Molecular characterization and functional analysis of a glutathione peroxidase gene from Aphelenchoides besseyi (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bu-Yong Wang ◽  
Rong-Rong Wen ◽  
Ling Ma
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Immune Evasion ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
The World ◽  
Aphelenchoides Besseyi ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Abstract, the nematode agent of rice tip white disease, causes huge economic losses in almost all the rice-growing regions of the world. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), an esophageal glands secretion protein, plays important roles in the parasitism, immune evasion, reproduction and pathogenesis of many plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs). Therefore, GPx is a promising target for control

Distribution of plant parasitic nematodes in South Australian vineyards

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (81) ◽  
pp. 588 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Stirling
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Tylenchulus Semipenetrans ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Citrus Nematode ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Vineyards in all five of South Australia's grapegrowing districts were surveyed for plant parasitic nematodes. Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) occurrcd in four districts, and were present in almost all vineyards with sandy soil in the Riverland, Barossa Valley and Central districts. Four species (M. arenaria, M. hapla, M. incognita and M. javanica) were identified. Citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) was wide-spread in Riverland vineyards, and isolated infestations were found in other districts. Other plant parasitic nematode genera found during the survey were Helicotylenchus, Macroposthonia, Paratrichodorus, Paratylenchus, Prat ylenchus, Tylenchorh ynchus and Xiphinema.

scholarly journals Plant Parasitic Nematodes and their management in crop production: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-338
Author(s):  
Honey Raj Mandal ◽  
Shambhu Katel ◽  
Sudeep Subedi ◽  
Jiban Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
The World ◽  
The Many ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Plant Parasitic Nematodes are small worm like transparent, bilateral symmetry, pseudocoelomate, multicellular, free living or parasitic microorganism which are predatory, aquatic, terrestrial, entopathogenic, ectoparasite, endoparasite, semi-endoparasite or sedentary. They cause substantial problems to major crops throughout the world, including vegetables, fruits, and grain crops. The root knot and cyst nematodes are economically important pests in numerous crops. Crop damage from nematodes is not readily apparent in most cases, and it often remains hidden by the many other factors limiting plant growth. In the past, the control of the nematodes has been based on the synthetic nematicides, the number of which has been drastically restricted in the EU because of their environmental side effects and subsequent restriction in European Union (EU) rules and regulations. Many other methods like cultural control, biological control, use of biotechnological tools and methods, use of resistant cultivars are tested and proven successful in controlling different species of nematodes all over the world. Alternatively, combinations of the different methods are proven to be highly effective both economically and environmentally.

scholarly journals A computerised identification key for 30 genera of plant parasitic nematodes

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 287-290
Author(s):  
N.L. Bell
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
The World ◽  
The University ◽  
Plant Parasitic

A computerbased key for identifying plant parasitic nematodes of temperate agriculture in New Zealand and around the world is described It uses the Lucid software developed at the University of Queensland and includes images of major diagnostic features The key is multiaccess rather than dichotomous so may be entered at any point allowing for the most obvious characters of a specimen to be scored first and thereby immediately reduce the number of likely taxa Both qualitative and quantitative characters are used The key requires that the specimen can be viewed microscopically but examples of most morphological terms are illustrated so the nonspecialist should be able to make use of the key

scholarly journals Foliar Nematode Aphelenchoides spp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoididae)

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Wheeler ◽  
William Talmadge Crow
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Feeding ◽  
Plant Parasites ◽  
Aphelenchoides Besseyi ◽  
The Common ◽  
Aphelenchoides Fragariae ◽  
Foliar Nematode ◽  
Plant Parasitic ◽  
Aphelenchoides Ritzemabosi

There are nematodes of several genera that feed on plant stems and foliage, including Aphelenchoides, Bursaphelenchus, Anguina, Ditylenchus and Litylenchus. Herein, we apply the common name “foliar nematode” specifically to plant-feeding nematodes in the genus Aphelechoides, specifically Aphelenchoides besseyi, Aphelenchoides fragariae, and Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi. While most members of Aphelenchoides are fungivorous (feed on fungi), these three species have populations that are facultative plant-parasites that can feed on live plant tissue. Ten other species of Aphelenchoides also are recognized as facultative plant-parasites, but these are not as commonly encountered or as economically significant as the aforementioned species. Unlike most plant-parasitic nematodes, foliar nematodes can infest the aerial portions of plants rather than dwelling strictly in soil and plant roots. Damage from their feeding can reduce yield in food crops and ruin the appearance of ornamentals.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1279

scholarly journals Potentials of organic amendments in the control of plant parasitic nematodes

