scholarly journals Evaluation of the Performance of Health Extension Workers in HIV-1/2 Screening Tests: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mulatu Gashaw ◽  
Samuel Kindie ◽  
Minale Fekadie ◽  
Kassu Desta ◽  
Dawit Wolday
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Hiv Screening ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Health Extension Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Laboratory Personnel ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Kappa Agreement ◽  
Hiv 1

Background. Human resources for health-care delivery are essential for attaining global health and development goals. Especially in developing countries, health extension workers are frontline health personnel who can play a key role in preventing and controlling HIV/AIDS. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of health extension workers in HIV-1/2 screening tests. Methodology. A comparative cross-sectional study was carried out to evaluate the performance of health extension workers in HIV-1/2 screening tests. Study participants had performed HIV screening tests on the prepared sample panels. Finally, the percentage of accuracy, error rate, sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and measure of agreement (kappa) were calculated using SPSS version 26. Result. Totally, 1600 HIV screening tests were performed, and of these, 684 and 235 tests were done by HEWs (n = 15) and laboratory personnel (n = 5), respectively, with three discordant results by HEWs from a single sample panel which was weak reactive for HIV antibody test. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of HIV screening tests by HEWs were 97.4%, 100%, 100%, and 97.22%, respectively, and 100% for all parameters when it is tested by laboratory professionals. The measure of kappa agreement was 0.971 (95% CI, 0.932–1) for HEWs and 1 for laboratory personnel compared with the reference result. Conclusion. Based on this evidence, we conclude that the potential contribution of HEWs can be invaluable in the expansion of HIV screening tests nationwide to compensate the shortage of laboratory personnel.

scholarly journals Factors Influencing HIV Drug Resistance among Pregnant Women in Luanda, Angola: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Cruz S. Sebastião ◽  
Joana Morais ◽  
Miguel Brito
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Drug Resistance ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
High Educational

The increase in HIV infection and drug-resistant strains is an important public health concern, especially in resource-limited settings. However, the identification of factors related to the propagation of infectious diseases represents a crucial target offering an opportunity to reduce health care costs as well as deepening the focus on preventing infection in high-risk groups. In this study, we investigate the factors related to drug resistance among HIV-infected pregnant women in Luanda, the capital city of Angola. This was a part of a cross-sectional study conducted with 42 HIV-positive pregnant women. A blood sample was collected, and HIV-1 genotyping was carried out using an in-house method. Multivariate analyses were performed to determine the interaction between sociodemographic characteristics and drug resistance. HIV drug resistance was detected in 44.1% of the studied population. High probabilities of drug resistance were observed for HIV-infected pregnant women living in rural areas (AOR: 2.73; 95% CI: 0.50–14.9) with high educational level (AOR: 6.27; 95% CI: 0.77–51.2) and comorbidities (AOR: 5.47; 95% CI: 0.28–106) and infected with a HIV-1 non-B subtype other than subtype C (AOR: 1.60; 95% CI: 0.25–10.3). The present study reports high HIV drug resistance. Furthermore, older-age, rural areas, high educational levels, unemployed status, having comorbidities, and HIV-1 subtypes were factors related to drug resistance. These factors impact on drug susceptibility and need to be urgently addressed in order to promote health education campaigns able to prevent the spread of drug-resistant HIV strains in Angola.

scholarly journals Acceptance and utilization of HIV testing among the youth: a cross-sectional study in Techiman, Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-149
Author(s):  
Bernard YA Asare ◽  
Henrietta Y Yeboaa ◽  
Bismark Dwumfour-Asare
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Screening ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Awareness Campaign ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Prevention Of Hiv ◽  
Structured Questionnaire ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: In Ghana, efforts including ‘Know Your Status’ campaign have been made to increase awareness and improve the uptake of HIV screening. Objective: This study examined the acceptance and utilization of the HIV/AIDS ‘Know Your Status’ campaign and determine dthe differences in HIV testing by demographic characteristics among the youth in Techiman, Ghana. Method: This study was a cross-sectional study conducted among the youth aged 15-24 years. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 200 purposively selected respondents. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 19.6±2.72 years. There was a universal awareness (100%) of HIV/AIDs, and were knowledgeable about the mode of transmission, symptoms and the prevention of HIV. A high proportion of the respon- dents (n=161, 80.5%) had heard about the ‘Know Your Status’ (KYS) campaign. Less than half of respondents (n=91, 45.5%) had tested for HIV, and only 16.5% (n=15/91) of respondents tested through the KYS campaign. Testing for HIV was associ- ated with age (p<0.001) and marital status (p<0.001). Conclusion: The youth should therefore be targeted in the awareness and the ‘Know Your Status campaigns’, and in an effort- sto promote screening for HIV. Keywords: Awareness; campaign; knowledge; HIV/AIDS; know your status; screening.

