scholarly journals Study on Periplaneta americana (Blattodea: Blattidae) Fungal Infections in Hospital Sewer System, Esfahan City, Iran, 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Maryam Khodabandeh ◽  
Leila Shirani-Bidabadi ◽  
Mahboobe Madani ◽  
Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Candida Krusei ◽  
The Body ◽  
American Cockroach ◽  
Hospital Environments ◽  
Care Systems

Background. American cockroaches contaminated with pathogens inside hospital manholes can be one of the major problems that health care systems face. Objectives. The aim of this study was to investigate the fungal infections of American cockroaches in the Esfahan hospital sewage network. The principle goal of the study was about the roaches as a vector of fungi and other pathogens. Method. The type of study was descriptive-analytical. A total of 55 American cockroach specimens from the manhole walls of the sewerage system of 7 large hospitals were captured. Samples were taken from the surface of the body, digestive tract, and haemocoel of cockroaches. The specimens were then cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar separately, and fungi were identified according to the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. Results. All cockroaches collected from hospitals were infected with fungi. Among the 24 (13 infected and 11 noninfected) (44%) female cockroaches and 31 (18 infected and 13 noninfected) (56%) male cockroaches, it was identified that 40.00% was infected with Aspergillus niger, 3.64% with Rhizopus, 7.27% with Penicillium, and 5.45% with Mucor. 6 cockroaches had no yeast contamination. 17 (30.91%) cockroaches were contaminated with Candida glabrata, 23 (41.82%) cockroaches were contaminated with Candida krusei, and 22 (40%) cockroaches were contaminated with other yeast species. The results of this study showed that Candida krusei had the highest prevalence among the isolated fungi with 35.37% of the digestive system and Aspergillus niger with 70.97% of the surface of the cockroach body. Conclusion. The results emphasized the role played by cockroaches as potential pathogenic vectors in hospital environments. Therefore, suitable management is needed for controlling this insect to prevent disease transmission in hospitals.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Review of Cardiovascular Involvement in COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. e1-e19
Author(s):  
Ruff Joseph Macale Cajanding
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Involvement ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cardiac Pathology ◽  
Current State ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Cardiovascular Involvement ◽  
Disease Causation ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Clinically Significant

COVID-19 has emerged as one of the most devastating and clinically significant infectious diseases of the last decade. It has reached global pandemic status at an unprecedented pace and has placed significant demands on health care systems worldwide. Although COVID-19 primarily affects the lungs, epidemiologic reports have shown that the disease affects other vital organs of the body, including the heart, vasculature, kidneys, brain, and the hematopoietic system. Of importance is the emerging awareness of the effects of COVID-19 on the cardiovascular system. The current state of knowledge regarding cardiac involvement in COVID-19 is presented in this article, with particular focus on the cardiovascular manifestations and complications of COVID-19 infection. The mechanistic insights of disease causation and the relevant pathophysiology involved in COVID-19 as they affect the heart are explored and described. Relevant practice essentials and clinical management implications for patients with COVID-19 with a cardiac pathology are presented in light of recent evidence.

scholarly journals A Prospective Real-World Study of the Impact of an Antifungal Stewardship Program in a Tertiary Respiratory-Medicine Setting

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Nwankwo ◽  
Jimstan Periselneris ◽  
Jamie Cheong ◽  
Keith Thompson ◽  
Peter Darby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Disease ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis ◽  
Defined Daily Dose ◽  
Antifungal Stewardship ◽  
Team Meetings ◽  
Stewardship Program ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT There has been an increase in fungal infections in patients with chronic lung disease over the past decades, which is associated with rapidly increasing costs to health care systems. An antifungal stewardship team was introduced to a tertiary cardiopulmonary hospital, consisting of a medical mycologist and pharmacy support providing weekly stewardship ward rounds, twice-monthly multidisciplinary team meetings, and a dedicated weekly outpatient clinic. A database was set up to record the activity of the stewardship team. During the first 18 months of implementation, the antifungal stewardship team had reviewed 178 patients, with 285 recommendations made to inpatients, and 287 outpatient visits. The commonest diagnoses treated were allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. Cystic fibrosis was the largest patient group treated, followed by asthma and interstitial lung disease. There was a significant sustained reduction in monthly antifungal expenditure (P = 0.005) by £130,000 per month. There was also a significant reduction in antifungal use, measured as the defined daily dose/100 bed days (P = 0.017). There were no significant changes in expenditure on diagnostic tests. There has been a trend toward more patients having therapeutic levels of voriconazole (P = 0.086) and a significant increase in therapeutic levels of posaconazole (P < 0.0001). This study shows that an effective antifungal stewardship program can significantly reduce expenditure in a specialist respiratory service.

