Determinants of Anemia in Pregnancy: Findings from the Ethiopian Health and Demographic Survey

In Ethiopia, anemia during pregnancy is a major public health problem and affects both the mother’s and their child’s health. There is a scarcity of community-based evidence on determinants of anemia among pregnant women in the country. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the determinants of anemia among pregnant women in Ethiopia. Method. This study was based on the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey (EDHS) that used a two-stage stratified cluster sampling technique. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 3080 pregnant women. Data analysis was done using STATA v.14. Variables with P value <0.05 in the bivariate analysis were candidates for the multivariable analysis to identify independent determinants of anemia among pregnant mothers. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated at 95% confidence interval (CI). Results. The overall prevalence of anemia among pregnant women was 41% of which 20% were moderately anemic, 18%, mildly anemic, and 3%, severely anemic. The following were significantly associated with anemia during pregnancy: an age of 30–39 years, receiving no education (AOR = 2.19; 95% CI 1.45, 2.49), belonging to the poorest wealth quintile (AOR = 1.29; 95% CI 1.22, 1.60), being a Muslim (AOR = 1.59; 95% CI 1.69, 2.65), number of house members being 4–6 (AOR = 1.44; 95% CI 1.05, 1.97), number of under-five children being two (AOR = 1.47; 95% CI 1.10, 1.97), head of the household being a female (AOR = 2.02; 95% CI 1.61, 2.54), current pregnancy wanted later (AOR = 1.75; 95% CI 1.23, 1.63), no terminated pregnancy (AOR = 1.49; 95% CI 1.15, 1.93), and an age of 13–17 years at the first sexual intercourse (AOR = 1.97; 95% CI 1.291, 3.00). Conclusions. The study revealed that more than one-third of the pregnant women in Ethiopia were found anemic. Its prevalence varied among regions in which the highest (62.7%) and the lowest (11.9%) were from Somali and Addis Ababa, respectively. Hence, efforts should be made by concerned bodies to intervene in terms of the identified risk factors.

Download Full-text

Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Status Gizi Ibu Hamil terhadap Risiko Anemia Ibu Hamil di Puskesmas Kereng Bangkirai

Jurnal Surya Medika ◽

10.33084/jsm.v4i1.348 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 36-43

Author(s):

Oktaviani Oktaviani ◽

Lola Meyasa

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Health Center ◽

Health Centre ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

High Rate ◽

Nutrition Status ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Anemia During Pregnancy ◽

Level Of Knowledge

Anemia during pregnancy requires attention due to potential harm mother and infant. Furthermore, it is an increased mother�s risk of the dead. It is suggested that the high rate of anemia is related to the level of knowledge and mothers� nutrition. The Kereng Bangkirai Health center is one of the basic emergency on neonatal obstetric service, so-called PONED, in Palangka Raya. It is also noticed that pregnant women having lowest number on Fe intake. This research was aimed to analyze the relationship between the level of knowledge and nutrition status on maternity risk in Kereng Bangkirai Health Centre. The research was conducted using a cross-sectional design. The population was all pregnant women within Kereng Bangkirai health center, on which recorded during January, 1st to Dec, 31st 2015 period. The calculated sample was 140 persons, using consecutive sampling technique. Univariate conducted through frequency distribution while bivariate analysis with chi-square. The study indicates that the mothers� level of knowledge had a significant relationship with anemia (p=0.04). Meanwhile, their nutrition status showed no linkage with anemia. It is concluded that the mothers� cognition is a risk factor for anemia during pregnancy.

