scholarly journals Phenotypic Diversity of Doum Palm (Hyphaene compressa), a Semi‐Domesticated Palm in the Arid and Semi‐Arid Regions of Kenya

Scientifica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Agnes Omire ◽  
Nancy L. M. Budambula ◽  
Johnstone Neondo ◽  
Robert Gituru ◽  
Cecilia Mweu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Fruit Traits ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Linear Discriminant

Hyphaene compressa is an economically important palm in Africa. Despite its significant role in the livelihoods of rural communities, the diversity of doum palm is poorly documented and studied. In addition, it has no model descriptor that can aid such studies. Ninety H. compressa accessions collected from Northern, Eastern, and Coastal regions of Kenya were examined to determine the morphological variability of the vegetative and fruit traits of H. compressa and to identify its morphotypes for improvement. A total of 19 morphological characters including seven quantitative and 12 qualitative traits of fruit and vegetative traits were selected. Linear mixed-effects models, principal component analysis, and linear discriminant analyses were used to assess the variation in the morphological traits of doum palm based on the regions. Hierarchical clustering was performed to identify the morphotypes of H. compressa. There was variability in H. compressa morphological traits, particularly at the Kenyan Coast. All seven quantitative traits were able to effectively discriminate doum palm phenotypically p ≤ 0.001 . The 90 accessions clustered into five morphotypes designated as 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Morphotype 4 was specific only to the Coastal region. Morphotype 5 had the tallest trees with the biggest fruits and included palms from Eastern and Coastal regions making it the best morphotype for fruit traits. This study will inform the domestication, improvement, and conservation of H. compressa by selecting elite accessions.

Morphological and molecular diversity and genetic structure of Moroccan cultivated almond (Prunus dulcisMill.) beside some foreign varieties

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelali El Hamzaoui ◽  
Ahmed Oukabli ◽  
Mohiéddine Moumni
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Fruit Traits ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Clustering Approach

In this study, 15 morphological traits and 16 microsatellite markers were used to assess the morphological variability and structure of 68 (33 local and 35 foreign) almond accessions (Prunus dulcis(Mill.) D.A. Webb). Extensive phenotypic diversity was found among the accessions, and results indicated a high variation in leaf and fruit traits. Varieties were separated into two distinct groups with a similarity coefficient of 0.761. Morphological traits were categorized by principal component analysis into five components, which explained 86.5% of the total variation. Nut and kernel traits were dominant in the two first components, accounting for 49.4% of the variation. By contrast, leaf traits accounted for 18.4% of the variation in the third component. The results of molecular analysis (Bayesian clustering approach) did not correspond to morphological groupings, and the second approach was more discriminate. The combination of both approaches revealed the richness among the collected plant materials, which will be useful in breeding programmes of this species.

scholarly journals Morphometric variation and taxonomic identification of thirteen wild rose populations from Tunisia

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohra Ben Cheikh-Affene ◽  
Faouzi Haouala ◽  
Fethia Harzallah-Skhiri
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Taxonomic Identification ◽  
Morphometric Variation ◽  
Central Tunisia ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster Analyses

AbstractThirteen populations of wild roses (Rosa L.) growing in northern and central Tunisia have been used for studies on the discrimination between accessions and populations. Thirty-eight morphological characters related to the branches, prickles, leaves and corymbs were measured on the collected accessions to study the phenotypic diversity among and within species. Principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses (PCA and HCA) separated rose accessions into two distinctive groups and eight subgroups. A taxonomic interpretation of the morphological variability has shown that Tunisian rose populations belong to two sections (Synstylae and Caninae) of the genus Rosa. Moreover, they have been identified as seven separated taxa: R. sempervirens L., R. sempervirens var. submoshata Rouy., R. sempervirens var. prostrata Lindl. belonging to Synstylae section and R. canina L., R. agrestis Savi., R. micrantha Smith. and R. dumetorum Thuill. belonging to Caninae section. PCA and HCA proved that morphological characters used in taxonomic identification such as styles form, leaf and leaflets length, number of flowers by corymb, leaflet serration, presence of glands in leaflet, peduncle, receptacle and sepal have a high value of discrimination, and have been very successful in morphological identification.

scholarly journals An assessment of the taxonomic validity of three species of marsupial frogs (Anura: Hemiphractidae: Gastrotheca) from the Yungas of Bolivia based on external morphology and cranial osteology

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5068 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-239
Author(s):  
CLAUDIA LANSAC ◽  
RODRIGO AGUAYO ◽  
IGNACIO DE LA RIVA
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Biological Entity ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Cranial Osteology

