scholarly journals Long-Term Use of Antibiotics and Risk of Parkinson’s Disease in the Nurses’ Health Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Natalia Palacios ◽  
Éilis J O’Reilly ◽  
Michael A. Schwarzschild ◽  
Alberto Ascherio
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Environmental Predictors ◽  
Definitive Evidence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression

Objective. Antibiotic use is one of the strongest environmental predictors of an altered and less diverse gut microbiome, which has been linked to Parkinson’s disease. To our knowledge, no prior study has examined the association between long-term antibiotic use and Parkinson’s disease. Design. We conducted a prospective study of 59,637 women in the Nurses’ Health Study who reported total duration of antibiotic use at ages 20–39, 40–59, 60 +, or during the past 4 years. We used Cox Proportional Hazard regression to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between categories of antibiotic use and risk of PD. Results. One hundred and eighty cases of PD were confirmed during the follow-up. Self-reported antibiotic use at ages 20–39, 40–59, and 60 +, as assessed in 2004, was not significantly associated with PD risk in our cohort. The hazard ratio comparing participants who used antibiotics for 2 or more months vs. 1–14 days at age 20–39 was 0.98 (95% CI: 0.54, 1.78), at age 40–59 was 1.44 (95% CI: 0.88, 2.33), and at age 60 +was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.53, 1.47). Antibiotic use during the past four years, as assessed in 2008, was also not associated with future risk of PD (HR: 1.14, 95% CI: 0.62, 2.10). Conclusion. In this cohort study, we did not observe a significant association between antibiotic use and incidence PD. A major limitation of our study is assessment of exposure, which required many participants to recall their antibiotic use decades in the past. Thus, although the results of this study do not support an effect of antibiotic use on PD risk, larger investigations relying on records of antibiotic prescriptions would provide more definitive evidence.

scholarly journals Clustering of Parkinson's Disease in Southern Israel

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.O. Herishanu ◽  
J.R. Goldsmith ◽  
J.M. Abarbanel ◽  
Z. Weinbaum
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Rural Residence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Idiopathic Parkinsonism ◽  
Common Environmental Factor

ABSTRACT:On three adjacent kibbutzim (collective rural communities) in the Negev (Southern Israel) 13 parkinsonian patients were found among a population of 592 persons 40 years or older. The clinical picture was not different from that of patients from other areas with idiopathic parkinsonism. Long term residence in the kibbutzim is characteristic of this population. In the past most of the drinking water has been supplied by wells from a common aquifer. From other patients with Parkinson's disease in the Negev, we estimated the age-specific incidence for the region. The incidence is about five times greater in each of these kibbutzim than in the remainder of the Negev. Although associations with rural residence and well water use have been reported elsewhere, clusters of this sort have not been reported. They strongly suggest that a common environmental factor exists.

Neurobehavioral Consequences Associated with Long Term Tramadol Utilization and Pathological Mechanisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 758-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadga Raj ◽  
Pooja Chawla ◽  
Shamsher Singh
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Serotonin Reuptake ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Serotonin Syndrome ◽  
Dopamine Synthesis ◽  
Synthetic Analog

: Tramadol is a synthetic analog of codeine used to treat pain of moderate to severe intensity and is reported to have neurotoxic potential. At therapeutic dose, tramadol does not cause major side effects in comparison to other opioid analgesics, and is useful for the management of neurological problems like anxiety and depression. Long term utilization of tramadol is associated with various neurological disorders like seizures, serotonin syndrome, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Tramadol produces seizures through inhibition of nitric oxide, serotonin reuptake and inhibitory effects on GABA receptors. Extensive tramadol intake alters redox balance through elevating lipid peroxidation and free radical leading to neurotoxicity and produces neurobehavioral deficits. During Alzheimer’s disease progression, low level of intracellular signalling molecules like cGMP, cAMP, PKC and PKA affect both learning and memory. Pharmacologically tramadol produces actions similar to Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), increasing the concentration of serotonin, which causes serotonin syndrome. In addition, tramadol also inhibits GABAA receptors in the CNS has been evidenced to interfere with dopamine synthesis and release, responsible for motor symptoms. The reduced level of dopamine may produce bradykinesia and tremors which are chief motor abnormalities in Parkinson’s Disease (PD).