Download Full-text

Nutritional Characteristics of Pregnant Women and its Relation with Anemia during Pregnancy in a Sample of Kurdish Women/Iraq

Cihan University-Erbil Scientific Journal ◽

10.24086/cuesj.v4n1y2020.pp37-44 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 37-44

Author(s):

Rushna G. Abdulwahid ◽

Hamdia M. Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Relevant Literature ◽

Geographical Area ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nutritional Characteristics ◽

Anemia During Pregnancy

Anemia in pregnancy is a major public health problem, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to assess the nutritional characteristics of pregnant women and find out its relationship with anemia during pregnancy. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 600 pregnant women who attended four primary health-care centers which randomly selected according to the geographical area. A specially designed questionnaire was prepared by the researcher after extensive review of relevant literature. The severity of anemia is determined according to Alene and Dohe. Estimation and calculation of dietary characteristics was done according to food frequency questionnaire, frequencies and percentage, mean and standard deviations, and Chi-square test of association and regression analysis. There was a highly statistically significant association between anemia with eating vegetables and chicken, and a high significant relation of anemia with eating beef and eating nuts. Furthermore, there was a highly significant association between severity of anemia with eating nuts, and a significant association with eating vegetables, while there was no significant association with other variables. Logistic regression analysis revealed that eating less than normal of vegetables, beef, and nuts were indicated risks of anemia. Eating less than normal of vegetables, beef, and nuts were indicated risks of anemia during pregnancy.

Download Full-text

Hubungan Umur dan Konsumsi Makanan Mengandung Zat Besi Dengan Anemia Pada Ibu Hamil Di Puskesmas Talise Palu

Jurnal Bidan Cerdas (JBC) ◽

10.33860/jbc.v1i1.81 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Susan Elviyaningsih ◽

Rafika Rafika ◽

Putu Candriasih

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Health Center ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Fisher's Exact Test ◽

Fisher’S Exact Test ◽

Mother And Child

Anemia in pregnant women is called a potential that endangers the mother and child, therefore anemia requires serious attention from parties involved in health services. The purpose of this study is to know the relationship of age and consumption of iron-containing foods with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in Talise Palu Health Center in 2017. The type of research is descriptive comparative using a cross sectional approach. The population of all pregnant women in the Talise Health Center area. The sample in this study amounted to 55 respondents with the sampling technique using consecutive sampling technique. The data collection is done through direct interviews and direct Hb measurements. Data analysis using univariate frequency distribution and bivariate analysis with Fisher's Exact Test. The results of the study of 55 respondents there were 96.4% of pregnant women who had anemia, with the age of pregnant women not at risk of 85.5% and pregnant women who rarely consumed foods containing iron there were 78.2%. The results of statistical tests using Fisher's Exact Test showed that there was a relationship between consumption of iron-containing foods (p = 0.04) with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women at Talise Palu Health Center in 2017 and no age relationship (p = 0.728) with anemia in pregnant women . Conclusion that age has no relationship with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. Consumption of iron-containing foods is associated with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. Suggestions for midwives who work at the KIA-KB Poli to continue to provide services according to operational standards during pregnancy examinations so that anemia in pregnant women can be treated and even prevented during pregnancy.Keywords: Pregnant, Anemia, consumption of foods containing iron

Download Full-text

Factors Associated with Anemia among People Living with HIV/AIDS Taking ART in Ethiopia

Advances in Hematology ◽

10.1155/2019/9614205 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin ◽

Tadesse Bedada Haye

Keyword(s):

Addis Ababa ◽

Clinical Stage ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Background. Globally, anemia, among people living with HIV/AIDS, is a major public health problem. It has a significant effect on the progression of HIV/AIDS to advanced stages and there are a number of factors that often affect anemia. However, there is little insight regarding factors affecting anemia among HIV/AIDS patients in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Objective. This study aimed at investigating factors affecting anemia among people living with HIV/AIDS taking ART drug at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods. A hospital based cross-sectional study design was used to assess factors affecting anemia among people living with HIV/AIDS. Structured checklist was used to gather information from charts of patients selected by simple random sampling method. We analyzed the data to identify factors associated with anemia among people with HIV/AIDS using logistic regression models. Results. A total of 301 selected charts were reviewed. The median age was 38 ± 10.38. The majority (62.5%) of the patients were taking ZDV-containing ART drug (ZDV/3TC/NVP). The overall anemia prevalence was 34.6%, while about 5%, 15.6%, and 14% of the patients had severe, moderate, and mild prevalence of anemia, respectively. Factors that were found to affect anemia among these patients include gender (OR = 2.26 [95% CI: 1.22, 4.16]), occupation (OR: 0.57 [95%CI: 0.35, 0.92]), WBC count (OR = 2.30 [95% CI: 1.29, 4.09]), platelet count (OR = 2.89 [95% CI: 0.99, 8.41]), nutritional status (OR = 2.05 [95% CI: 0.69, 6.02]), and WHO clinical stage of HIV/AIDS (OR = 3.69 [95% CI: 1.86, 7.31]). Conclusions. About one in three patients was found to be anemic. Intervention aimed at diagnosing and treating anemia among people living with HIV/AIDS should be considered.