The genus Gastrotheca (Anura: Hemiphractidae) is a group of marsupial frogs particularly diverse in Andean regions. Several taxonomic studies of this genus have been conducted in the humid cloud forests—or Yungas—of the Andean eastern slopes of central Bolivia (departments of Cochabamba and Santa Cruz). Yet, the distinction among three species that occur sympatrically in these forests, G. lauzuricae (proposed as a junior synonym of G. coeruleomaculatus in 2015), G. piperata, and G. splendens, remains unclear since the morphological characters that purportedly support their differentiation are variable and partly shared among them. We have carried out external morphological studies, including multivariate morphometric analyses, to assess how they support the taxonomic status of these three species. We also evaluated characters of the cranial osteology of a sample of six individuals using micro CT-scanning. Principal component and linear discriminant analyses resulted in a great overlap among the putative species. Cranial osteological comparisons did not reveal highly significant differences among them, but suggested that different degrees of hyperossification could be related to the developmental state of individuals. Our results indicate that most morphological and osteological reported differences between the three species likely represent intraspecific variation. Thus, we propose that the three nominal species belong to a single biological entity, for which the name Gastrotheca splendens (Schmidt, 1857) has priority. We also restrict the name Gastrotheca coeruleomaculatus (Werner, 1899) to externally similar congeneric populations from the Yungas forests of department of La Paz, but highlighting the need of a detailed evaluation of their taxonomic identity.  

scholarly journals A Systematic Analysis of the Alpine Saxifrage Complex (Saxifragaceae) in the Canadian Arctic Islands Using Morphology and Chloroplast DNA Data

2004 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Healy ◽  
Lynn J. Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Site Analysis

The Saxifraga nivalis complex displays significant ecological, morphological and cytological variation. Most European studies suggest that the S. nivalis complex comprises two distinct species: Saxifraga nivalis sensu stricto and Saxifraga tenuis. However, the presence of intermediate morphotypes, inconsistencies in chromosomal counts and variability in morphological keys and descriptions have led to different taxonomic interpretations of the complex in North America. This study investigated the systematics of Canadian Arctic Island members of this complex from 157 specimens using 23 morphological characters. Principal component analysis of the morphological data revealed two adjacent clusters, corresponding to the two taxa and consistent with a close morphological similarity and the presence of hybrids. A preliminary restriction site analysis of five non-coding regions of the chloroplast genome, trnH-trnK, trnT-trnF, trnF-trnV, trnV-rbcL and rbcL-ORF106, was conducted using 21 restriction endonucleases. This analysis indicated a length difference between the trnT-trnF region of S. nivalis and that of S. tenuis, but no difference in restriction sites for any of the assayed regions. These results confirm that in the Canadian Arctic, the S. nivalis complex consists of two closely related, largely sympatric species, with notable morphological variability, and possible hybrids.

scholarly journals Morphological variability of acorns and its taxonomic significance in Quercus. from Turkey

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Bakis ◽  
MT Babaç
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Quercus Species ◽  
Different Populations

Morphological variations of acorn among and within the groups of Quercus species were studied. A total of 617 acorns belonging to 14 species representing all 3 sections of Quercus L. (Fagaceae) in Turkey were examined in this study. Specimens were collected from 47 different populations over both Anatolian and Thrace part of Turkey. Principal component analysis was used to analyze the morphological characteristics of acorns. Results obtained from this study demonstrate the use of morphological characters in differentiating the taxa of Quercus and Cerris sections studied. Another important finding is the introgression among the acorns of species within Quercus section DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i3.21601 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(3): 293-299, 2014 (December)

scholarly journals Agro-morphological characterization based genetic diversity of Indonesian local rice germplasm

2021 ◽  
Vol 948 (1) ◽  
pp. 012004
Author(s):  
I W Mulsanti ◽  
A Risliawati ◽  
N Yunani
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Rice Germplasm ◽  
Productive Tiller

Abstract The present study was carried out to characterize 103 Indonesian local rice germplasm on the basis of 20 agro-morphological traits. The local rice germplasm originated from Riau and Jambi province in Sumatera island. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to analyzed 11 quantitative data. PCA explained the genetic diversity of the rice germplasm accession. Most of the morphological characters showed variation in different accession. PC1 and PC2 explained about 32.5% and 22.1% of the variability, respectively. PCI and PC2 mostly related with traits such as productive tiller number (PTN), vegetative tiller number (VTN), plant height (PH), and culm length (CL). PCA-Biplot showed accession from Jambi and Riau manage to be separated, even though the PCA percent is only 54.6%. Accession originated from Riau marked by number of tillers (PTN, VTN), and grain weight (GW) traits. Based on cluster analysis, rice germplasm grouped in to 4 main clusters. Most of the accession from Jambi and Riau grouped in the same cluster, which is cluster I. Whereas eight local accessions from Riau grouped in the same cluster separately (cluster II). Two accession which are Padi Jarum (Acc 2711) and Ketan Hitam (Acc 9300) are individually, separated from others.