scholarly journals Review On Ayurvedic Remedies For Fungal Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (09) ◽  
pp. 754-763
Author(s):  
Jadhav S.S ◽  
◽  
Naikwade N.S ◽  
Hake R.B ◽  
Gavade R.S ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Athlete’S Foot

In underdeveloped countries, microorganisms are frequently a cause of prevailing diseases, presenting a serious public health problem in a significant segment of the population as revealed by either private or officially granted health care systems. With the rise in-at risk patients, the number of invasive fungal infection has dramatically increased in both developed and developing countries. An antifungal drug is a medication used to cure fungal infections such as candidiasis (thrush), athlete’s foot, ringworm, serious systemic infections such as cryptococcal meningitis, and others. Such drugs are usually adviced by a medicinal practioner or purchased over-the–counter. But use of this types of drugs used in large way makes the unusable due to resistance to antibiotics and with the toxicity during prolonged treatment. There are large number drawback in synthetic drugs so people move towards herbal drugs which is safer. The presented review summarizes the information about introduction, treatment, herb and medicine for fungal infection and concerning the new profile of antifungal drugs obtaining from medicinal plants.

Health Care as Vocation? Practicing Faithfully in an Age of Disenchantment

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-265
Author(s):  
Warren A Kinghorn
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
Complex State ◽  
Health Care Practitioners ◽  
The Face ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Best Offer

AbstractIn his 1917 lecture “Science as a Vocation,” Max Weber challenged current and aspiring scholars to abandon any pretense that science (Wissenschaft) bears within itself any meaning. In a disenchanted age, he argued, science could at best offer “knowledge of the techniques whereby we can control life . . . through calculation,” and any meaning or moral direction to scientific research—including religious meaning—must be imposed on it from without. Weber presciently anticipated that many present-day health care practitioners would struggle to find meaning for their work within complex “state-capitalist” health care systems, along with predictable quasi-religious responses. But how are Christian practitioners to practice faithfully in a disenchanted age? The authors of this special issue lean deeply into the loci of Christian theology and Christian practice, some challenging the views of the body and of nature that informed Weber’s theory of disenchantment, and all offering resources and paths by which practitioners might “look the fate of the age full in the face” with courage and wisdom.

scholarly journals When Public Policy Is Guided by Misinformation: A Case Study in the Consequences of Fake News

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mickey Keenan ◽  
Karola Dillenburger
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Past ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
The Uk

Since autism was first recognised, prevalence has increased rapidly. The growing economic as well as social cost to society can only be mitigated by effective interventions and supports. It is therefore not surprising that most governments have developed public policy documents to address the management of autism. Over the past 40-50 years, meaningful evidence has accrued showing that interventions based on the scientific discipline of Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) can help people with autism reach their potential. In view of this, nearly all of North America has laws to mandate that ABA-based interventions are available through the health care systems. In contrast, across Europe there are no such laws. In fact, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), the body guiding health and social policy in the UK, concluded that it could not find any evidence to support ABA, and therefore could not recommend it. This paper addresses the reasons for these diametrically opposed perspectives. In particular, it examines what happens when health and social care policy is misinformed about effective autism intervention.

scholarly journals The Application of Nanotechnology for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Brain Diseases and Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebenezeri Erasto Ngowi ◽  
Yi-Zhen Wang ◽  
Lei Qian ◽  
Yasmeen Ahmed Saleheldin Hassan Helmy ◽  
Bright Anyomi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Research ◽  
Causes Of Deaths ◽  
The Brain

