Value ◽

Adolescent Girls And Boys ◽

Critical Age ◽

Health Organization

Abstract Background: Evidence on the prevalence and associated factors of anemia among young adolescent girls and boys in rural western China is limited. Methods: We used data from a follow-up study of adolescents (10-14 years) born to women who participated in a randomized trial of antenatal micronutrient supplementation in western China. Anemia was defined by World Health Organization standards. Logistic regression was used to examine the risk factors for anemia. Results: The overall prevalence of anemia was 11.7% (178/1517). Female adolescents were 1.73 (95% CI 1.21, 2.48) times more likely to have anemia as compared to males. Adolescents whose mothers had completed high school were 65% (95% CI 7%, 87%) less likely to be anemic, compared with those of whom had <3 years. Household wealth was also inversely associated with anemia. The association of puberty status with anemia was modified by adolescent sex (p-value for interaction was 0.04): males with greater than mild puberty development had 65% (95% CI 17%, 85%) reduced odds of anemia while there was no association among females (OR: 0.72, 95% CI 0.29, 1.78). Consumption of flesh foods, eggs, and having a meal frequency of three times or more per day were associated with 42% (95% CI 11%, 62%), 40% (95% CI 7%, 62%) and 32% (95% CI 4%, 52%) reduced odds of anemia, respectively. Conclusions: Anemia is a public health problem among adolescents in rural western China. Nutritional and social determinants were identified as predictors, warranting interventions to reduce the risk of anemia among this critical age group.

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Unintentional injury deaths among American Indian residents of the Fort Apache Indian Reservation, 2006–2012

Injury Prevention ◽

10.1136/injuryprev-2018-043082 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 574-576

Author(s):

Anne Kenney ◽

Wendy Shields ◽

Alexandra Hinton ◽

Francene Larzelere ◽

Novalene Goklish ◽

...

Keyword(s):

American Indian ◽

American Indians ◽

Age Distribution ◽

Unintentional Injury ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Targeted Prevention ◽

Unintentional Injuries ◽

Indian Reservation ◽

Injury Death ◽

Fort Apache Indian Reservation

This study aims to describe the epidemiology of unintentional injury deaths among American Indian residents of the Fort Apache Indian Reservation between 2006 and 2012. Unintentional injury death data were obtained from the Arizona Department of Health Services and death rates were calculated per 100 000 people per year and age adjusted using data obtained from Indian Health Service and the age distribution of the 2010 US Census. Rate ratios were calculated using the comparison data obtained through CDC’s Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System. The overall unintentional injury mortality rate among American Indians residing on the Fort Apache Indian Reservation between 2006 and 2012 was 107.0 per 100 000. When stratified by age, White Mountain Apache Tribe (WMAT) mortality rates for all unintentional injuries exceed the US all races rate except for ages 10–14 for which there were no deaths due to unintentional injury during this period. The leading causes of unintentional injury deaths were MVCs and poisonings. Unintentional injuries are a significant public health problem in the American Indian and Alaska Native communities. Tribal-specific analyses are critical to inform targeted prevention and priority setting.

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Determinants of Accident Occurrence among Commercial Motor Cycle Riders in Kaloleni Sub-County, Kilifi County, Kenya

Multidisciplinary Journal of Technical University of Mombasa ◽

10.48039/mjtum.v1i2.35 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 36-47

Author(s):

Baya Mkaha Zuma ◽

Shadrack Ayieko Yonge ◽

Joseph Baya Msanzu ◽

Rahma Udu Yussuf

Keyword(s):

Traffic Accident ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

High Rate ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

African Region ◽

The Past ◽

Road Fatality ◽

Motorcycle Accidents ◽

Structured Questionnaire

Motorcycle accidents remain one of the main global concerns despite extensive research and interventions. The African region has the highest road fatality rates globally, in spite of being the least motorized region. Kenya has an estimated road fatality rate of 20.9 per 100,000 people, higher than that of the European region. There has been an increased use of motorcycles in Kenya over the last decade, so has the number of deaths from motorcycle injury. This study was aimed to establish the determinants of accident occurrence among commercial motorcycle riders in Kaloleni sub-County, Kilifi County, Kenya. A self- administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 279 commercial motorcycle riders. Factors associated with accident occurrence were analysed using both bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results showed that 29.2% of the respondents had been involved in a road traffic accident in the past 12 months by the time of the study. Factors that were independently associated with motorcycle accidents included riding experience of more than 8 years (p = 0.040), alcohol use (p = 0.040), slippery roads (p = 0.020) and pot holes on roads (p = <0.001). Moreover, participants acquired their riding skills from friends (64.9%) or self-trained (33.6%). It can be concluded that motorcycle accidents is still a major public health problem in the study area due to the recorded high rate. Thus, it is recommended that all motorcyclists should be well trained and issued with riding license after attending formal training, and strict penalties imposed against anybody contravening road traffic rules. Moreover, roads should be continuously improved to reduce accident rates.

