scholarly journals Molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in aborted fetuses of goats in Chattogram, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 2386-2391
Author(s):  
Tanjila Hasan ◽  
Abdul Mannan ◽  
Delower Hossain ◽  
Azizunnesa Rekha ◽  
Md. Monir Hossan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Positive Sample ◽  
Reproductive Failure ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Livestock Industry ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Congenital Diseases

Background and Aim: Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that is responsible for the major cause of congenital diseases, abortion, and stillbirth in humans and farm animals. Primary infection in pregnant goats due to T. gondii leads to abortion and significant economic losses in the livestock industry. Moreover, very few studies have been performed for the identification of T. gondii from aborted fetuses of goats. The study was conducted for the molecular identification of Toxoplasma gondii from aborted fetuses of goats in Chattogram, Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: Twenty aborted fetuses of goats were collected from 52 farms in the study area. A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the B1 gene was performed, and a positive sample yield of 197 bp amplified DNA products consistent with T. gondii. Results: The overall prevalence of toxoplasmosis in the aborted fetus of goats was 35.0%. Heart muscle, liver, brain, and placenta showed positive PCR results. The risk factors related to the does age, presence of cats in farms, and aborted fetus age were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Our results showed that T. gondii is a major possible causal factor for abortion and reproductive failure in goats. The high prevalence of T. gondii infection in aborted fetuses of goats revealed that T. gondii could be imperative in causing reproductive failure in goats. Conclusion: Active or congenital toxoplasmosis was shown by the presence of T. gondii in fetal tissues, which is a matter of concern as this parasite has zoonotic significance and causes economic hazards to the livestock industry by causing various reproductive problems. Therefore, proper control measures and strategies are needed to reduce the rate of abortion in goats, ultimately saving the livestock industry.

scholarly journals Serological survey of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and Coxiella burnetii in rodents in north-western African islands (Canary Islands and Cape Verde)

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Foronda ◽  
Josué Plata-Luis ◽  
Borja Del Castillo-Figueruelo ◽  
Ángela Fernández-Álvarez ◽  
Aarón Martín-Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
North Western

Coxiella burnetii and Toxoplasma gondii are intracellular parasites that cause important reproductive disorders in animals and humans worldwide, resulting in high economic losses. The aim of the present study was to analyse the possible role of peridomestic small mammals in the maintenance and transmission of C. burnetii and T. gondii in the north-western African archipelagos of the Canary Islands and Cape Verde, where these species are commonly found affecting humans and farm animals. Between 2009 and 2013, 108 black rats (Rattus rattus) and 77 mice (Mus musculus) were analysed for the presence of Coxiella and Toxoplasma antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence (IFA), respectively. Our results showed a wide distribution of C. burnetii and T. gondii, except for T. gondii in Cape Verde, in both rodent species. The overall seroprevalence of C. burnetii antibodies was 12.4%; 21.1% for Cape Verde and 10.2% for the Canary Islands. With respect to T. gondii, seropositive rodents were only observed in the Canary Islands, with an overall seroprevalence of 15%. Considering the fact that both pathogens can infect a large range of hosts, including livestock and humans, the results are of public health and veterinary importance and could be used by governmental entities to manage risk factors and to prevent future cases of Q fever and toxoplasmosis.

scholarly journals The Possible Biotechnological Use of Edible Mushroom Bioproducts for Controlling Plant and Animal Parasitic Nematodes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Sarahi Castañeda-Ramírez ◽  
Juan Felipe de Jesús Torres-Acosta ◽  
José Ernesto Sánchez ◽  
Pedro Mendoza-de-Gives ◽  
Manases González-Cortázar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Edible Mushroom ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Livestock Industry ◽  
Nematocidal Activity ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Potential Use

The present paper reviewed publications on the nematocidal activity of edible mushrooms (EM) and their potential use as sustainable tools for the control of parasitic nematodes affecting agriculture and livestock industry. Nematodes are organisms living in the soil and animals’ guts where they may live as parasites severely affecting economically important crops and farm animals, thus causing economic losses to worldwide agriculture. Traditionally, parasitic nematodes have been controlled using commercial pesticides and anthelmintic (AH) drugs. Over the years, nematodes developed resistance to the AH drugs, reducing the usefulness of many commercial drugs. Also, the use of pesticides/anthelmintic drugs to control nematodes can have important negative impacts on the environment. Different EM have been not only used as food but also studied as alternative methods for controlling several diseases including parasitic nematodes. The present paper reviewed publications from the last decades about the nematocidal activity of EM and assessed their potential use as sustainable tools for the control of nematodes affecting agriculture and livestock industry. A reduced number of reports on the effect of EM against nematodes were found, and an even smaller number of reports regarding the potential AH activity of chemical compounds isolated from EM products were found. However, those studies have produced promising results that certainly deserve further investigation. It is concluded that EM, their fractions and extracts, and some compounds contained in them may have biotechnological application for the control of animal and plant parasitic nematodes.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii in goats from Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil: risks factors and epidemiology

