scholarly journals The Character and Economic Preference of City Network of China: A Study Based on the Chinese Global Fortune 500 Enterprises

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Xinzheng Zhao ◽  
Jing Su ◽  
Jing Chao ◽  
Xiaoqiong Liu ◽  
Tongsheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Radiation Effect ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Fortune 500 ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Network Function ◽  
City Network ◽  
The City

Based on the data of Chinese enterprises that entered the Fortune 500 list in 2015, this paper utilizes the eclectic model to construct the inter-city association network. Using the network analysis method, the spatial connection characteristics of 311 inter-city networks at prefecture level and above and 20 urban agglomerations networks in China are examined, respectively. The research found the following: (1) the overall connectivity of city network is poor, the centripetal concentration is strong, and the network is not complete. The city network structure shows three tendencies, with a concentration in political centers, a concentration in coastal areas, and a concentration in resource-based cities. The external economic dependence of each node city in national city network is high, and the city network structure has distinctly flattening characteristics. (2) Network function of cities is obviously different in multiscale region. Large cities and regional centers have more balanced function systems than the small- and medium-sized cities do. (3) The network of urban agglomerations is characterized by decentralization of power, differentiation of status, and dependence on external connections. The radiation effect of three major urban agglomerations in coastal China is strong, but the radiation effect of other urban agglomerations needs to be strengthened. (4) Both city networks and agglomeration economies have positive impact on economic growth of the city. The economic performance of city networks is differentiated between urban agglomeration cities and nonurban agglomeration cities, as well as between cities of different scale levels. This study provides new evidence for understanding the spatial relations and expansion of Chinese city networks.

scholarly journals Research on Green Innovation of the Great Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Group Based on Network

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1198
Author(s):  
Lu Wang ◽  
Wenzhong Ye ◽  
Lingming Chen
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Green Innovation ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Network Scale ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
The Impact ◽  
City Group

This article aims to promote the high-quality development of the Great Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Group and improve the green innovation efficiency of urban agglomeration. This article takes green innovation in networked urban agglomerations as its research subject. Furthermore, it analyzes the impact of network structure characteristics such as network scale and network structure hole on green innovation in urban agglomerations. Moreover, this study uses the unexpected output SBM model to measure green innovation efficiency of the eight prefecture-level cities in the Great Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Group from 2012 to 2018 and analyzes its influencing factors using the panel Tobit model. The results show that the overall green innovation efficiency of the Great Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Group is stable. The distribution of urban green innovation efficiency in the region is characterized by urban gradient and mid-stream drive. In the process of networked innovation, economic development, which has a positive impact on green innovation, promotes the overall effectiveness of the network structure. The low efficiency of urban educational resources, which has a negative impact on green innovation, leads to the redundancy of a network scale. The unapparent advantage of industrial structures, which have a negative impact on the development of green innovation, leads to the insufficient depth and breadth of network openness. Lastly, government support and the level of infrastructure have no impact on green innovation.

scholarly journals Spatial Network Structures of Urban Agglomeration Based on the Improved Gravity Model: A Case Study in China’s Two Urban Agglomerations

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Yubo Zhao ◽  
Gui Zhang ◽  
Hongwei Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
Urban Agglomeration ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Range Limit ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
City Network ◽  
The City

Research on urban agglomerations from the perspective of network spatial structure is important to promote their sustainable development. Based on online and traditional data, this paper first improves three aspects of the traditional spatial gravity model—city quality, the gravitation coefficient, and city distance—considering urban center functional intensity and population mobility tendencies. The resulting improved directional gravity model is applied to analyze the structure of the city network for two urban agglomerations in China, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration (BTHUA) and the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration (YRDUA). The results of the study are as follows: (1) the existing urban connections have obvious hierarchies and imbalances, with the YRDUA urban hierarchical connections being of larger scale. (2) Cities are closely connected, but city networks are unbalanced, though the YRDUA has more balanced urban development. (3) Each node city has a clear radiation range limit, and spatial distance remains an important constraint on urban connections. The backbone network of the BTHUA has a triangular shape and trends toward a “sparse north and dense south,” while the YRDUA is characterized by multiple axes and an overall distribution that trends toward a “dense north and sparse south.” (4) Cities with poor comprehensive strength are more likely to be captured, forming an attract and be attracted relationship. (5) The BTHUA and the YRDUA each form three communities.

scholarly journals Evolution of Hierarchical Structure and Spatial Pattern of Coastal Cities in China – Based on the Data of Distribution of Marine-Related Enterprises

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (s3) ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Wang ◽  
Wenwen Xiao ◽  
Chengwei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Coastal City ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
City Network ◽  
The City

AbstractIn this paper, a comprehensive research of the evolution of the hierarchical structure and spatial pattern of coastal cities in China was conducted based on the data of distribution of the headquarters and subsidiaries of marine-related enterprises in 1995, 2005 and 2015 using the city network research method proposed by Taylor. The results of the empirical research showed: China’s coastal city network had an obvious hierarchical characteristics of “national coastal cityregional coastal city-sub-regional coastal city-local coastal city”, in the 20 years of development process, the hierarchies of coastal cities in China showed a hierarchical progressive evolution; in past 20 years, the spatial pattern and network structure of coastal cities in China tended to be complete, and the city network was more uniform, forming a “three tiers and three urban agglomerations” network structure; the strength of connection among the cities was obviously strengthened, and the efficiency of urban spatial connection was improved overall.