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Agbenin O
Keyword(s):  
Organic Amendment ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Control ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
The World ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Plant Parasitic

An increasing number of researchers worldwide are showing interest in organic amendment of soil as means of nematode control. Numerous plant species with nematicidal compounds have been identified. Neem (<I>Azadirachta indica) </I>is considered the best-known example of plants with nematicidal properties and is available commercially in some parts of the world. Its efficiency has been proven locally, with the seed powder giving good control in both field and screenhouse. Several materials are in use as organic amendment. However, the choice of materials for amendment will determine its efficiency in control. The use of organic amendments that are disease-free and with a narrow C:N ratio will improve soil fertility while more efficiently reducing the level of nematodes and minimising the risk of increasing the level of another soil borne pathogens and pest

scholarly journals Characterization and Functional Importance of Two Glycoside Hydrolase Family 16 Genes from the Rice White Tip Nematode Aphelenchoides besseyi

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 374
Author(s):  
Hui Feng ◽  
Dongmei Zhou ◽  
Paul Daly ◽  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Lihui Wei
Keyword(s):  
Glycoside Hydrolase ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolase Family ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Aphelenchoides Besseyi ◽  
Rice White Tip Nematode ◽  
Hydrolase Family ◽  
Plant Parasitic

The glycoside hydrolase family 16 (GH16) is widely found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and hydrolyzes the β-1,3(4)-linkages in polysaccharides. Notably, the rice white tip nematode Aphelenchoides besseyi harbors a higher number of GH16s compared with other plant-parasitic nematodes. In this work, two GH16 genes, namely AbGH16-1 and AbGH16-2, were isolated and characterized from A. besseyi. The deduced amino acid sequences of AbGH16-1 and AbGH16-2 contained an N-terminal signal peptide and a fungal Lam16A glucanase domain. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that AbGH16-1 and AbGH16-2 clustered with ascomycete GH16s, suggesting AbGH16-1 and AbGH16-2 were acquired by horizontal gene transfer from fungi. In situ hybridization showed that both AbGH16-1 and AbGH16-2 were specifically expressed in the nematode gonads, correlating with qPCR analysis that showed the high transcript levels of the two genes in the female nematodes. AbGH16-1 and AbGH16-2 were also significantly induced in nematodes feeding on Botrytis cinerea. Characterization of the recombinant protein showed AbGH16-1 and AbGH16-2 displayed pronounced inhibition of both conidial germination and germ tube elongation of B. cinerea. In addition, silencing of AbGH16-1 and AbGH16-2 by RNA interference significantly decreased the reproduction ability of A. besseyi and had a profound impact on the development process of offspring in this nematode. These findings have firstly proved that GH16s may play important roles in A.besseyi feeding and reproduction on fungi, which thus provides novel insights into the function of GH16s in plant-parasitic nematodes.

scholarly journals Diversity of plant-parasitic nematodes on medicinal plants in melinh station for biodiversity, Vinh Phuc Province, Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Huu Tien ◽  
Nguyen Thi Duyen ◽  
Le Duc Huy ◽  
Nobleza Neriza ◽  
Trinh Quang Phap
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
The World ◽  
Sustainable Cultivation ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Plant-parasitic nematodes are known as one of the most important pests attacking various plants in the world, and investigating the nematode component is very essential for management of this pest and prevent damage to plants in general. Our survey of plant-parasitic nematodes on medicinal plants in Melinh Station for Biodiversity, a place for conservation of precious plants and animals in Vietnam, identified ten species that belong to nine genera, five families, and two orders of plant-parasitic nematodes parasitizing six medicinal plants. Excoecaria cochinchinensis was parasitized by the highest number of nematode genera (5 genera, including Xiphinema, Discocriconemella, Meloidogyne, Helicotylenchus, and Hemicriconemoides), while Hymenocallis littoralis was associated with the highest number of plant-parasitic nematodes (2060 nematodes/250g soil). The results also showed that Discocriconemella limitanea was found to be a dominant species with the highest number of individuals on 6 medicinal plants, and the genus Helicotylenchus had the highest frequency of appearance (5/6 plants or 83.3%). These nematodes caused symptoms such as yellowing leaves, root galls, and root lesions, which directly affect the quality and yield of medicinal plants. Based on the results, this study showed that plant-parasitic nematodes are a potential threat to the cultivation of medicinal plants in Melinh Station for Biodiversity, and thus, control measures should be applied to ensure sustainable cultivation of medicinal plants in this place.

