Multiperspective Bus Route Planning in a Stackelberg Game Framework

Bus route planning is a challenging task due to multiple perspective interactions among passengers, service providers, and government agencies. This paper presents a multidimensional Stackelberg-game-based framework and mathematical model to best trade off the decisions of multiple stakeholders that previous literature rarely captures, i.e., governments, service providers, and passengers, in planning a new bus route or adjusting an existing one. The proposed model features a bilevel structure with the upper level reflecting the perspective of government agencies in subsidy allocation and the lower level representing the decisions of service providers in dispatching frequency and bus fleet size design. The bilevel model is framed as a Stackelberg game where government agencies take the role of “leader” and service providers take the role of “follower” with social costs and profits set as payoffs, respectively. This Stackelberg-game-based framework can reflect the decision sequence of both participants as well as their competition or collaboration relationship in planning a bus route. The impact of such decisions on the mode and route choices of passengers is captured by a Nested Logit model. A partition-based bisection algorithm is developed to solve the proposed model. Results from a case study in Shanghai validate the effectiveness and performance of the proposed model and algorithm.

Download Full-text

Assessment of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the poverty of households

Economics. Finances. Law ◽

10.37634/efp.2021.11(1).7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11/1 (-) ◽

pp. 37-39

Author(s):

Olena POSHYVALOVA

Keyword(s):

Economic Impact ◽

Social Protection ◽

Economic Implications ◽

Exogenous Shocks ◽

Proposed Model ◽

The Social ◽

National Economies ◽

The Impact ◽

Information Basis

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused grave and severe losses in many of the economies across the globe. The impact and the duration of the economic crisis occurring due to the pandemic among certain households is difficult to anticipate since the indeterminacy is being defined through the duration of the crisis and costs for the recovery of the economy. The purpose of the paper is to study theoretical aspects related to the assessment of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the poverty of households. Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study are modern theories, concepts, hypotheses. Comparative analysis is used. The methodological and information basis of the work are scientific works, materials of periodicals, information resources. Results. The paper incorporates a content analysis of studies focusing on the economic impact of the COVID-19 on the development of national economies. The majority of studies assess economic implications of the COVID-19 however they are concentrated on the macroeconomic and financial impact of the Corona Crisis. The impact on national economies is subsequently reduced to the microlevel, specifically the social and economic impact on individuals. Nonetheless, there is a need for a microanalysis which may better describe the interrelation between sectors and countries (the effect of macroeconomic aggregate indicators) and supplement the macroanalysis, providing more relevant evaluations of the impact of the distribution of income, outline the authorities of households, the role of people's savings, determine the resilience of households. The work establishes main assumptions and restrictions of formulating the model of impact of social and economic implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on the poverty of households Conclusion. Taking into consideration the distribution of incomes for various sectors, the proposed model allows to ensure the assessment of losses in the consumption of households, savings depletion and time for their recovery. It has been proven that without the social protection of the population the Corona Crisis will lead to a massive economic shock for the national economy. Prospects of further studies lie in the assessment of the impact of indirect macro-level factors, role of indeterminacy in the decision-making of households and implications in case of numerous waves of social crisis as well as the possible effect in the condition of concurrent exogenous shocks.

Download Full-text

Servitization strategies from customers’ perspective: the moderating role of co-creation

Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing ◽

10.1108/jbim-02-2017-0028 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 628-642 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

