scholarly journals Gaps in Study Design for Immune Parameter Research for Latent Tuberculosis Infection: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Mariana Herrera ◽  
Cristian Vera ◽  
Yoav Keynan ◽  
Zulma Vanessa Rueda
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
And Biological Markers ◽  
Booster Effect

Background. Immune parameters (IP) have been extensively studied to distinguish between latent tuberculosis (LTBI) and active tuberculosis (TB). Objective. To determine the IP associated with LTBI, compared to active TB and individuals not infected by M. tuberculosis published in literature. Methods. We conducted a systematic search using Google Scholar and PubMed databases, combining the MeSH terms latent tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, cytokines, and biological markers, with the free terms, biomarkers and cytokines. Spanish, English, and Portuguese articles comparing the concentration of IP associated with LTBI, either in plasma/serum or in vitro, in adults and nonimmunocompromised versus individuals with TB or without M. tuberculosis infection between 2006 July and 2018 July were included. Two blinded reviewers carried out the searches, read the abstracts, and selected the articles for analysis. Participants’ information, diagnostic criteria, IP, detection methods, and biases were collected. Results. We analyzed 36 articles (of 637 abstracts) with 93 different biomarkers in different samples. We found 24 parameters that were increased only in active TB (TGF-α, CSF3, CSF2, CCL1 [I-309], IL-7, TGF-β1, CCL3 [MIP-1α], sIL-2R, TNF-β, CCL7 [MCP-3], IFN-α, fractalkine, I-TAG, CCL8 [MCP-2], CCL21 [6Ckine], PDGF, IL-22, VEGF-A, LXA4, PGE2, PGF2α, sCD163, sCD14, and 15-Epi-LXA4), five were elevated in LTBI (IL-5, IL-17F, IL-1, CCL20 [MIP-3α], and ICAM-1), and two substances were increased among uninfected individuals (IL-23 and basic FGF). We found high heterogeneity between studies including failure to account for the time/illness of the individuals studied; varied samples and protocols; different clinical classification of TB; different laboratory methods for IP detection, which in turn leads to variable units of measurement and assay sensitivities; and selection bias regarding TST and booster effect. None of the studies adjusted the analysis for the effect of ethnicity. Conclusions. It is mandatory to harmonize the study of immune parameters for LTBI diagnosis. This systematic review is registered with PROSPERO CRD42017073289.

Zirconia Biocompatibility in Animal Studies - A Systematic Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 376 ◽  
pp. 12-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanda Mihaela Popescu ◽  
Horia Octavian Manolea ◽  
Oana Andreea Diaconu ◽  
Veronica Mercuţ ◽  
Monica Scrieciu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Powder Injection ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Abstract Screening

Zirconia is a metal used in dental implantology. Its biocompatibility was studied in vitro and in vivo, results of the studies being analyzed in reviews and meta analyses. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate biocompatibility of zirconia in animal studies in vivo expressed as results of histomorphometric tests. Databases were searched from 1980 until February 2016, with different combination of the following MeSH terms: zirconium, biocompatibility, dental implants, in vivo, animal studies. Letters to the editors, case reports, commentaries, review articles and articles published in other languages then English were excluded. The search of PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar databases yielded 690 titles. After abstract screening and duplicate discarding 50 articles were identified and finally, 40 were included in the review. Most of the studies compared zirconia with titanium, a well established material for dental implants. In majority of the studies zirconia showed a similar osseointegration with titanium. Surface implant treatments, like sandblasted and etched zirconia (ZrO2-SLA), alumina toughed zirconia (ATZ), and powder injection molding (PIM) were used to improve osseointegration of zirconia with good results. In the light of histomorphometric test, zirconia, no matter physical and structural forms tested, is a biocompatible material.

scholarly journals Current Advances in the Development of Diagnostic Tests Based on Aptamers in Parasitology: A Systematic Review

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1046
Author(s):  
Juan David Ospina-Villa ◽  
Alondra Cisneros-Sarabia ◽  
Miryan Margot Sánchez-Jiménez ◽  
Laurence A. Marchat
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Rna Sequences ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity ◽  
Meta Analyses

Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA sequences of 20–80 nucleotides that interact with different targets such as: proteins, ions, viruses, or toxins, through non-covalent interactions and their unique three-dimensional conformation. They are obtained in vitro by the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). Because of their ability of target recognition with high specificity and affinity, aptamers are usually compared to antibodies. However, they present many advantages that make them promising molecules for the development of new methods for the diagnosis and treatment of human diseases. In medical parasitology, aptamers also represent an attractive alternative for the implementation of new parasite detection methods, easy to apply in endemic regions. The aim of this study was to describe the current advances in the development of diagnostic tests based on aptamers in parasitology. For this, articles were selected following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The 26 resulting articles deal with the use of aptamers for the detection of six important protozoa that affect human health. This systematic review clearly demonstrates the specificity, sensitivity and selectivity of aptamers and aptasensors, that certainly will soon become standard methods in medical parasitology.