Download Full-text

Knowledge Level and Anemia Incidence of Pregnant Mother in Working Area of Tanjung Kemuning Public Health Center Kaur District

Jurnal Sains Kesehatan ◽

10.37638/jsk.24.3.37-44 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 37-44

Author(s):

Santoso Ujang Effendi ◽

Buyung Keraman ◽

Andrek Sarnandes

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Community Health ◽

Health Center ◽

Community Health Center ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Iron Nutrition ◽

Primary Data ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Impact

The impact of the incidence of anemia in pregnant women who have less knowledge during pregnancy are abortion, preterm labor, fetal and uterine disorders, low birth weight (LBW), and high maternal mortality. This study aimed to study the relationship between the level of knowledge with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women at Tanjung Kemuning Community Health Center Kaur District. This type of research was Descriptive Correlation and the design used was Cross Sectional. The data in this study used the primary data obtained by distributing questionnaires. The population in this study was all pregnant women who checked pregnancy and did not check their pregnancy at Tanjung Kemuning Community Health Center of Kaur Regency from January to June 2016 as many as 66 pregnant women. Sampling technique are Total Sampling and obtained sampel counted 35 respondents. Data analysis was done by univariate and bivariate analysis with Chi-Square test and to know closeness using Contingency Coefficient (χ2) statistic test. The result of the research showed that there were 14 respondents (40.0%) of good knowledge, and 19 respondents (54,3%) did not experience anemia. There was a significant relationship between knowledge with the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in working area of Tanjung Kemuning Community Health Center Kaur District with a close category. Suggestion for Tanjung Kemuning Community Health Center Kaur District to increase the intake of iron nutrition in pregnant women by doing health promotion about anemia and giving iron tablets to pregnant woman. Keywords : anemia, knowledge, pregnant women

Download Full-text

Chronic Energy Deficiency and Its Determinant Factors among Adults Aged 18–59 Years in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2021/8850241 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Samuel Dagne ◽

Yonatan Menber ◽

Yosef Wassihun ◽

Gedefaw Dires ◽

Atitegeb Abera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health Problem ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Wealth Index ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Limited Information ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Energy Deficiency ◽

Chronic Energy Deficiency

Background. The prevalence of undernutrition in low- and middle-income countries is still remarkably high. Undernutrition during adulthood is a greater risk factor for low productivity, poor health, and mortality. There is limited information on the prevalence and determinants of chronic energy deficiency in Ethiopia. Objective. To assess the prevalence and determinants of chronic energy deficiency among adults aged 18–59 years in Ethiopia. Method. A secondary data analysis was conducted using the data obtained from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey. Data were collected using a multistage stratified cluster sampling technique, and the analytic sample consisted of 9,280 adults aged 18–59 years. The chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used, and p value <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Result. A total of 9280 adults aged 18–59 years were included in the study and 2911 (28.7%) (95% CI: 27.0%–30.4%) of whom were chronic energy deficient. Adults who have no work (AOR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.16, 1.72), male adults from Tigray region (AOR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.61, 3.09), Afar region (AOR = 2.98, 95% CI: 2.04, 4.36), Somali region (AOR = 3.14, 95% CI: 2.19, 4.52), Gambella region (AOR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.29, 2.76), Harari region (AOR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.19), Amhara region (AOR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.13), Oromia region (AOR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.07, 2.19), Dire Dawa (AOR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.05), adults live lonely (AOR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.71), and adults residing in poor wealth index households (AOR = 1.26 : 95% CI: 1.07, 1.49) were significantly associated with chronic energy deficiency. Conclusion and recommendation. Chronic energy deficiency among male adults in Ethiopia was a high public health problem. Marital status, wealth index, occupation, and region were significant predictors of chronic energy deficiency. The Ministry of Health with other partners should strictly monitor and evaluate interventions that are being applied and should give focus to adult men to prevent malnutrition.