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Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anemia Among Adolescent Girls and Boys at 10-14 Years in Rural Western China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-28463/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zhonghai Zhu ◽

Christopher R. Sudfeld ◽

Yue Cheng ◽

Qi Qi ◽

Shaoru Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Associated Factors ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Household Wealth ◽

Western China ◽

World Health ◽

P Value ◽

Adolescent Girls And Boys ◽

Critical Age ◽

Health Organization

Abstract Background:Evidence on the prevalence and associated factors of anemia among young adolescentgirls and boys in rural western Chinais limited.Methods: We used data from a follow-up study of adolescents (10-14 years) born to women who participated in a randomized trial of antenatal micronutrient supplementation in western China. Anemia was defined by World Health Organization standards. Logistic regression was used to examine the riskfactors for anemia.Results: The overall prevalence of anemia was 11.7% (178/1517). Female adolescents were 1.73 (95% CI 1.21, 2.48) times more likely to have anemia as compared to males. Adolescents whose mothers had completed high school were 65% (95%CI 7%, 87%) less likely to be anemic, compared with those of whom had <3 years. Household wealth was also inversely associated with anemia. The association of puberty status with anemia was modified by adolescent sex (p-value for interaction was 0.04): males with greater than mild puberty development had 65% (95% CI 17%, 85%) reduced odds of anemia while there was no association among females (OR:0.72, 95% CI 0.29, 1.78). Consumption of flesh foods, eggs,and having a meal frequency of three times or more per day wereassociated with 42% (95% CI 11%, 62%), 40% (95% CI 7%, 62%) and 32% (95% CI 4%, 52%) reduced odds of anemia, respectively.Conclusions: Anemia is a public health problem among adolescents in rural western China. Nutritional and social determinants were identified as predictors, warranting interventions to reduce the risk of anemia among this critical age group.

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Unintentional Injury Outcomes Secondary to Pedestrian Traffic Crashes: A Descriptive Analysis from a Major Medical Center

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x00007299 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (5) ◽

pp. 443-446 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Adeleke O. Ifesanya ◽

Dolapo Afuwape ◽

Victoria N. Okoje ◽

Atinuke Agunloye ◽

Olusola Odole ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Head Injury ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Medical Center ◽

Unintentional Injury ◽

World Health ◽

Road Traffic Crash ◽

Severe Injuries ◽

Southwestern Nigeria ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Road Crash

AbstractIntroduction:An environment in which traffic regulations are not strictly enforced often is characterized by carnage from motor vehicular crashes resulting in severe injuries with unacceptably high mortality. The descriptive demographics and injury characteristics of pedestrian road crash victims presenting to a tertiary medical center in southwestern Nigeria are presented in order to provide baseline epidemiology as a first step in determining areas of potential mitigation for care of unintentional injuries.Methods:Consecutive pedestrian road traffic crash patients treated in the Accident and Emergency Department of a tertiary hospital were prospective-ly reviewed from March 2007 to February 2008 to determine baseline demo-graphics and clinical outcomes.Results:A total of 184 patients with a mean value of the ages of 31.4 years were studied; 27% of the patients were <11 years of age. The male to female ratio was 1.6:1. Fifty-four percent of the victims were struck by automobiles and 29% were struck by motorcycles. Sixty-five percent were struck while crossing common thoroughfares. Head injury was sustained in 61% of patients. The mortality rate was 31.0% (n = 57). The clinical course leading to death showed 22.8% of the patients who died initially experienced hemorrhagic shock, 17.5% suffered a severe head injury, and 17.5% suffered aspiration. Autopsy confirmed brainstem herniation in 28.1% of the patients who died. The average interval between injury and death was 5.5 ±13.6 days (range: 0–77 days). In this setting, three out of every ten patients experienc-ing pedestrian vehicular trauma will die before leaving the hospital.The elder-ly are most at risk, with two-thirds of victims dying from injuries sustained.Conclusions:This raises serious questions about the prehospitaland hospi-tal-based emergency services for vehicular road crash victims in this environ-ment, and confirms the World Health Organization findings that Africa has the highest rate overall for unintentional injury deaths. A system-wide program must be put in place that addresses proven prevention measures across all sectors of the community.