scholarly journals Antitumor Effects of Carvacrol and Thymol: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laeza Alves Sampaio ◽  
Lícia Tairiny Santos Pina ◽  
Mairim Russo Serafini ◽  
Débora dos Santos Tavares ◽  
Adriana Gibara Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Background: It is estimated that one in five people worldwide faces a diagnosis of a malignant neoplasm during their lifetime. Carvacrol and its isomer, thymol, are natural compounds that act against several diseases, including cancer. Thus, this systematic review aimed to examine and synthesize the knowledge on the antitumor effects of carvacrol and thymol.Methods: A systematic literature search was carried out in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Lilacs databases in April 2020 (updated in March 2021) based on the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The following combination of health descriptors, MeSH terms and their synonyms were used: carvacrol, thymol, antitumor, antineoplastic, anticancer, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, cell proliferation, in vitro and in vivo. To assess the risk of bias in in vivo studies, the SYRCLE Risk of Bias tool was used, and for in vitro studies, a modified version was used.Results: A total of 1,170 records were identified, with 77 meeting the established criteria. The studies were published between 2003 and 2021, with 69 being in vitro and 10 in vivo. Forty-three used carvacrol, 19 thymol, and 15 studies tested both monoterpenes. It was attested that carvacrol and thymol induced apoptosis, cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest, antimetastatic activity, and also displayed different antiproliferative effects and inhibition of signaling pathways (MAPKs and PI3K/AKT/mTOR).Conclusions: Carvacrol and thymol exhibited antitumor and antiproliferative activity through several signaling pathways. In vitro, carvacrol appears to be more potent than thymol. However, further in vivo studies with robust methodology are required to define a standard and safe dose, determine their toxic or side effects, and clarify its exact mechanisms of action.This systematic review was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42020176736) and the protocol is available at https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=176736.

Characteristics of the Frequency-Following Response to Speech in Neonates and Potential Applicability in Clinical Practice: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1618-1635
Author(s):  
Céline Richard ◽  
Mary Lauren Neel ◽  
Arnaud Jeanvoine ◽  
Sharon Mc Connell ◽  
Alison Gehred ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Frequency Following Response ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Clinical Potential

Purpose We sought to critically analyze and evaluate published evidence regarding feasibility and clinical potential for predicting neurodevelopmental outcomes of the frequency-following responses (FFRs) to speech recordings in neonates (birth to 28 days). Method A systematic search of MeSH terms in the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied HealthLiterature, Embase, Google Scholar, Ovid Medline (R) and E-Pub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Daily, Web of Science, SCOPUS, COCHRANE Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov was performed. Manual review of all items identified in the search was performed by two independent reviewers. Articles were evaluated based on the level of methodological quality and evidence according to the RTI item bank. Results Seven articles met inclusion criteria. None of the included studies reported neurodevelopmental outcomes past 3 months of age. Quality of the evidence ranged from moderate to high. Protocol variations were frequent. Conclusions Based on this systematic review, the FFR to speech can capture both temporal and spectral acoustic features in neonates. It can accurately be recorded in a fast and easy manner at the infant's bedside. However, at this time, further studies are needed to identify and validate which FFR features could be incorporated as an addition to standard evaluation of infant sound processing evaluation in subcortico-cortical networks. This review identifies the need for further research focused on identifying specific features of the neonatal FFRs, those with predictive value for early childhood outcomes to help guide targeted early speech and hearing interventions.

Immune parameters and level of cortisol in patients with opiate addiction during withdrawal syndrome

2017 ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Т.П. Ветлугина ◽  
Е.В. Матафонова ◽  
Н.А. Бохан ◽  
В.Б. Никитина ◽  
А.И. Мандель ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Physical Dependence ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Opiate Withdrawal ◽  
Opiate Addiction ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Opiate Withdrawal Syndrome