High viremia and Poor Immunity are Potential Surrogates of Anti-toxoplasmic Immunoglobulin G Quantification among HIV-Infected Individuals: A Cross-sectional Study in Yaoundé, Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aude Christelle Ka'e ◽  
Samuel Martin Sosso ◽  
Joseph Fokam ◽  
Rachel Kamgaing Simo ◽  
Sara Riwom Essama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reference Centre ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Common Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Background: Toxoplasmosis remains a neglected common opportunistic infection in immunocompromised individuals, who are mainly people living with HIV (PLWHIV) in whom reactivation of toxoplasmosis may occur with advanced HIV conditions in resource-limited settings (RLS). Our objective was to evaluate the correlation between the anti-toxoplasmic IgG (Tg-IgG) concentration and the immuno-virological status of PLWHIV.Methods : A prospective and cross-sectional study was conducted among PLWHIV aged>18 years from February to November 2018 at the Chantal BIYA international Reference Centre. Blood samples were collected from eligible consenting PLWHIV; Tg-IgG level was assessed by quantitative ELISA, CD4-T lymphocytes counts were measured by flow cytometry and HIV-1 plasma viral load (PVL) measurement by real-time-PCR. Data were analysed using Excel and Graph Pad softwares; with p<0.05 considered statistically significant.Results : A total of 100 PLWHIV were enrolled: 56% seropositive for IgG anti- Toxoplasma gondii, 33% seronegative and 11% indeterminate results. According to viremia, 100% (19/19) of those with PVL>1000 copies/mL were seropositive to Tg-IgG versus 52.85% (37/70) of those with PVL<1000 copies/mL (median [IQR] IgG concentration 152.78 [139.24-444.43] versus 34.44 [13.04-36.47] IU/mL, respectively); p<0.0001. According to CD4, 100% (11/11) of those with T-CD4<200 cells/µL were seropositive to Tg-IgG versus 57.69% (45/78) of those with T-CD4>200 cells/µL (median IgG [IQR] 432.92 [145.06-450.47] versus 35.01 [15.01-38.01] IU/mL, respectively); p<0.0001. Interestingly, there were moderate-positive and strong-negative correlations respectively with HIV-1 PVL (r = 0.54; p<0.0001) and T-CD4 (r = -0.70; p<0.0001) as compared to Tg-IgG concentration. After adjusting for age, gender, immune status and PVL in logistic regression, only poor immune status (T-CD4<200 cells/µL) was independently associated to Tg-IgG seropositivity (p=0.0004).Conclusion : In a typical RLS like Cameroon, about half of PLWHIV might be seropositive to Tg-IgG. Of relevance, decreasing immunity appears with risk of increasing IgG anti- T gondii concentration, which suggests a relapse of toxoplasmosis. Thus, in the context of immunodeficiency, routine quantification of Tg-IgG would alleviate the programmatic burden of this opportunistic infection in RLS with generalized HIV epidemics.

scholarly journals Comparison of Novel, Bach Mai Boston Tool (BBT) and the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) for Oncology Inpatients