José L. Ruiz-Alba ◽

Anabela Soares ◽

Miguel A. Rodríguez-Molina ◽

Dolores M. Frías-Jamilena

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation ◽

Business Models ◽

Service Providers ◽

Moderating Effect ◽

Mediating Effect ◽

Content Type ◽

The Impact ◽

Moderating Role ◽

Different Levels

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the moderating role of co-creation in the implementation of servitization strategies in the pharmaceutical industry in a business-to-business (B-to-B) context. More specifically, this investigation explores the impact of different levels of services (base, intermediate and advanced) on servitization and on performance by using co-creation as a moderating factor. Design/methodology/approach A research framework was developed and empirically tested in the pharmaceutical sector. Data collection was conducted through the online distribution of questionnaires. The final sample included 219 pharmacy stores, and the data were analysed using structural equation modelling. Findings Main findings suggest that when the level of co-creation of the design of services is high, there are significant effects of servitization on firm performance. The moderating effect of co-creation is illustrated in regard to intermediate and advanced services, but results referring to the impact of intermediate services on servitization appear non-significant with a low degree of co-creation. No significant effects could be found for the impact of base services on performance and servitization for both high and low degrees of co-creation. Findings show an impact of advanced services on performance through the mediating effect of servitization when the degree of co-creation is high. Originality/value Most research concerning servitization has been done from the perspective of manufacturers and service providers. This study adds value to the literature because it was designed from a customer’s perspective. Moreover, it contributes towards the conceptualization of the servitization research strategy and business models in a B2B context. This is accomplished through the investigation of the moderating effect of co-creation on the impact of the different levels of services on servitization and on performance.

Download Full-text

A Proposed Model to Investigate the Impact of Moral Intelligence and Early Maladaptive Schemas on Emotional Divorce Regarding the Mediating Role of Marital Burnout in Women Referring to Psychological Centers, Ahvaz, Iran

10.32592/ajnpp.2021.8.1.108 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Path Analysis ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Early Maladaptive Schemas ◽

Maladaptive Schemas ◽

Statistical Population ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Proposed Model ◽

Moral Intelligence ◽

The Impact

Introduction and Objectives: Appropriate relationships in society are shaped based on healthy and intimate rapports in families. Divorce is regarded as one of the most important sources of damage to families and marriages. This study aimed to design and test a model to investigate the effect of moral intelligence and early maladaptive schemas on emotional divorce considering the mediating role of marital burnout in women referring to psychological centers in Ahvaz, Iran. Materials and Methods: The statistical population of this descriptive-correlational study included all the women referring to psychological centers in Ahvaz, Iran, during 2019. In total, 264 individuals were selected using the convenience sampling method. The data were collected using an emotional divorce questionnaire, moral intelligence scale, early maladaptive schemas, and marital burnout questionnaire. Furthermore, the proposed model was evaluated using a path analysis method. A bootstrap test was utilized to test the indirect relationships. Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis through AMOS software were employed to examine the relationships among the variables. Results: The results of this study showed the significance of all direct paths of the early maladaptive schemas with emotional divorce. Indirect pathways were also significant through marital burnout with emotional divorce (P<0.001). Conclusion: The proposed model indicated an acceptable fit level and was regarded as an important step in recognizing the effective factors in the emotional divorce of women. Moreover, it can be useful as a model to develop stress management programs and control increased emotional divorce among women.

Download Full-text

Data Security for Connected Governments and Organisations

Web 2.0 and Cloud Technologies for Implementing Connected Government - Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-4570-6.ch011 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 229-251

Author(s):

Heru Susanto ◽

Leu Fang Yie ◽

Didi Rosiyadi ◽

Akbari Indra Basuki ◽

Desi Setiana

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Early Warning ◽

Data Security ◽

Data Privacy ◽

Government Agencies ◽

Security Measures ◽

Security Issues ◽

The Impact ◽

Distributed Technologies

Digital ecosystems have grown rapidly over the years, and governments are investing in digital provision for their processes and services. Despite the advantages of distributed technologies, there are many security issues as well that result in breaches of data privacy with serious impact including legal and reputational implications. To deal with such threats, government agencies need to thoughtfully improve their security defences to protect data and systems by using automation and artificial intelligence (AI), as well as easing the data security measures including early warning of threats and detection. This study provides a comprehensive view of AI and automaton to highlight challenges and issues concerning data security and suggests steps to combat the issues. The authors demonstrate the role of AI-driven security tools and automation to mitigate the impact of data breaches to also propose recommendations for government agencies to enhance their data security protection.

