scholarly journals The Possible Biotechnological Use of Edible Mushroom Bioproducts for Controlling Plant and Animal Parasitic Nematodes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Sarahi Castañeda-Ramírez ◽  
Juan Felipe de Jesús Torres-Acosta ◽  
José Ernesto Sánchez ◽  
Pedro Mendoza-de-Gives ◽  
Manases González-Cortázar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Edible Mushroom ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Livestock Industry ◽  
Nematocidal Activity ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Potential Use

The present paper reviewed publications on the nematocidal activity of edible mushrooms (EM) and their potential use as sustainable tools for the control of parasitic nematodes affecting agriculture and livestock industry. Nematodes are organisms living in the soil and animals’ guts where they may live as parasites severely affecting economically important crops and farm animals, thus causing economic losses to worldwide agriculture. Traditionally, parasitic nematodes have been controlled using commercial pesticides and anthelmintic (AH) drugs. Over the years, nematodes developed resistance to the AH drugs, reducing the usefulness of many commercial drugs. Also, the use of pesticides/anthelmintic drugs to control nematodes can have important negative impacts on the environment. Different EM have been not only used as food but also studied as alternative methods for controlling several diseases including parasitic nematodes. The present paper reviewed publications from the last decades about the nematocidal activity of EM and assessed their potential use as sustainable tools for the control of nematodes affecting agriculture and livestock industry. A reduced number of reports on the effect of EM against nematodes were found, and an even smaller number of reports regarding the potential AH activity of chemical compounds isolated from EM products were found. However, those studies have produced promising results that certainly deserve further investigation. It is concluded that EM, their fractions and extracts, and some compounds contained in them may have biotechnological application for the control of animal and plant parasitic nematodes.

scholarly journals Optimizing Safe Approaches to Manage Plant-Parasitic Nematodes

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1911
Author(s):  
Mahfouz M. M. Abd-Elgawad
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Microbial Groups ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) infect and cause substantial yield losses of many foods, feed, and fiber crops. Increasing concern over chemical nematicides has increased interest in safe alternative methods to minimize these losses. This review focuses on the use and potential of current methods such as biologicals, botanicals, non-host crops, and related rotations, as well as modern techniques against PPNs in sustainable agroecosystems. To evaluate their potential for control, this review offers overviews of their interactions with other biotic and abiotic factors from the standpoint of PPN management. The positive or negative roles of specific production practices are assessed in the context of integrated pest management. Examples are given to reinforce PPN control and increase crop yields via dual-purpose, sequential, and co-application of agricultural inputs. The involved PPN control mechanisms were reviewed with suggestions to optimize their gains. Using the biologicals would preferably be backed by agricultural conservation practices to face issues related to their reliability, inconsistency, and slow activity against PPNs. These practices may comprise offering supplementary resources, such as adequate organic matter, enhancing their habitat quality via specific soil amendments, and reducing or avoiding negative influences of pesticides. Soil microbiome and planted genotypes should be manipulated in specific nematode-suppressive soils to conserve native biologicals that serve to control PPNs. Culture-dependent techniques may be expanded to use promising microbial groups of the suppressive soils to recycle in their host populations. Other modern techniques for PPN control are discussed to maximize their efficient use.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in aborted fetuses of goats in Chattogram, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 2386-2391
Author(s):  
Tanjila Hasan ◽  
Abdul Mannan ◽  
Delower Hossain ◽  
Azizunnesa Rekha ◽  
Md. Monir Hossan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Positive Sample ◽  
Reproductive Failure ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Livestock Industry ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Congenital Diseases