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 107327481986376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binh Pham Van ◽  
Linh Nguyen Thuy ◽  
Hoa Nguyen Thi Thanh ◽  
Anh Nguyen Le Tuan ◽  
Phuong Duong Thi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Subjective Global Assessment ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutrition Screening ◽  
Kappa Value ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Oncology inpatients are at high risk of malnutrition. Identification of at risk patients by nutrition screening requires a practical and easy to use tool. The aim of this study was to determine the validity of the Bach Mai Boston Tool (BBT) compared to a ‘gold standard’ full nutrition assessment using the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). A cross-sectional study was conducted on 270 oncology inpatients from January to December 2016. Cohen’s Kappa, sensitivity, specificity and ROC analyses were performed. 270 inpatients were included in this study with a mean age of 56.3 ± 12.1 years old. Of these patients, 51.8% were male, and 74.1% had gastrointestinal cancer. The mean body mass index of patients was 20.6 ± 3.0 kg/m2. The PG-SGA tool identified 146 (54.1%) malnourished patients, while the BBT identified 105 (39.9%) malnourished patients. The BBT had a medium consistency, with a Kappa value of 0.6. Using a cut-off point of ≥ 4, the BBT had a sensitivity of 87.7% and a specificity of 72.6%. On the other hand, a BBT with a cut-off point ≥ 5 resulted in a sensitivity of 67.1%, a specificity of 94.4%, and an AUC of 0.81. The BBT is a practical, informative and valid tool for detecting malnutrition in hospitalized oncology patients. We recommend using a cut-off point of 4 for screening the risk of malnutrition for oncology inpatients.

scholarly journals Association between lipodystrophy and length of exposure to ARTs in adult HIV-1 infected patients in Montreal

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Alikhani ◽  
Helene Morin ◽  
Stephanie Matte ◽  
Pouriya Alikhani ◽  
Cécile Tremblay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug ◽  
Trunk Limb ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of lipodystrophy and its association to cumulative exposure to antiretroviral drugs. Method We conducted a cross sectional study in all HIV- infected patients attending the HIV clinic in the Centre hospitalier universitaire de Montréal (CHUM) with DEXA scan. Lipodystrophy was defined as a trunk/limb fat ratio ≥ 1.5. Association between cumulative exposure to antiretroviral (measured in years of use) with trunk/limb fat ratio (coded as a continuous variable) was assessed using univariate and multivariate linear regression for each antiretroviral drug with at least 40 exposed patients. Results One hundred sixty-six patients were included. Seventy-five percent were male, median age was 56 years, 67% were Caucasian. Overall, prevalence of lipodystrophy was 47%, with a mean trunk/limb fat ratio of 1.87, SD = 1.03, min = 0.6 and max = 5.87. Each 10-year increase in age and HIV infection duration was associated with an average increase of 0.24 and 0.34 for the trunk/limb fat ratio respectively. (p = 0.003, p = 0.002, respectively) Patients classified as lipodystrophic were more likely to be diabetic (50 vs. 28%, p = 0.07) and to have dyslipidemia (47 vs. 19%, p = 0.01). According to viral load at DEXA test, each one log increase was associated with less probability (0.7) of lipodystrophy. (p = 0.01) Among ARV drugs tested, there was an association between years of use of d4T, ritonavir and raltegravir and higher trunk/limb fat ratio (indicating more lipodystrophy) (p < 0.05). Conclusion Lipodystrophy is very common in HIV infected patients and is correlated with duration of some new antiretroviral drugs.

scholarly journals First-line antiretroviral therapy and dyslipidemia in people living with HIV-1 in Cameroon: a cross-sectional study

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Pefura Yone ◽  
Awa Betyoumin ◽  
André Kengne ◽  
François Kaze Folefack ◽  
Jeanne Ngogang
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
First Line ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

HIV-1 impact on oral health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional study

AIDS Care ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Rúben Teófilo Vasconcelos Moreira Rocha Trindade ◽  
Joana Rita Oliveira Faria Marques ◽  
Marcos Alberto Gil da Veiga ◽  
Duarte Nuno da Silva Marques ◽  
António Duarte Sola Pereira da Mata
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals HIV-1 viraemia and drug resistance amongst female sex workers in Soweto, South Africa: A cross sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. e0188606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Coetzee ◽  
Gillian Hunt ◽  
Maya Jaffer ◽  
Kennedy Otwombe ◽  
Lesley Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Hiv 1
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document