Download Full-text

The Impact of Islamic Finance on Sustainability Reporting

Global Approaches to Sustainability Through Learning and Education - Practice, Progress, and Proficiency in Sustainability ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-0062-0.ch017 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 262-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Adel M. Sarea

Keyword(s):

Financial Reporting ◽

Sustainability Reporting ◽

Islamic Finance ◽

Green Accounting ◽

Proposed Model ◽

Mediator Role ◽

Future Consumption ◽

Reducing Costs ◽

The Impact

This chapter explores the impact of Islamic finance on sustainability reporting, and the mediator role of green accounting. Sustainability focuses on balancing present and future consumption to ensure basic needs of coming generations will be met. The mediator role of green accounting could positively impact sustainability financial reporting and sustainability reporting. The chapter employs content analysis approaches to explore the environmental impact of Islamic finance on sustainability reporting. Sustainability enhances future environmental aspects of reducing costs and risk management. The proposed model is based on the literature review to conceptualize the mediator role of green accounting. The chapter adds value to the literature on green accounting and sustainability reporting by considering the role of Islamic finance to promote a friendly environment.

Download Full-text

The Civic Role of OSPs in Mature Information Societies

Oxford Handbook of Online Intermediary Liability ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198837138.013.6 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 121-137

Author(s):

Mariarosaria Taddeo

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Service Providers ◽

Computer Mediated Communication ◽

Mediated Communication ◽

Privacy And Security ◽

Ethical Implications ◽

Communication Law ◽

Intermediary Liability ◽

The Impact

Over the years, the discussion concerning the responsibilities of online service providers (OSPs) has gone from defining measures that OSPs should deploy to correct their market bias and ensure a pluralistic web, to the impact that OSPs have on the internet, on the flourishing of democratic values, and on societies at large. The debate spans different fields, from information and computer ethics, corporate social responsibilities, and business ethics, to computer-mediated communication, law, and public policy. Topics of analyses range from biases and skewing of information indexed by search engines, the protection of users’ privacy and security, to the impact of OSPs on democratic processes, and their duties with respect to human rights. This chapter investigates the ethical implications of intermediary liability. First, it describes the debate on the moral responsibilities of OSPs with respect to managing access to information and human rights. It then analyses the role and the nature of the responsibilities of OSPs in mature information societies. The chapter concludes its review by applying Floridi’s soft ethics to consider what responsibilities the civic role of OSPs entails and how they should discharge them.

Download Full-text

Impact of Early Life Failures in Services of Engineering Asset Fleets

Annual Conference of the PHM Society ◽

10.36001/phmconf.2018.v10i1.417 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Arinan Dourado ◽

Felipe A. C. Viana

Keyword(s):

Infant Mortality ◽

Service Providers ◽

Financial Burden ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Reliability Modeling ◽

Fleet Size ◽

Reliability Models ◽

The Impact ◽

Original Equipment Manufacturers ◽

Manufacturing Problems

Services and warranties of large fleets of engineering assets is a very profitable business where original equipment manufacturers and independent service providers offer contracts designed to cover events in day-to-day service as well as major maintenance and repairs over the life of the asset. Accurate reliability modeling, as a way to understand how the complex stochastic interactions between operating conditions and component capability define useful life, is key for services profitability. The modeling task is daunting as factors such as aggressive mission mixes introduced by operators, exposure to harsh environment, inadequate maintenance, and problems with mass production (bad batch of materials) can lead to large discrepancies between designed and observed useful lives. This paper is focused on how to quantify the impact of infant mortality in fleets of industrial assets. A simple numerical experiment is used to address the fundamental question: how does number of observations and fleet size interact with each other in fleet management? The results demonstrate that material capability, penetration of bad batch of material in the fleet, and commissioning time can drastically influence fleet unreliability. Moreover, infant mortality due to manufacturing problems/material capability is a manifestation of an outlier problem. As a consequence, the propensity to observe first failures depend on the actual fleet size. Since failure observations are used to build/update the reliability models, small fleet operators have to deal with large uncertainties when quantifying infant mortality. This impacts their ability to make provisions for service and maintenance (inventory, labor, loss of productivity, etc.). Although the large number of failure observations causes a financial burden in large fleet operators, it also allows for reduced uncertainty in building/updating the reliability models. In turn, this improves their ability to forecast future failures and make provisions for service and maintenance.