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Garcia ◽  
Cristina Sotomaior ◽  
Aguinaldo José do Nascimento ◽  
Italmar Teodorico Navarro ◽  
Vanete Thomaz Soccol
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Eastern State ◽  
One Year ◽  
Immunofluorescence Antibody Test

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii, a protozoan with wide geographical distribution and minimal parasitic specificity that affects many species of wild and domestic animals. In livestock, especially in small ruminants like goats, toxoplasmosis can cause abortion and the birth of weak animals, leading to economic losses to farmers, and is a major source of human infection. This is a seroepidemiological study of toxoplasmosis in goats in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Sera from 405 goats from the metropolitan mesoregion of Curitiba, eastern state, were tested by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT). Information on properties and goat characteristics was also collected using questionnaires. The prevalence of toxoplasmosis was 39.41 and 35.96% by ELISA and IFAT, respectively. T. gondii antibody prevalence increased with age. The risk factors for T. gondii infection in goats were: age over one year; exposure to cats, type of management and purpose of breeding. Other epidemiological factors and relevant control measures are discussed in the current study.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Toxoplasma gondii and Sarcocystis spp. in raw kibbeh and other meat samples commercialized in Botucatu, Southeastern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helio Langoni ◽  
Diego Generoso ◽  
Ênio Yoshinori Hayasaka ◽  
Karine Bott Mantovan ◽  
Benedito Donizete Menozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Positive Sample ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Sarcocystis Spp ◽  
Commercial Markets ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Pcr Targeting

Abstract Toxoplasmosis occurs worldwide causing economic losses to the animal production and problems to the public health. The study aimed to detect Toxoplasma gondii and Sarcocystis spp.in 141 meat products from commercial meat cuts of pork, beef, and kibbeh sold in commercial markets from Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Samples were bioassayed in mice to isolate the parasite, and the parasite DNA detected by PCR targeting the 529 base pairs repeat element region (PCR-529-bp). All samples resulted negative on bioassay, whereas PCR positive for 9 (6,38%), distributed as 5/48 beef, 3/49 pork, and 1/44 kibbeh. PCR-positive were investigated for the the parasite genotype using multiplex-, nested-, and RFLP-PCR for 11 markers (SAG1, 5’-3’SAG2, alt.SAG2, SAG3, B-TUB, GRA6, L358, c22-8, c29-6, PK1, Apico). Complete genotype was determined on just one PCR-positive sample that matched MAS, TgCkBr89 and TgCkBr147 isolates already identified. In addition, nested- and RFLP-PCR targeting 18S rRNA was run for all PCR-positive samples and, the products, sequenced and aligned to the GenBank at NCBI website. Four samples showed 100% homology with T. gondii (GenBank #L37415.1), three with Sarcocystis hominis (GenBank #AF006471.1), two Sarcocystis cruzi (GenBank #AF176934.1), and one Sarcocystis hirsuta (GenBank #AF006469.1), indicating the circulation of T. gondii and Sarcocystis spp.

scholarly journals Ocurrence and risk factors associated with Mycoplasma agalactiae infection in dairy goat herds of Paraíba State, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Rodrigo A.T. Matos ◽  
Sandra B. Santos ◽  
Renato V. Alves ◽  
Ednaldo J. Silva ◽  
Melânia L. Marinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
The State ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Mycoplasma Agalactiae ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
State Identification