Download Full-text

Magnitude of Home Delivery and Associated Factors Among Child Bearing Age Mothers in Sherkole District, Benishangul Gumuz Regional State-Western-Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.2.20837/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Resom Berhe Gebremariam ◽

Adane Nigusie

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Home Delivery ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Traditional Remedies ◽

Child Bearing

Abstract Background Globally, more than 536,000 maternal and 8 million perinatal deaths occur every year. Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey stated that maternal death was 412 per 100,000 in 2016.This still indicate that maternal health remains a major public health problem in Ethiopia irrespective of the government’s measure to institutional delivery.MethodsCommunity based cross sectional study was conducted among women aged 15-49 years in Sherkole district, Benishangul Gumuz region from January to Jun 2018. A total of 451 randomly selected women were included in the study. Stratified sampling followed by simple random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected using pretested and structured questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with home delivery among women’s in the child bearing age. An adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was computed to determine the level of significance.Results The magnitude of home delivery was 353 (80%) and were assisted by non-skilled birth attendants. Mothers whose husband choose the place of delivery [AOR: 5.6, 95% CI (2.1-15.2), Mothers’ occupation ([AOR: 0.21 95% C I (0.08-0.57), ANC visit [AOR: 95 CI: 5.1(1.6-15.8), decision making [AOR: 95 CI: 0.3(0.01-0.7)] and traditional remedies [AOR: 95%CI: 0.03(0.01-0.09)] were significantly associated with home delivery.Conclusions Based on the findings of the survey, it was concluded that the overall magnitude of home delivery was found to be high. ANC visit, mother’s occupation, traditional remedies and decision making were significantly associated with home delivery.

Download Full-text

Prevalence and associations of active trachoma among rural preschool children in Wadla district, northern Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.2.14562/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mesfin Wudu Kassaw ◽

Ayele Mamo Abebe ◽

Kirubel Dagnaw Tegegne ◽

Mikiyas Amare Getu ◽

Woldemichael Tadesse Bihonegn

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Health Informatics ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Developed Countries ◽

School Age Children ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Northern Ethiopia ◽

Active Trachoma

Abstract Background፡Trachoma is a neglected eye problem and an important cause of preventable corneal blindness. In endemic areas, initial infection can occur in early childhood, and following recurrent episodes of infection, it progresses to scarring and blindness. In past decades, trachoma disappeared from developed countries through enhancements of hygiene and sanitation but the disease is still a problem in developing countries. In Ethiopia, data indicate that Amhara is the region with the highest prevalence of active trachome. The aim of this study was to asse{Birlie, 2016 #48}ss prevalence and association of active trachoma among rural preschool children in Wadla district, north Wollo zone, Amhara. Methods: A total of 596 children aged 1–5 years living in 30 of Wadla’s 150 rural villages were screened for signs of active trachoma using a cluster sampling technique. Following pre-testing of the survey instrument in a different district, questions about socio-demographic status were asked of heads of households by health informatics professionals. Integrated eye care workers, previously trained to undertake trachoma screening over one month, performed eye examination. Logistic regression was used to look for associations of active trachoma.Results: The prevalence of active trachoma among rural pre-school age children in Wadla district was 22%. Low economic status (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.8 (95% CI 1.3–11.4), being 37– 48 months old (4.2;1.5–12.0), living in a house with thatched roof (4.4;1.4–13.6), presence of flies in the home (4.6;2.1–9.9), once-weekly face-washing frequency (8.6;2.5–29.3), having a face that had not been washed for longer than a week (10.6;2.9–37.7), and not using soap when washing hands (4.5;1.8–11.3) were associated with active trachomaConclusion: The prevalence of active trachoma among rural pre-school children was high and it is still a major public health problem in Wadla. Thus, the woreda health office should create awareness for Wadla woreda communities.