Morphological variability withinOesophagostomum bifurcumamong different primate species from Ghana

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. de Gruijter ◽  
J. Blotkamp ◽  
R.B. Gasser ◽  
S. Amponsah ◽  
A.M. Polderman
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Distinct Population ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Olive Baboons ◽  
Green Monkey ◽  
Length Width

AbstractAdultOesophagostomum bifurcum(Nematoda: Strongylida) from human and non-human primates from Ghana were compared in order to investigate the extent of morphological variability within the species. Using analysis of variance and principal component analysis, significant differences in morphological characters (such as parasite length, width, length of the oesophagus and length of spicules) were demonstrated betweenO. bifurcumworms from humans, the Mona, Patas or Green monkey and/or Olive baboons. These findings suggest thatO. bifurcumfrom different species of primate host represent distinct population variants, also supported by recent epidemiological and genetic studies ofO. bifurcumfrom such hosts.

scholarly journals Morphological variability of recent species of the order Cassiduloida (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) of Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (Suppl.1) ◽  
pp. 423-437
Author(s):  
Andrea-Alejandra Caballero-Ochoa ◽  
Blanca-E. Buitrón-Sánchez ◽  
Carlos-A. Conejeros-Vargas ◽  
Brenda-L. Esteban-Vázquez ◽  
Mariana-P. Ruiz-Nava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Living Species ◽  
Qualitative Characters ◽  
Recent Species ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
Character Correlations

ntroduction: In Mexico, there are two recorded living species of Cassiduloida: Cassidulus caribaearum and Rhyncholampas pacifica. Most of the taxonomic studies on cassiduloids have used external morphology, pedicellariae and morphometric characters; however, the intraspecific variation of quantitative and qualitative characters has been poorly evaluated. Objective: To compare the basic morphology of R. pacifica and C. caribaearum. Methods: We examined a total of 2 158 specimens of R. pacifica and C. caribaearum, selecting 50 to evaluate shape and size with linear regression and Principal Component analysis. We selected an additional 62 specimens per species to identify significant character correlations and morphological groups within species. Results: There is a direct relationship between Test length and Test width. Test height/Test width, and Total length (oral view)/Distance from the ambitus to the peristome apex, are the two main ratios to distinguish both species. C. caribaearum is more dorsoventrally compressed and has a round peristome base; versus R. pacifica has a tall and triangular one. There are four morphological groups of C. caribaearum and two groups for R. pacifica. Conclusions: These two species can be distinguished with reliable morphological characters, in which peristome shape suggests that R. pacifica is more adapted to burrowing deeper into certain types of substratum.

Phenotypic diversity of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)accessions in the Philippines for utilization

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidelisa De Chavez ◽  
Teresita Borromeo ◽  
Nic Oswald Borines ◽  
Renerio Jr Gentallan
Keyword(s):  
Coat Color ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Soybean Germplasm ◽  
Plant Growth Habit ◽  
Qualitative Characters

An increasing trend of soybean production and consumption has been seen in the Philippines. To assess the potential of the soybean germplasm for utilization, diversity of the Philippine soybean collection was established. High diversity was marked on 17 out of 29 qualitative characters, which include plant growth habit, leaf blistering and flower standard color. Phenotypic diversity indices (H’) of 92 soybean accessions averaged at 0.62. This aside, traits identical to a variety of soybean with superior characters were all present in the soybean germplasm collection. Using simple matching similarity coefficient, cluster analysis separated the different accessions into 12 distinct clusters at 62% similarity. Categorical Principal Component Analysis (CATPCA) showed that two independent components accounted for 35.36% of the total variation of the qualitative morphological characters. Factor loadings for each component showed the morphological characters, such as pubescence color, flower wing color, and seed coat color, that were contributing to the high projections in the two principal components. Accessions with vigorous seedlings were also observed. With the marked trait diversity, the soybean collection could be potentially used directly and for breeding purposes. Consequently, to uncover further the potential of our genetic resources at hand, the remaining germplasm accessions at NPGRL should be characterized and evaluated

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of Albanian pea (Pisum sativum L.) landraces assessed by morphological traits and molecular markers

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gixhari ◽  
M. Pavelková ◽  
H. Ismaili ◽  
H. Vrapi ◽  
A. Jaupi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Insertion Polymorphism ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

In order to investigate the genetic diversity present in the pea germplasm stored in the Albanian genebank, we analyzed 28 local pea genotypes of Albanian origins for 23 quantitative morphological traits, as well as 14 retrotransposon-based insertion polymorphism (RBIP) molecular markers. The study of morphological characters carried out during three growing seasons (2010, 2011 and 2012) had the objective of characterization of traits useful in breeding programs. RBIP marker analysis revealed the genetic similarity in range from 0.06 to 0.45. ANOVA, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis was used to visualize the association among different traits. Most of the quantitative morphological traits showed significant differences. PCA and cluster analysis (Ward’s method) carried out for morphological traits divided the local pea genotypes into three clusters. Finally, the study identified the agronomicaly important traits which will facilitate the maintenance and agronomic evaluation of the collections.

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