Download Full-text

COVID-19 Risk Minimization Decision Making Strategy Using Data-Driven Model

Journal of Information Technology and Digital World - September 2019 ◽

10.36548/jitdw.2021.1.006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 57-66

Author(s):

Akey Sungheetha

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Data Driven ◽

Risk Minimization ◽

Proposed Model ◽

Epidemic Intelligence ◽

Spread Dynamics ◽

Using Data ◽

The Impact ◽

Global Strategies

In order to establish social resilient and sustainable cities during the pandemic outbreak, it is essential to forecast the epidemic trends and trace infection by means of data-driven solution addressing the requirements of local operational defense applications and global strategies. The smartphone based Digital Proximity Tracing Technology (DPTT) has obtained a great deal of interest with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in terms of mitigation, containing and monitoring with the population acceptance insights and effectiveness of the function. The DPTTs and Data-Driven Epidemic Intelligence Strategies (DDEIS) are compared in this paper to identify the shortcomings and propose a novel solution to overcome them. In terms of epidemic resurgence risk minimization, guaranteeing public health safety and quick return of cities to normalcy, a social as well as technological solution may be provided by incorporating the key features of DDEIS. The role of human behavior is taken into consideration while assessing its limitations and benefits for policy making as well as individual decision making. The epidemiological model of SEIR (Susceptible–Exposed–Infectious–Recovered) provides preliminary data for the preferences of users in a DPTT. The impact of the proposed model on the spread dynamics of Covid-19 is evaluated and the results are presented.

Download Full-text

The impact of Supervisor Support towards Extra-Role Behavior

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.d8318.118419 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 5109-5113

Keyword(s):

Organizational Climate ◽

Supervisor Support ◽

Model Analysis ◽

Instrumental Support ◽

Employee Outcomes ◽

Role Behavior ◽

Proposed Model ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Effective supervisor support consists of two main features: emotional and instrumental support. Recent studies from the perspective of organizational climate which focus on the execution of such features among supervisors has a significant impact towards positive employee outcomes especially in their extra-role behavior. Even though this relationship has been widely explored, the role of supervisor support as a vital construct is still less discussed in the organizational climate literature. Therefore, this research was conduct to investigate the relationship between supervisor support and extra-role behavior. The data was collected using survey on 113 executives and non-executives from a telecommunication organization. The findings from the SmartPLS model analysis revealed that, extra-role behavior contributed to 31% variance on the proposed model. This shows that the ability of supervisors to provide emotional and instrumental support to employees has led to an increase in their extra-role behavior in the organization. The implications of this study in relation to theories, methodologies and organizational practitioners are also discussed.

Download Full-text

Self-Concept, Gender, And Product Type: An Investigation Of Brand Loyalty

Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER) ◽

10.19030/jber.v10i1.6731 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 25

Author(s):

Joseph F. Rocereto ◽

Joseph B. Mosca

Keyword(s):

Brand Loyalty ◽

Brand Image ◽

Product Type ◽

Self Concept ◽

Consumer Attitude ◽

Font Size ◽

Proposed Model ◽

Hedonic And Utilitarian Products ◽

The Impact

Numerous studies have investigated the impact of self-concept brand image congruity on brand loyalty. However, there is a dearth of literature which has assessed this relationship across different product types. Furthermore, there is a lack of understanding regarding the role that gender may play in the creation of such brand loyalty. This study investigates the effects of self-concept brand image congruity on consumer attitude formation and resulting brand loyalty across two different types of products (i.e., hedonic and utilitarian products) and assesses the moderating role of gender within each product type setting. Results reveal that the proposed model is sufficiently robust to explain the effects of self-concept brand image congruities across different product types. Furthermore, this study indicates that gender serves as a moderator in both product type settings, however, in theoretically important different manners.

Download Full-text