scholarly journals Socio-spatial relations observed in the global city network of firms

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255461
Author(s):  
Thomas Sigler ◽  
Kirsten Martinus ◽  
Julia Loginova
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Multinational Firms ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Global City ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Random Graph Model ◽  
City Network

One of the prevailing approaches to the study of the global economy is the analysis of global city networks based on the activities of multinational firms. Research in this vein generally conceptualises cities as nodes, and the intra-firm relations between them as ties, forming the building blocks for globally scaled interurban networks. While such an approach has provided a valuable heuristic for understanding how cities are globally connected, and how the global economy can be conceived of as a network of cities, there is a lack of understanding as to how and why cities are connected, and which factors contribute to the existence of ties between cities. Here, we explain how five distinct socio-spatial dimensions contribute to global city network structure through their diverse effects on interurban dyads. Based on data from 13,583 multinational firms with 163,821 international subsidiary locations drawn from 208 global securities exchanges, we hypothesise how regional, linguistic, industrial, developmental, and command & control relations may contribute to network structure. We then test these by applying an exponential random graph model (ERGM) to explain how each dimension may contribute to cities’ embeddedness within the overall network. Though all are shown to shape interurban relations to some extent, we find that two cities sharing a common industrial base are more likely to be connected. The ERGM also reveals a strong core-periphery structure in that cities in middle- and low-income countries are more reliant on connectivity than those in high-income countries. Our findings indicate that, despite claims seeking to de-emphasise the top-heavy organisational structure of the global urban economic network, interurban relations are characterised by uneven global development in which socio-spatial embeddedness manifests through a combination of similarity (homophily) and difference (heterophily) as determined by heterogeneous power relationships underlying global systems of production, exchange and consumption.

scholarly journals THE PLANNING AND CONDUCTING TRANSPORT AND TRANSPORT-SOCIOLOGICAL SURVEYS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A LOCAL PROJECT OF THE BELGOROD URBAN AGGLOMERATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Liliya Kushchenko ◽  
Sergey Kushchenko ◽  
Alexander Novikov ◽  
Ivan Novikov
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Urban Agglomeration ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Agglomeration Effect ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City

When forming industrial and economic relations, there is a need for purposeful planning and development of urban agglomerations. The most urgent problem of spatial development of regions is due to the existing differences in the standard of living, conditions, as well as the scheme of the street and road network, namely, peripheral points. An important role in ensuring a high level of development of all the territories of the region is played by "group" forms of highly concentrated settlement, such as urban agglomerations. The development of urban agglomeration makes it possible to distribute industrial production, as well as rationally arrange them in relation to residential development, which will further improve economic and environmental indicators in large cities. In addition, an urban agglomeration that has significantly more opportunities for development is an environment that has properties favorable for inertial processes [6]. The article discusses the features of the formation of the urban agglomeration of the city of Belgorod. The territorial and functional structure of the urban agglomeration is presented. Priorities for the development of the urban agglomeration are outlined. The influence of the agglomeration effect on the economic growth of the region is revealed.

Restructuring Centers of Former Rural Settlements and Weekend-Residence Zones

2020 ◽  
pp. 361-379
Author(s):  
Milena Dinić-Branković ◽  
Jelena Đekić ◽  
Petar Mitković ◽  
Milica Igić
Keyword(s):  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Development Patterns ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Mixed Use ◽  
Administrative Area ◽  
City Network ◽  
The City ◽  
Urban Matrix

The zone of post-socialist suburbia was predefined even during socialism, when rural settlements surrounding large cities were joined with city territory. After the fall of socialism, new intensive transformations unfolded in suburban areas. This chapter analyzes the centers of suburban settlements by using a segment of the administrative area of the City of Niš, Serbia as a case study. Selected settlements have high values of demographic growth in the post-socialist period: four settlements of rural origin, one sprawling settlement, and one settlement of former weekend-residences. This chapter is set to investigate current development patterns in suburbia and to formulate guidelines for designing suburban centers. Urban matrix for mixed-use centers is created, which shapes the center spatially and functionally. Vital centers of suburban neighborhoods that are integrated into the city network represent the only sustainable form of development of suburban areas and city as a whole.