ABSTRACT: Mycoplasmosis is a disease that may cause severe economical losses in goat and sheep herds, and it is associated with mastitis, polyarthritis, agalactia, conjunctivitis, pneumonia and reproductive failure. The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence of Mycoplasma agalactiae in milk samples and investigate the main risk factors associated with infection in goats from farms of the state of Paraíba, Brazil. For Mycoplasma agalactiae diagnosis, 251 milk samples were submitted to DNA extraction using a commercially available kit, following the manufacturer’s instructions and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed. In addition, questionnaires were applied to identify the main risk factors associated with contagious agalactia. Out of the two hundred fifty-one samples analyzed, 50 (19.9%, I.C. 15.1-25.4%) were PCR positive for M. agalactiae. In the risk factors analysis, some associations were observed for the following variables: size of the herd (P<0.001, OR=7.1, I.C. 2.4-20.6), replacement of farm animals (P<0.001, OR=4.7, I.C. 1.8-12.2) and participation of animals in fairs and exhibitions (P=0.029, OR=2.0, I.C.1.0-3.9). The results allowed confirming the occurrence of Mycoplasma agalactiae in milk samples of goats from Paraíba. Therefore, it is strictly necessary to monitor dairy goat flocks and to raise the awareness of farmers about the economic importance of the disease, since it causes severe economic losses for producers of the state. Identification of risk factors is essential for adoption of control measures and for the correction of the management factors in farms where there are animals with positive diagnosis, avoiding, so, pathogen dissemination.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in the dairy goat population from an organic farm

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 736-738
Author(s):  
Dawid Jańczak ◽  
Marcin Świątek ◽  
Żaneta Szymańska ◽  
Roman Niżnikowski ◽  
Elżbieta Gołąb
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Organic Farm ◽  
Goat Population ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Protozoal infection of T. gondii is a public health problem and also causes serious economic losses in livestock production in many countries. Farm animals from organic farms are more likely to be infected. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among 50 dairy goats from an organic farm in the northwestern Poland region and to assess the prevalence of parasite DNA in the milk of infected animals. Serological tests performed by direct agglutination of IgG antibodies against T. gondii were positive in 10% of the tested animals. No parasite DNA was detected in the milk from the seropositive goats. However, the number of tested animals was too small to draw significant epidemiological conclusions.

scholarly journals Goats reinfected with Toxoplasma gondii: loss of viable prolificacy and gross revenue

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1279-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Silva ◽  
M. M. Pereira ◽  
T. A. Oliveira ◽  
H. M. S. Almeida ◽  
K.D.S. Bresciani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Reproductive Management ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Clinical Disorders ◽  
Experimental Group

ABSTRACTWe determined the reproductive parameters and clinical disorders in pregnant goats infected and reinfected with Toxoplasma gondii, and posteriorly the loss of gross revenue due to congenital toxoplasmosis was estimated. Of the 25 non-pregnant females negative for T. gondii, 20 were orally inoculated (ME 49 strain) and of these, 15 pregnant females chronically infected were orally reinoculated (VEG strain) with T. gondii oocysts. Five groups were formed (n=5): GI, GII and GIII (reinoculations at 40, 80 and 120 days of gestation, respectively), GIV (inoculation) and GV (no inoculation). Clinical and serological exams were performed on days 0 (prior to inoculation), 3, 6 9, 15 and 21 and every 7 days post-inoculation. Exams were also performed on day 3 and every 7 days post-reinoculation. Reproductive management was performed on all females and initiated when the females infected displayed IgG titers IFAT<1,024. From the average prolificacy indexes of each experimental group were estimated: total production of kilograms of live weight (total kg LW) of goats for slaughter, gross revenue and loss of gross revenue in U.S. dollars (US$), designed for a herd of 1,000 matrices. The unviable prolificacy indexes were 0.8 (GI), 1.2 (GII) and 0.2 (GIII). Clinical disorders affected 57.1% (GI), 75.0% (GII) and 16.7% (GIII) of the offspring of goats reinfected with T. gondii. Congenital toxoplasmosis in goats reinfected resulted in the loss of 26.5% of gross revenues, being GI (US$ 10,577.60 or 57.1%) and GII (US$ 12,693.12 or 60%) holders of the highest values and percentages of economic losses. It was found that congenital toxoplasmosis reinfection cause clinical disorders in goats chronically infected with T. gondii and their offspring with birth of unviable animals and loss of gross revenue, at different stages of pregnancy (40, 80 and 120 days of gestation), being in the initial and intermediate stages of pregnancy the largest estimates of these losses.

scholarly journals Pathophysiology of Fever and Application of Infrared Thermography (IRT) in the Detection of Sick Domestic Animals: Recent Advances

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2316
Author(s):  
Daniel Mota-Rojas ◽  
Dehua Wang ◽  
Cristiane Gonçalves Titto ◽  
Jocelyn Gómez-Prado ◽  
Verónica Carvajal-de la Fuente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Febrile Response ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Stable Temperature ◽  
Core Body