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Prevalence and behavioural associations of unintentional injuries among Chinese college students: a 50-University population-based study

Injury Prevention ◽

10.1136/injuryprev-2018-042751 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 52-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dan Wu ◽

Tingzhong Yang ◽

Randall R Cottrell ◽

Huan Zhou ◽

Xueying Feng

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Internet Use ◽

Unintentional Injury ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Medical Attention ◽

Sport Injuries ◽

Unintentional Injuries ◽

Chinese College Students ◽

The Past ◽

Behavioural Factors

ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence, demographic characteristics and behavioural correlates of unintentional injuries among Chinese college students.MethodsA cross-sectional multistage survey sampling process was conducted among 11 770 undergraduates from 50 universities in China. Students were asked to report different types of unintentional injuries that required medical attention from a doctor over the past year. The χ² test and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to identify factors associated with these injuries.ResultsThe overall unintentional injury prevalence was 47.9% (95% CI 47.6% to 48.2%). Most injuries occurred at sport venues (24.0%), following by home/dormitory injuries (20.5%) and traffic injuries (13.0%). Some behavioural factors exhibiting significant associations with overall unintentional injuries were: sleeping less than 7 hours (OR=1.32, 95% CI 1.27 to 1.37), smoking (OR=1.28, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.32), alcohol consumption (OR=1.74, 95% CI 1.69 to 1.78) and heavy internet use (OR=1.60, 95% CI 1.52 to 1.67). Male students were more likely to be involved in traffic and sport injuries than female students. Students majoring in non-medical fields had a higher risk of sport and home injuries than students majoring in medical fields. Those who drank alcohol, slept less than 7 hours or who reported heavy internet use were more likely to experience all types of injuries than students who did not participate in these behaviours. Finally, students who smoked had a higher likelihood of traffic and sport injuries than non-smoking students.ConclusionsA substantial number of college students reported injuries in the past year, and several key behavioural factors were associated with injuries. These findings could be beneficial for the design, implementation and assessment of injury intervention programme with college students. Based on these findings, policy implications for unintentional injury prevention and control were also considered.

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Study of socio-demographic patterns and epidemiological correlates of unintentional injuries among 1-5 year children in Moradabad

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20175797 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 275

Author(s):

Sachin Singh Yadav ◽

Anurag Shrivastava ◽

Prabhaker Mishra ◽

Anish Prabhakar

Keyword(s):

Road Traffic ◽

Critical Role ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Research Centre ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Unintentional Injuries ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Family ◽

The World

Background: Unintentional injuries among children are an emerging public health problem. Accidental injuries are one of the leading causes of death, hospitalization and disability across the world. Fragile, helpless and innocent, an infant enters the world completely dependent on its caretakers. Children’s environment plays a critical role, both in the occurrence and severity of an injury. Hence, this study was carried out to assess the domestic unintentional injuries among under-five children. Methods: This cross-sectional study was undertaken in the urban field practice area of Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre Moradabad. Information about domestic accidents among the family members in the last one year from the date of survey was obtained by interviewing the head of the family or responsible member of the family age ≥ 18 year. Study target sample size was taken 440 was selected by using two stage cluster sampling technique. Results: Out of 440 children 20% (88) reported to have experience unintentional injuries. History of fall was the commonest 42 (47.3%) form of injury reported followed by injury due to sharp object and road traffic accident. Toddlers, male child were affected more. Only 48.9% caregivers were aware about first aid measures to be taken after unintentional injury, 71.3% participants reported implementation of preventive measures. Conclusions: Unintentional injuries are becoming more common. We recommend for prompt and target group interventions in order to prevent and control the domestic accidents, promotion of household safety measures and creation of awareness among the community using information, education, and communication (IEC) interventions have to be undertaken.

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Anemia and associated factors among adolescent girls and boys at 10-14 years in rural western China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-28463/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zhonghai Zhu ◽

Christopher R. Sudfeld ◽

Yue Cheng ◽

Qi Qi ◽

Shaoru Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adolescent Girls ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Household Wealth ◽

Western China ◽

World Health ◽

P Value ◽

Adolescent Girls And Boys ◽

Critical Age ◽

Health Organization

Abstract Background: Evidence on the anemia and associated factors among young adolescent girls and boys in rural western China is limited.Methods: We used data from a follow-up study of adolescents (10-14 years) born to women who participated in a randomized trial of antenatal micronutrient supplementation in western China. Anemia was defined by World Health Organization standards. Logistic regression was used to examine the associated factors with anemia.Results: The overall prevalence of anemia was 11.7% (178/1517). Female adolescents were 1.73 (95% CI 1.21, 2.48) times more likely to have anemia as compared to males. Adolescents whose mothers had completed high school were 65% (95% CI 7%, 87%) less likely to be anemic, compared with those of whom had <3 years. Household wealth was also inversely associated with anemia. The association of puberty status with anemia was modified by adolescent sex (p-value for interaction was 0.04): males with greater than mild puberty development had 65% (95% CI 17%, 85%) reduced odds of anemia while there was no association among females (OR: 0.72, 95% CI 0.29, 1.78). Consumption of flesh foods, eggs, and having a meal frequency of three times or more per day were associated with 42% (95% CI 11%, 62%), 40% (95% CI 7%, 62%) and 32% (95% CI 4%, 52%) reduced odds of anemia, respectively.Conclusions: Anemia is a mild public health problem among young adolescents in rural western China. Nutritional and social determinants were identified as predictors, warranting interventions to reduce the risk of anemia among this critical age group.

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