Цель исследования: изучение динамики показателей иммунитета и уровня кортизола у больных опийной наркоманией в процессе терапии синдрома отмены. Методика. В исследование включено 136 больных опийной наркоманией (инъекции экстракта опия) с сформировавшейся физической зависимостью. Пациенты получали в стационаре стандартную терапию с полной отменой наркотика. Исследование проводилось на следующих этапах: при поступлении в стационар (опийный абстинентный синдром - ОАС); на 5-7-е сут. терапии (переход в постабстинентное состояние - ПАС); на 25-28-е сут. лечения (становление терапевтической ремиссии - СТР). Лабораторные методы включали определение количества лимфоцитов с рецепторами CD3, CD4, CD8, СD16, с рецепторами к дофамину (D-RFC); содержание иммуноглобулинов М, G, А, уровня кортизола и циркулирующих иммунных комплексов (ЦИК) в сыворотке крови. Результаты. Основной иммуноэндокринный паттерн на всех этапах терапии синдрома отмены характеризуется дефицитом субпопуляций Т-лимфоцитов CD3, CD4, СD8; увеличением числа лимфоцитов с рецепторами к дофамину (D-RFC); активацией гуморальных факторов иммунитета (IgM, IgG, ЦИК); высокой концентрацией кортизола. На этапе ОАС и ПАС эти изменения были наиболее выражены; на 25-28-е сут. лечения отмечена позитивная динамика Т-лимфоцитов СD3 и цитотоксических Т-лимфоцитов (СD8); хелперы/индукторы CD4 оставались устойчиво сниженными; D-RFC лимфоциты, параметры гуморального иммунитета и концентрация кортизола - повышенными. Длительный срок наркотизации при употреблении высоких доз наркотика связан с большей выраженностью нарушений. Заключение. Установленная дизрегуляция параметров иммуноэндокринной системы у больных опийной наркоманией на всех этапах терапии синдрома отмены в наблюдаемые сроки (25-28 сут.) свидетельствует о неустойчивости достигнутой терапевтической ремиссии и необходимости проведения дальнейших реабилитационных мероприятий. The purpose: investigate changes in immunity parameters and cortisol level in subjects with opiate addiction during the treatment of opiate withdrawal syndrome. Methods. The study enrolled 136 subjects with opiate addiction with physical dependence receiving injections of opium extract. Patients received conventional therapy with complete opiate withdrawal. The study was performed at the following stages: at admission to the hospital (acute withdrawal syndrome (AWS); on days 5-7 of therapy (transition into post-withdrawal state - PWS); on days 25-28 of therapy (formation of therapeutic remission - FTR). Laboratory methods included determination count of lymphocytes with receptors CD3, CD4, CD8, СD16, with receptors to dopamine (D-RFC); the serum levels of IgМ, IgG, IgА, cortisol, circulating immune complexes (CIC). Results. The principal immunoendocrine pattern for all stages of withdrawal syndrome therapy is characterized in comparison to the reference normal values quantitative deficit of CD3, CD4, СD8 Т-lymphocyte subpopulations, increased count of lymphocytes with receptors to dopamine, activation of humoral immunity factors (IgM, IgG, CIC), high cortisol level. At AWS and PAS stages such changes are most pronounced; on days 25-28 of therapy positive changes in cytotoxic Т-lymphocytes (СD8) and Т-lymphocytes СD3 was revealed. CD4 count remained steadily reduced, count of lymphocytes with receptors to dopamine and cortisol level were elevated. Clinical and immunological analysis demonstrated that consumption of high opiate doses, long-term narcotization are associated with higher intensity of disorders detected. Conclusion. Dysregulation of immunoendocrine parameters was revealed in subjects with opiate addiction at all stages of withdrawal syndrome therapy within the term observed evidencing instability of therapeutic remission achieved and necessity in further rehabilitation events.

Association between Vitamins and Minerals with Antioxidant Effects and Coronary Artery Calcification in Adults and Older Adults: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 2474-2479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisson Diego Machado ◽  
Gustavo Rosa Gentil Andrade ◽  
Jéssica Levy ◽  
Sara Silva Ferreira ◽  
Dirce Maria Marchioni
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Artery Calcification ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Coronary Events ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Background: Coronary Artery Calcification (CAC) is considered an important cardiovascular risk factor. There is evidence that CAC is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis, coronary events and cardiovascular mortality. Inflammation is one of the factors associated with CAC and despite the interest in antioxidant compounds that can prevent CAC, its association with antioxidants remains unclear. Objective: This study aimed to systematically review the association between vitamins and minerals with antioxidant effects and CAC in adults and older adults. Methods: We conducted a systematic review using PubMed for articles published until October 2018. We included studies conducted in subjects aged 18 years and older with no previous cardiovascular disease. Studies involving animal or in vitro experiments and the ones that did not use reference methods to assess the CAC, dietary intake or serum levels of vitamin or mineral were excluded. Results: The search yielded 390 articles. After removal of duplicates, articles not related to the review, review articles, editorials, hypothesis articles and application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 9 articles remained. The results of the studies included in this systematic review suggest that magnesium is inversely associated with CAC and results on the association between CAC and vitamin E have been conflicting. Conclusion: Additional prospective studies are needed to elucidate the role of these micronutrients on CAC.

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