The mechanistic role of thymoquinone in Parkinson's disease: focus on neuroprotection in pre-clinical studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Najim Uddin ◽  
Mohammad Injamul Hoq ◽  
Israt Jahan ◽  
Shafayet Ahmed Siddiqui ◽  
Chayan Dhar Clinton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Neuroprotective Activity ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta ◽  
Movement Difficulties

: Thymoquinone (TQ) is one of the leading phytochemicals, which is abundantly found in Nigella sativa L. seeds. TQ exhibited various biological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-tumoral in several pre-clinical studies. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a long-term neurodegenerative disease with movement difficulties, and the common feature of neurodegeneration in PD patients is caused by dopaminergic neural damage in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The neuroprotective activity of TQ has been studied in various neurological disorders. TQ-mediated neuroprotection against PD yet to be reported in a single frame; therefore, this review is intended to narrate the potentiality of TQ in the therapy of PD. TQ has been shown to protect against neurotoxins via amelioration of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, thereby protects neurodegeneration in PD models. TQ could be an emerging therapeutic intervention in PD management, but mechanistic studies have been remained to be investigated to clarify its neuroprotective role.

scholarly journals Focal Subthalamic Atrophy After Long‐Term Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Gelpi ◽  
Christine Haberler ◽  
Alexander Micko ◽  
Andrea Polt ◽  
Andreas Amon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Deep Brain

Long term mortality of patients with Parkinson’s disease treated with deep brain stimulation in a reference center

2021 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 106486
Author(s):  
Ana Luísa Rocha ◽  
Ana Oliveira ◽  
Cláudia Sousa ◽  
Pedro Monteiro ◽  
Maria José Rosas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Reference Center ◽  
Deep Brain ◽  
Long Term Mortality

scholarly journals Extradural Motor Cortex Stimulation in Parkinson’s Disease: Long-Term Clinical Outcome

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 416
Author(s):  
Carla Piano ◽  
Francesco Bove ◽  
Delia Mulas ◽  
Enrico Di Stasio ◽  
Alfonso Fasano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Motor Cortex Stimulation ◽  
Dopaminergic Therapy

Previous investigations have reported on the motor benefits and safety of chronic extradural motor cortex stimulation (EMCS) for patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), but studies addressing the long-term clinical outcome are still lacking. In this study, nine consecutive PD patients who underwent EMCS were prospectively recruited, with a mean follow-up time of 5.1 ± 2.5 years. As compared to the preoperatory baseline, the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS)-III in the off-medication condition significantly decreased by 13.8% at 12 months, 16.1% at 18 months, 18.4% at 24 months, 21% at 36 months, 15.6% at 60 months, and 8.6% at 72 months. The UPDRS-IV decreased by 30.8% at 12 months, 22.1% at 24 months, 25% at 60 months, and 36.5% at 72 months. Dopaminergic therapy showed a progressive reduction, significant at 60 months (11.8%). Quality of life improved by 18.0% at 12 months, and 22.4% at 60 months. No surgical complication, cognitive or behavioral change occurred. The only adverse event reported was an infection of the implantable pulse generator pocket. Even in the long-term follow-up, EMCS was shown to be a safe and effective treatment option in PD patients, resulting in improvements in motor symptoms and quality of life, and reductions in motor complications and dopaminergic therapy.

The Role of The Gut Microbiome in Parkinson’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-262
Author(s):  
Amy Gallop ◽  
James Weagley ◽  
Saif-ur-Rahman Paracha ◽  
George Grossberg
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Symptom Relief ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Fermented Food ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplant ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Cord Blood Transplant

The gut microbiota is known to play a role in various disease states through inflammatory, immune and endocrinologic response. Parkinson’s Disease is of particular interest as gastrointestinal involvement is one of the earlier features seen in this disease. This paper examines the relationship between gut microbiota and Parkinson’s Disease, which has a growing body of literature. Inflammation caused by gut dysbiosis is thought to increase a-synuclein aggregation and worsen motor and neurologic symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. We discuss potential treatment and supplementation to modify the microbiota. Some of these treatments require further research before recommendations can be made, such as cord blood transplant, antibiotic use, immunomodulation and fecal microbiota transplant. Other interventions, such as increasing dietary fiber, polyphenol and fermented food intake, can be made with few risks and may have some benefit for symptom relief and speed of disease progression.

Evidence for Early and Regular Physical Therapy and Exercise in Parkinson's Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry D. Ellis ◽  
Cristina Colón-Semenza ◽  
Tamara R. DeAngelis ◽  
Cathi A. Thomas ◽  
Marie-Hélène Saint Hilaire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Prevention Model

AbstractAdvances in medical management of Parkinson's disease (PD) have resulted in living longer with disability. Although disability worsens over the course of the disease, there are signs of disability even in the early stages. Several studies reveal an early decline in gait and balance and a high prevalence of nonmotor signs in the prodromal period that contribute to early disability. There is a growing body of evidence revealing the benefits of physical therapy and exercise to mitigate motor and nonmotor signs while improving physical function and reducing disability. The presence of early disability coupled with the benefits of exercise suggests that physical therapy should be initiated earlier in the disease. In this review, we present the evidence revealing early disability in PD and the effectiveness of physical therapy and exercise, followed by a discussion of a secondary prevention model of rehabilitation to reduce early disability and optimize long-term outcomes.

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