Brain is by far the most complex organ in the body. It is involved in the regulation of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional activities. The organ is also a target for many diseases and disorders ranging from injuries to cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. Brain diseases are the main causes of disability and one of the leading causes of deaths. Several drugs that have shown potential in improving brain structure and functioning in animal models face many challenges including the delivery, specificity, and toxicity. For many years, researchers have been facing challenge of developing drugs that can cross the physical (blood–brain barrier), electrical, and chemical barriers of the brain and target the desired region with few adverse events. In recent years, nanotechnology emerged as an important technique for modifying and manipulating different objects at the molecular level to obtain desired features. The technique has proven to be useful in diagnosis as well as treatments of brain diseases and disorders by facilitating the delivery of drugs and improving their efficacy. As the subject is still hot, and new research findings are emerging, it is clear that nanotechnology could upgrade health care systems by providing easy and highly efficient diagnostic and treatment methods. In this review, we will focus on the application of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases and disorders by illuminating the potential of nanoparticles.

scholarly journals The Changes Imposed by the COVID-19 Pandemic in Orthopaedics at the HCD

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Mineiro ◽  
João Cannas ◽  
Luís Barroso ◽  
Nuno Lança ◽  
João Pedro
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Spanish Health

With the novel coronavirus COVID-19 outbreak being highly contagious and spread all over the world, it became clear that health care systems globally would need to evolve, develop strategies, identify new models or rejuvenate old conservative methods of care and thus reduce the risk of disease transmission and be prepared for the worse. In Portugal, both public and private health care systems were together preparing for a disease nobody knew exactly how to handle and the example/scenario we had of its arrival in Europe and progressing west through Italy and Spain was dreadful! In a unique occasion in this country, both private and public health care systems got together to share whatever free beds they had, in particular ICU beds and ventilation facilities taking into account that these were the weakest areas where both the Italian and the Spanish health care systems had failed. [...]

scholarly journals Pattern of Pediatric Dermatoses in a Tertiary Referral Centre, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-41
Author(s):  
Rabindra Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Tertiary Referral Centre ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Common Group ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Dermatological problems constitute at least one third of all outpatient visits to a pediatrician and similar number of all visits to a dermatologist involve children.Children are often exposed to climatic and social conditions that make them more likely to develop skin infections and skin injuries.Little is known about the impact of pediatric skin disease on health care systems in developing countries like Nepal. So, data on this study can be useful in monitoring changes in disease trends in children and planning health care programs.   Objectives: To know the current status of disease trends and ethnic distribution of common dermatoses among children (hospital  based) in this geographical locality.  Materials and Methods: All children, 14 years and below, attending the dermatology out-patient department with any dermatoses were  enrolled in the study. The diagnosis was made by dermatologists based on detailed history and appropriate investigations. Patients were divided into four different age groups. Results: A total of 424 children with skin related symptoms were enrolled in this study. The mean age of this population was 6.30 years and it ranged from 0.05(19 days) to14 years. A total of 146 infective and 278 non-infective dermatoses were encountered as the primary diagnosis. Infections and infestations were the most common group of disorders (34.4%, 146 cases), followed by dermatitis and eczemas (32.5%, 138 cases). Fungal infections were the most common infective conditions (11.6%, 49 cases). Conclusion: Infections and infestations were the most common etiologic group of disorders followed by dermatitis and eczemas. Fungal infections were the most common infective conditions followed by pyoderma.

A importância da persistência diagnóstica num caso suspeito de COVID-19 em contexto ocupacional

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Alexandre Afonso ◽  
Luís Rodrigues ◽  
Vítor Pinheiro ◽  
Ricardo Silva ◽  
Joana Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Screening And Identification

Introduction The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has brought new and challenging problems to health care systems. More than ever, the screening and identification of disease transmission chains has proved to be extremely complex and important. The accurate diagnosis remains as a fundamental pillar of the screening, which is currently based on the molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory samples. This strategy may be insufficient for an effective control of the pandemic since the diagnostic performance of the molecular detection varies over time after exposure and is dependent on the sensitivity and specificity of the tests used. Case Report A case report of a healthcare professional with a clinical and epidemiological context (chronologically and geographically) highly suggestive of COVID-19 who, repeatedly, had a negative result in the molecular search for the disease agent. The maintenance of complaints and imperiousness to control secondary cases, motivated the more detailed study using serological tests of specific immunoglobulins for SARS-CoV-2 that proved to be reactive. Discussion/Conclusion The primary role of clinical suspicion in a pandemic scenario is highlighted and the need for careful interpretation of complementary diagnostic tests in the light of the evolution of scientific evidence. The intervention of the Occupational Health Service is also emphasized, both in terms of diagnosis and in monitoring the case in order to promote the health of the professional and to protect the remaining members of the healthcare staff and patients.

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