Download Full-text

Dietary diversity practice and associated factors among adolescent girls in Dembia district, northwest Ethiopia, 2017

Public Health Reviews ◽

10.1186/s40985-020-00137-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kedir Abdela Gonete ◽

Amare Tariku ◽

Sintayehu Daba Wami ◽

Temesgen Yihunie Akalu

Keyword(s):

Adolescent Girls ◽

Technical Assistance ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Food Groups ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Dietary diversity is defined as the number of food groups or items consumed over a reference period, and usually, it is a problem in developing countries including Ethiopia. Inadequate dietary diversity is one of a major public health problem and can result in physical, emotional, and psychological changes among adolescents. However, studies on dietary diversity among school children were very limited. Hence, this study aimed at determining dietary diversity practices and factors among adolescents in Dembia district. Methods A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1 to April 15, 2017, at Dembia district, northwest Ethiopia. A total of 474 study subjects were selected using the multi-stage sampling technique. A structured and pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect the data. Dietary diversity was measured through standard tool adopted from Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance (FANTA) 2016 using the 24-h recall method. A multivariable binary logistic regression model was employed to identify factors associated with a diversified diet. Result This study illustrated that 32.3% (95% CI 27.9–36.8) of the adolescents had adequate dietary diversity. Inadequate dietary diversity was significantly associated with being Muslim (AOR = 0.3; 95% CI 0.1–0.7), self-employment (AOR = 0.3; 95% CI 0.1–0.9), middle (AOR = 0.5; 95% CI 0.3–0.8) and high wealth category (AOR = 0.3; 95% CI 0.2–0.6), and underweight (AOR = 3.5; 95% CI 1.3–9.5). Conclusion The findings of this study showed that only one-third of adolescent girls have adequate dietary diversity. Low level of dietary diversification suggested points to the need for strengthening efforts targeting to improve the healthy dietary practice of adolescents by giving due attention to poor households and undernourished adolescents.

Download Full-text

The Effect of Mass Media Campaign on the Use of Insecticide-Treated Bed Nets among Pregnant Women in Nigeria

Malaria Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2014/694863 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. Ankomah ◽

S. B. Adebayo ◽

E. D. Arogundade ◽

J. Anyanti ◽

E. Nwokolo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Media ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Bed Nets ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Media Campaigns ◽

Change Communication ◽

Insecticide Treated Bed Nets ◽

The Impact

Background. Malaria during pregnancy is a major public health problem in Nigeria especially in malaria-endemic areas. It increases the risk of low birth weight and child/maternal morbidity/mortality. This paper addresses the impact of radio campaigns on the use of insecticide-treated bed nets among pregnant women in Nigeria. Methods. A total of 2,348 pregnant women were interviewed during the survey across 21 of Nigeria’s 36 states. Respondents were selected through a multistage sampling technique. Analysis was based on multivariate logistic regression. Results. Respondents who knew that sleeping under ITN prevents malaria were 3.2 times more likely to sleep under net (OR: 3.15; 95% CI: 2.28 to 4.33; P<0.0001). Those who listened to radio are also about 1.6 times more likely to use ITN (OR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.07 to 2.28; P=0.020), while respondents who had heard of a specific sponsored radio campaign on ITN are 1.53 times more likely to use a bed net (P=0.019). Conclusion. Pregnant women who listened to mass media campaigns were more likely to adopt strategies to protect themselves from malaria. Therefore, behavior change communication messages that are aimed at promoting net use and antenatal attendance are necessary in combating malaria.

Download Full-text