Background and Aim: Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that is responsible for the major cause of congenital diseases, abortion, and stillbirth in humans and farm animals. Primary infection in pregnant goats due to T. gondii leads to abortion and significant economic losses in the livestock industry. Moreover, very few studies have been performed for the identification of T. gondii from aborted fetuses of goats. The study was conducted for the molecular identification of Toxoplasma gondii from aborted fetuses of goats in Chattogram, Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: Twenty aborted fetuses of goats were collected from 52 farms in the study area. A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the B1 gene was performed, and a positive sample yield of 197 bp amplified DNA products consistent with T. gondii. Results: The overall prevalence of toxoplasmosis in the aborted fetus of goats was 35.0%. Heart muscle, liver, brain, and placenta showed positive PCR results. The risk factors related to the does age, presence of cats in farms, and aborted fetus age were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Our results showed that T. gondii is a major possible causal factor for abortion and reproductive failure in goats. The high prevalence of T. gondii infection in aborted fetuses of goats revealed that T. gondii could be imperative in causing reproductive failure in goats. Conclusion: Active or congenital toxoplasmosis was shown by the presence of T. gondii in fetal tissues, which is a matter of concern as this parasite has zoonotic significance and causes economic hazards to the livestock industry by causing various reproductive problems. Therefore, proper control measures and strategies are needed to reduce the rate of abortion in goats, ultimately saving the livestock industry.

Resistance genes against plant-parasitic nematodes: a durable control strategy?

Nematology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura J. Davies ◽  
Axel A. Elling
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Evolutionary Forces ◽  
Plant Nematode ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Plant-parasitic nematodes are a major pest of all agricultural systems, causing extensive economic losses. Natural resistance (R) genes offer an alternative to chemical control and have been shown effectively to limit nematode damage to crops in the field. Whilst a number of resistant cultivars have conferred resistance against root-knot and cyst nematodes for many decades, an increasing number of reports of resistance-breaking nematode pathotypes are beginning to emerge. The forces affecting the emergence of virulent nematodes are complex, multifactorial and involve both the host and parasite of the plant-nematode interaction. This review provides an overview of the root-knot and cyst nematodeRgenes characterised to date, in addition to examining the evolutionary forces influencing nematode populations and the emergence of virulence. Finally, potential strategies to improveRgene durability in the field are outlined, and areas that would benefit from further research efforts are highlighted.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Beneficial Microbes in Sustainable Management of Plant Parasitic Nematodes: A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-139
Author(s):  
Rudoviko Galileya Medison ◽  
Milca Banda Medison ◽  
Litao Tan ◽  
Zhengxiang Sun ◽  
Yi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Beneficial Microbes ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
The Right ◽  
Plant Parasitic

The soil inhabits many microbes, including plant parasitic nematodes. Plant parasitic nematodes are reported to cause substantial damage to crops which results in yield and economic losses. Chemical control is the most widely used method to control plant parasitic nematodes. However, the consequences of synthetic chemicals are detrimental to human health, animals, and the environment and face so many strict regulatory measures. Synthetic chemicals are also not reliable with their inability to provide long-term protection. Many studies have shown that the use of beneficial fungi and bacteria has the potential to prevent and suppress plant parasitic nematodes while keeping the environment safe. Several experiments have demonstrated that bioproducts of microbial origin are cheap, safe, and provide long-lasting biocontrol effects against pathogens both in vitro and field conditions. Therefore, this review aims to discuss mechanisms that beneficial microbes and their products use to successfully suppress plant parasitic nematodes. The review also explains the importance of using commercial bionematicides in the sustainable management of plant parasitic nematodes. The existing challenges that are limiting the full application of beneficial microbes, and what needs to be done to fully utilize biocontrol agents in the management of plant parasitic nematodes have also been discussed. To the best of our knowledge, this review has come at the right time to give researchers and plant growers more options when several synthetic chemical nematicides are being banned by regulatory authorities due to their hazardous effects.

Molecular characterization and functional analysis of a glutathione peroxidase gene from Aphelenchoides besseyi (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bu-Yong Wang ◽  
Rong-Rong Wen ◽  
Ling Ma
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Immune Evasion ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
The World ◽  
Aphelenchoides Besseyi ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Abstract, the nematode agent of rice tip white disease, causes huge economic losses in almost all the rice-growing regions of the world. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), an esophageal glands secretion protein, plays important roles in the parasitism, immune evasion, reproduction and pathogenesis of many plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs). Therefore, GPx is a promising target for control

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