Body-temperature elevations are multifactorial in origin and classified as hyperthermia as a rise in temperature due to alterations in the thermoregulation mechanism; the body loses the ability to control or regulate body temperature. In contrast, fever is a controlled state, since the body adjusts its stable temperature range to increase body temperature without losing the thermoregulation capacity. Fever refers to an acute phase response that confers a survival benefit on the body, raising core body temperature during infection or systemic inflammation processes to reduce the survival and proliferation of infectious pathogens by altering temperature, restriction of essential nutrients, and the activation of an immune reaction. However, once the infection resolves, the febrile response must be tightly regulated to avoid excessive tissue damage. During fever, neurological, endocrine, immunological, and metabolic changes occur that cause an increase in the stable temperature range, which allows the core body temperature to be considerably increased to stop the invasion of the offending agent and restrict the damage to the organism. There are different metabolic mechanisms of thermoregulation in the febrile response at the central and peripheral levels and cellular events. In response to cold or heat, the brain triggers thermoregulatory responses to coping with changes in body temperature, including autonomic effectors, such as thermogenesis, vasodilation, sweating, and behavioral mechanisms, that trigger flexible, goal-oriented actions, such as seeking heat or cold, nest building, and postural extension. Infrared thermography (IRT) has proven to be a reliable method for the early detection of pathologies affecting animal health and welfare that represent economic losses for farmers. However, the standardization of protocols for IRT use is still needed. Together with the complete understanding of the physiological and behavioral responses involved in the febrile process, it is possible to have timely solutions to serious problem situations. For this reason, the present review aims to analyze the new findings in pathophysiological mechanisms of the febrile process, the heat-loss mechanisms in an animal with fever, thermoregulation, the adverse effects of fever, and recent scientific findings related to different pathologies in farm animals through the use of IRT.

scholarly journals A Novel Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase 1 Inhibitor Potently Prevents Toxoplasma gondii Transmission to Foetuses in Mouse

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 4203
Author(s):  
Héloïse Débare ◽  
Nathalie Moiré ◽  
Firmin Baron ◽  
Louis Lantier ◽  
Bruno Héraut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Dependent Protein Kinase ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Dependent Protein ◽  
Calcium Dependent Protein Kinase

Treatments currently used to prevent congenital toxoplasmosis are non-specific of Toxoplasma gondii and have grievous side effects. To develop a more specific and less toxic drug, we have designed SP230, an imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine salt targeting the Toxoplasma gondii calcium-dependent protein kinase 1 (TgCDPK1) and active against acute toxoplasmosis in mice. Efficiency of SP230 to inhibit foetal transmission of the parasite was evaluated in a mouse model of congenital toxoplasmosis. Swiss mice were infected at mid-pregnancy with tachyzoites or cysts of the ME49 strain of T. gondii by intraperitoneal and oral route, respectively, and treated with SP230 at 50 mg/kg for 5 days by the same routes. Parasite burden in organs of dams and in foetuses was measured by quantitative PCR. Intraperitoneal administration of SP230 drastically reduced the number of parasites (more than 97% of reduction) in the brain and lungs of dams, and led to a reduction of 66% of parasite burden in foetuses. Oral administration of SP230 was particularly efficient with 97% of reduction of parasite burdens in foetuses. SP230 did not impact number and weight of offspring in our conditions. This inhibitor of TgCDPK1 is a promising candidate for the development of alternative therapeutics to treat infected pregnant women.

scholarly journals Global Distribution and Genetic Heterogeneity of Border Disease Virus

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 950
Author(s):  
Cecilia Righi ◽  
Stefano Petrini ◽  
Ilaria Pierini ◽  
Monica Giammarioli ◽  
Gian Mario De Mia
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Border Disease Virus ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Border Disease

Border disease virus (BDV) belongs to the genus Pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae. Interspecies transmission of BDV between sheep, cattle, and pigs occurs regularly, sometimes making diagnosis a challenge. BDV can yield substantial economic losses, including prenatal and postnatal infections in lambs, which are the primary source of infection and maintenance of the virus in the population. Since BDV is antigenically and genetically related to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), it might pose a significant risk to cattle, influencing BVDV eradication campaigns. Similarly, the presence of BDV in swine herds due to pestivirus spillover between small ruminants and pigs might cause uncertainty in classical swine fever virus (CSFV) diagnostics. Therefore, knowledge of BDV epidemiology in different geographical regions will help prevent its spread and optimize control measures. Previous epidemiological studies have shown that various BDV genotypes are predominant in different countries. This review provides an overview of the spread of BDV world-wide in different host species.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document