scholarly journals Effects of Ethanol Blending on the Formation of Soot in n-Heptane/Air Coflow Diffusion Flame

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuchen Ya ◽  
Xiaokang Nie ◽  
Licheng Peng ◽  
Longkai Xiang ◽  
Jialong Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Diffusion Flame ◽  
Soot Particle ◽  
Primary Particle ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Primary Particle Size ◽  
Flame Height ◽  
High Position ◽  
Carbon Mass ◽  
Coflow Diffusion Flame

Laminar diffusion flame was used to study the effect of ethanol on n-heptane flame in terms of the morphology and microstructure of soot under atomization combustion. For the same carbon mass flux at the outlet of the burner, the ratio of ethanol doping in n-heptane was changed, and the soot was collected from the axial positions of the flame at different heights using the thermophoresis probe method. The results showed that the flame height increased significantly with the increasing ratio of ethanol doping. When the ratio of ethanol and n-heptane (CE/CN) was 1.5, the flame height increased by 10 mm compared with that of pure n-heptane flame. Besides, the temperature in the center of the flame decreased with the increasing ratio of ethanol doping, but the temperature in the low position was higher than that in the pure n-heptane flame, and the temperature in the high position was lower than that in the pure n-heptane flame. However, the flame temperature was the highest when the proportion of ethanol in the mixture was greater than that of n-heptane. The temperature at the flame center decreased with the increasing ratio of ethanol doping, while the temperature at the flame edge increased with the ratio. The primary particle size of soot (soot size hereafter) in all working conditions increased with the increase of flame height, which was in line with the general growth law of soot. Moreover, the soot size at the same height decreased with the increasing ratio of ethanol doping, and this trend was most obvious at the flame height of 20 mm and 30 mm. Compared with pure n-heptane, when CE/CN was 1.5, the soot size at 20 mm and 30 mm decreased by an average of 34.83%, indicating that ethanol could inhibit the surface growth of soot particle. Furthermore, the density of soot particles collected by a single copper net decreased significantly, indicating that ethanol could reduce the production amount of soot.

Numerical Simulation of Non-Premixed Diffusion Flame and Reaction Product Aerosol Behavior in Liquid Metal Pool Combustion

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Yamaguchi ◽  
Yuji Tajima
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Diffusion Flame ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Flame Height ◽  
Liquid Sodium ◽  
Negative Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Combustion Experiment ◽  
Work Interaction

A numerical methodology has been developed to solve a non-premixed diffusion flame under natural convection and applied to the calculation of the liquid sodium pool combustion experiment at various pool temperatures and oxygen concentrations. The computations reproduce the experimental observations concerning burning rate, flame temperature and flame height, consistently. The aerosol release rates are also in good agreement with the measurement. Dominant mechanisms of the mass and heat transfer are identified through the numerical simulation. An intrinsic feature is that the liquid sodium pool combustion is self-limited and negative feedback mechanism is at work Interaction among the thermal-hydraulics, chemical reaction and aerosol behavior plays an important role in the phenomena and it has been successfully analyzed by the numerical simulation. The present method can be used to understand sodium combustion phenomena and applied to the modeling of sodium pool combustion for safety analyses of liquid metal fast reactors. The numerical simulation is a useful tool because it can easily employ various conditions by changing parameters.

Soot primary particle sizing in a n-heptane doped methane/air laminar coflow diffusion flame by planar two-color TiRe-LII and TEM image analysis

Fuel ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 117030 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Patiño ◽  
J.J. Cruz ◽  
I. Verdugo ◽  
J. Morán ◽  
J.L. Consalvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Diffusion Flame ◽  
Primary Particle ◽  
Particle Sizing ◽  
Coflow Diffusion Flame

scholarly journals One Dimensional Modeling of Jet Diffusion Flame

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angan Sengupta ◽  
A.K. Gupta ◽  
I.M. Mishra ◽  
S. Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Flame ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Flame Height ◽  
Mixing Efficiency ◽  
Entrainment Rate ◽  
Flame Velocity ◽  
Runge Kutta Method ◽  
Efficiency Parameter ◽  
Entrained Air ◽  
Constant Slope

This paper reports on the determination of the flame height of a flare system using theoretical approach based on the laws of conservation of mass, momentum and energy. The set of ordinary differential equations at steady state conditions are solved numerically by fourth order Runge–Kutta method. The extent of reaction between the fuel and the entrained air has been studied by introducing the reaction mixing efficiency parameter, as the reaction rate is fixed by local entrainment rate. The reaction mixing efficiency parameter is a key measure to determine the height of the flame and its variation with the source velocity is limited by the flame width and the maximum vertical flame velocity at the tip of the flaming region. The variation of different parameters as vertical flame velocity, flame geometry and flame temperature with flame height are shown in plots. It is found that the flame geometry undergoes an initial necking up to a certain height, followed by an increase in its spread thereafter. The flame geometry and the flame dynamics depend exclusively on the burner design and the stack exit velocity. The flame height to burner diameter ratio of the jet diffusion flame is found to vary linearly with Froude number with a constant slope in the logarithmic plot.

scholarly journals Influence of a Standing Wave Flow-Field on the Dynamics of a Spray Diffusion Flame

Fluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
J. Barry Greenberg ◽  
David Katoshevski
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Standing Wave ◽  
Diffusion Flame ◽  
Stokes Number ◽  
Flame Height ◽  
Wave Flow ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Governing Equations ◽  
First Time

A theoretical investigation of the influence of a standing wave flow-field on the dynamics of a laminar two-dimensional spray diffusion flame is presented for the first time. The mathematical analysis permits mild slip between the droplets and their host surroundings. For the liquid phase, the use of a small Stokes number as the perturbation parameater enables a solution of the governing equations to be developed. Influence of the standing wave flow-field on droplet grouping is described by a specially constructed modification of the vaporization Damkohler number. Instantaneous flame front shapes are found via a solution for the usual Schwab–Zeldovitch parameter. Numerical results obtained from the analytical solution uncover the strong bearing that droplet grouping, induced by the standing wave flow-field, can have on flame height, shape, and type (over- or under-ventilated) and on the existence of multiple flame fronts.

scholarly journals Rat pulmonary responses to inhaled nano-TiO2: effect of primary particle size and agglomeration state

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Noël ◽  
Michel Charbonneau ◽  
Yves Cloutier ◽  
Robert Tardif ◽  
Ginette Truchon
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Primary Particle ◽  
Primary Particle Size ◽  
Nano Tio2 ◽  
Agglomeration State

Computational and experimental study of a forced, time-dependent, methane–air coflow diffusion flame

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 971-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.B. Dworkin ◽  
B.C. Connelly ◽  
A.M. Schaffer ◽  
B.A.V. Bennett ◽  
M.B. Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Diffusion Flame ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Coflow Diffusion Flame
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