The Impact of High-Speed Rail on the Spatial Structure of Chinese Urban Agglomerations

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-397
Author(s):  
Chunyang Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
River Delta ◽  
City Size ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Spatial Systems ◽  
Economic Concentration ◽  
The Impact

This paper measures the spatial evolution of urban agglomerations to understand be er the impact of high-speed rail (HSR) construction, based on panel data from fi ve major urban agglomerations in China for the period 2004–2015. It is found that there are signi ficant regional diff erences of HSR impacts. The construction of HSR has promoted population and economic diff usion in two advanced urban agglomerations, namely the Yang e River Delta and Pearl River Delta, while promoting population and economic concentration in two relatively less advanced urban agglomerations, e.g. the middle reaches of the Yang e River and Chengdu–Chongqing. In terms of city size, HSR promotes the economic proliferation of large cities and the economic concentration of small and medium-sized cities along its routes. HSR networking has provided a new impetus for restructuring urban spatial systems. Every region should optimize the industrial division with strategic functions of urban agglomeration according to local conditions and accelerate the construction of inter-city intra-regional transport network to maximize the eff ects of high-speed rail across a large regional territory.

scholarly journals Trends and dynamics of material and energy flows in an urban context: a case study of a city with an emerging economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Inés Pardo Martínez ◽  
William Alfonso Piña ◽  
Angelo Facchini ◽  
Alexander Cotte Poveda
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Material Flows ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Energy Flows ◽  
The City

Abstract Background Currently, most of the world’s population lives in cities, and the rapid urbanization of the population is driving increases in the demand for products, goods and services. To effectively design policies for urban sustainability, it is important to understand the trends of flows in energy and materials as they enter and leave a city. This knowledge is essential for determining the key elements characterizing future urban growth and addressing future supply challenges. Methods This paper presents an analysis of the energy and material flows in the city of Bogotá over the time span from 2001 to 2017. Urban flows are also characterized in terms of their temporal evolution with respect to population growth to compare and identify the changes in the main input flows, wealth production, emissions and waste in the city. Results The results of the analysis are then compared with those for other selected large urban agglomerations in Latin America and worldwide to highlight similarities and make inferences. The results show that in Bogotá, there was a decrease in some of the material flows, such as the consumption of water and the generation of discharge, in recent years, while there was an increase in the consumption of energy and cement and in the production of CO2 emissions and construction materials. Solid waste production remained relatively stable. With respect to the other large cities considered, we observe that the 10-year growth rates of the flows with respect to population growth are lower in Bogotá, particularly when compared with the other urban agglomerations in Latin America. Conclusions The findings of this study are important for advancing characterizations of the trends of material and energy flows in cities, and they contribute to the establishment of a benchmark that allows for the definition and evaluation of the different impacts of public policy while promoting the sustainability of Bogotá in the coming decades.

Predictive Analytics for Smart Parking: A Deep Learning Approach in Forecasting of IoT Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Francesco Piccialli ◽  
Fabio Giampaolo ◽  
Edoardo Prezioso ◽  
Danilo Crisci ◽  
Salvatore Cuomo
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Predictive Analytics ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Search Time ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Ensemble Technique ◽  
Smart Parking ◽  
Polluting Emissions ◽  
The City

Nowadays, a sustainable and smart city focuses on energy efficiency and the reduction of polluting emissions through smart mobility projects and initiatives to “sensitize” infrastructure. Smart parking is one of the building blocks of intelligent mobility, innovative mobility that aims to be flexible, integrated, and sustainable and consequently integrated into a Smart City. By using the Internet of Things (IoT) sensors located in the parking areas or the underground car parks in combination with a mobile application, which indicates to citizens the free places in the different areas of the city and guides them toward the chosen parking, it is possible to reduce air pollution and fluidifying noise traffic. In this article, we present and discuss an innovative Deep Learning-based ensemble technique in forecasting the parking space occupancy to reduce the search time for parking and to optimize the flow of cars in particularly congested areas, with an overall positive impact on traffic in urban centres. A genetic algorithm has also been used to optimize predictors parameters. The main goal is to design an intelligent IoT-based service that can predict, in the next few hours, the parking spaces occupancy of a street. The proposed approach has been assessed on a real IoT dataset composed by over than 15M of collected sensor records. Obtained results demonstrate that our method outperforms both single predictors and the widely used strategy of the mean providing inherently robust predictions.

The Tafel and food poverty in Germany

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Werth
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
German Society ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Homeless Shelters ◽  
Diverse Communities ◽  
Good Nutrition ◽  
The City ◽  
Primary Mission

Founded in 1993 by four women in Berlin, Germany, the Berliner Tafel is Germany’s oldest food rescue organization. The Tafel concept was quickly replicated and eventually developed into a nationwide network. Today, the Berliner Tafel has approximately 1,800 volunteers who tirelessly work to collect surplus food and deliver it to those in need throughout the city. The organization supplies over 300 social initiatives ranging from homeless shelters to soup kitchens and operates 45 food distribution points, Laib und Seele, in partnership with churches and the regional radio and television network. The Berliner Tafel supports more than 125,000 people in need every month with quality food that would otherwise have been unnecessarily thrown away. After the organization’s primary mission of rescuing food had adequately matured, the decision was taken to branch out and impact the lives of the children and youth of Berlin by establishing the KIMBA programme, which aims to teach young people from all backgrounds the value of food, good nutrition and the importance of sharing a meal together. Through all these activities the Berliner Tafel bolsters the fabric of German society by supporting vulnerable citizens while simultaneously having a positive impact on the environment and encouraging solidarity within and among Berlin’s diverse communities.

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