scholarly journals The ACE Genes in Aphelenchoides Besseyi Isolates and Their Expression Correlation to the Fenamiphos Treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Kai Hsu ◽  
Chia-Wei Weng ◽  
Jeremy J.W. Chen ◽  
Peichen J. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors ◽  
Ache Inhibitor ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Invertebrate Species ◽  
Great Yield ◽  
Aphelenchoides Besseyi ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Abstract Aphelenchoides besseyi could cause great yield loss on rice and many economically important crops. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors were commonly used to mitigate plant parasitic nematodes. However, increasing nematicide-resistance has been reported due to the extensive use of these chemicals. The correlation between the AChE-inhibitor (fenamiphos) sensitivities and acetylcholinesterase (ace) genes in two isolates of A. besseyi (designated Rl and HSF) was established. The LD50 of fenamiphos to Rl and HSF were 572.2 ppm and 129.4 ppm, respectively, indicating that two nematode isolates had different sensitivities to fenamiphos. Three ace genes were cloned and sequenced in A. besseyi, and their homology was supported by phylogenic analysis with AChEs protein sequences from various vertebrate and invertebrate species. Molecular docking showed that the affinities of each AChEs to fenamiphos were higher in HSF isolate, indicating that there should be point mutations in Rl isolate AChEs. Treating the two isolates with 100 ppm fenamiphos for 12 h, three ace genes of HSF isolate were down-regulated but were up-regulated in Rl isolate. The results suggest that fenamiphos can transcriptionally modulate the expression of ace genes, as well as the variants in AChEs and increased expression of ace genes might be associated with fenamiphos-insensitivity in Rl isolate.

scholarly journals Diversity of plant-parasitic nematodes on medicinal plants in melinh station for biodiversity, Vinh Phuc Province, Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Huu Tien ◽  
Nguyen Thi Duyen ◽  
Le Duc Huy ◽  
Nobleza Neriza ◽  
Trinh Quang Phap
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
The World ◽  
Sustainable Cultivation ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Plant-parasitic nematodes are known as one of the most important pests attacking various plants in the world, and investigating the nematode component is very essential for management of this pest and prevent damage to plants in general. Our survey of plant-parasitic nematodes on medicinal plants in Melinh Station for Biodiversity, a place for conservation of precious plants and animals in Vietnam, identified ten species that belong to nine genera, five families, and two orders of plant-parasitic nematodes parasitizing six medicinal plants. Excoecaria cochinchinensis was parasitized by the highest number of nematode genera (5 genera, including Xiphinema, Discocriconemella, Meloidogyne, Helicotylenchus, and Hemicriconemoides), while Hymenocallis littoralis was associated with the highest number of plant-parasitic nematodes (2060 nematodes/250g soil). The results also showed that Discocriconemella limitanea was found to be a dominant species with the highest number of individuals on 6 medicinal plants, and the genus Helicotylenchus had the highest frequency of appearance (5/6 plants or 83.3%). These nematodes caused symptoms such as yellowing leaves, root galls, and root lesions, which directly affect the quality and yield of medicinal plants. Based on the results, this study showed that plant-parasitic nematodes are a potential threat to the cultivation of medicinal plants in Melinh Station for Biodiversity, and thus, control measures should be applied to ensure sustainable cultivation of medicinal plants in this place.

Resistance genes against plant-parasitic nematodes: a durable control strategy?

Nematology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura J. Davies ◽  
Axel A. Elling
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Evolutionary Forces ◽  
Plant Nematode ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Plant-parasitic nematodes are a major pest of all agricultural systems, causing extensive economic losses. Natural resistance (R) genes offer an alternative to chemical control and have been shown effectively to limit nematode damage to crops in the field. Whilst a number of resistant cultivars have conferred resistance against root-knot and cyst nematodes for many decades, an increasing number of reports of resistance-breaking nematode pathotypes are beginning to emerge. The forces affecting the emergence of virulent nematodes are complex, multifactorial and involve both the host and parasite of the plant-nematode interaction. This review provides an overview of the root-knot and cyst nematodeRgenes characterised to date, in addition to examining the evolutionary forces influencing nematode populations and the emergence of virulence. Finally, potential strategies to improveRgene durability in the field are outlined, and areas that would benefit from further research efforts are highlighted.

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