scholarly journals Comparison of Dilution on Eastern Box Turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina) and Marine Toad (Rhinella marinus) Blood Parameters as Measured on a Portable Chemistry Analyzer

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
John A. Griffioen ◽  
Devorah M. Stowe ◽  
Macy Trosclair ◽  
Larry J. Minter ◽  
Chelsey Vanetten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Volume ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Ionized Calcium ◽  
Dilution Ratio ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Terrapene Carolina ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Terrapene Carolina Carolina ◽  
Sample Dilution

Biochemical testing is an important clinical tool in evaluating the physiology of reptiles and amphibians. Suitable point of care analyzers can allow for rapid delivery of results, but small patient size can inhibit sufficient sample collection. This study evaluated the utility of sample dilution with sterile distilled water as a means of biochemical evaluation when sample volume is limited. Blood was collected from 12 eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) and 12 marine toads (Rhinella marinus) and analyzed via i-STAT CHEM8+ cartridges. Two undiluted samples and two samples diluted 1 : 1 with sterile water were evaluated immediately following collection for each animal in the study. Analytes reported in the diluted samples were limited to glucose, ionized calcium, and total carbon dioxide. The expected dilution ratio value of diluted to undiluted samples was 0.5, of which glucose in both turtles and toads was nearest. Dilution ratio values for ionized calcium, however, were higher than expected in both turtles and toads. Sample dilution is not recommended for most analytes included on the CHEM8+ cartridge due to values occurring outside the limits of detection for the analyzer. Glucose and ionized calcium values obtained on diluted samples should be interpreted with caution but may provide clinical utility in reptile and amphibian patients where sample volume is limited.

DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF ONE SAMPLE OR TWO SAMPLES QUANTITATIVE FECAL IMMUNOCHEMICAL TESTS FOR INTESTINAL NEOPLASIA DETECTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-322
Author(s):  
Rejane MATTAR ◽  
Sergio Barbosa MARQUES ◽  
Maurício Kazuyoshi MINATA ◽  
Joyce Matie Kinoshita da SILVA-ETTO ◽  
Paulo SAKAI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Negative Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Occult Blood ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Advanced Adenoma ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Likelihood Ratios ◽  
Intestinal Neoplasia ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Eiken Chemical

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Rectal bleeding is the most important symptom of intestinal neoplasia; thus, tests of occult blood detection in stools are widely used for pre neoplastic lesions and colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the accuracy of OC-Sensor quantitative test (Eiken Chemical, Tokyo, Japan) at cut-off 10 µg Hb/g feces (50 ng/mL) in a cohort of subjects that had to undergo diagnostic colonoscopy, and if more than one sample collected in consecutive days would improve the diagnostic accuracy of the test. METHODS: Patients (mean age 56.3±9.7 years) that underwent colonoscopy prospectively randomly received one (1-sample FIT, FIT 1) or two (2-sample FIT, FIT 2) collection tubes. They collected the stool sample before starting colonoscopy preparation. Samples were analyzed by the OC-Auto Micro 80 (Eiken Chemical, Tokyo, Japan). The performance of FIT 1 and FIT 2 were compared to the colonoscopy findings. RESULTS: Among 289 patients, CRC was diagnosed in 14 (4.8%), advanced adenoma in 37 (12.8%), early adenoma in 71 (24.6%) and no abnormalities in 141 (48.8%). For FIT 1, the sensitivity for CRC was 83.3% (95%CI 36.5-99.1%), for advanced adenoma was 24% (95%CI 10.1-45.5%), with specificity of 86.9% (95%CI 77.3-92.9%). For FIT 2, the sensitivity for CRC was 75% (95%CI 35.6-95.5%), for advanced adenoma was 50% (95%CI 22.3-77.7%), with specificity of 92.9% (95%CI 82.2-97.7%). The positive likelihood ratios were 1.8 (95%CI 0.7-4.4 for FIT 1) and 7.1 (95%CI 2.4-21.4 for FIT 2) for advanced adenoma, and 6.4 (95%CI 3.3-12.3, for FIT 1) and 10.7 (95%CI 3.8-29.8, for FIT 2) for CRC. The negative likelihood ratio were 0.9 (95%CI 0.7-1, for FIT 1) and 0.5 (95%CI 0.3-0.9, for FIT 2) for advanced adenoma, and 0.2 (0.03-1.1, for FIT 1) and 0.3 (0.08-0.9, for FIT 2) for CRC. The differences between FIT 1 and FIT 2 performances were not significant. However, the comparison of the levels of hemoglobin in feces of patients of FIT 1 and FIT 2 showed that the differences between no polyp group and advanced adenoma and CRC were significant. CONCLUSION: The accuracy of OCR Sensor with 10 µg Hb/g feces cut-off was comparable to other reports and two-sample collection improved the detection rate of advanced adenoma, a pre neoplastic condition to prevent CRC incidence.

scholarly journals Data preprocessing workflow for exhaled breath analysis by GC/MS using open sources

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Alba Sola Martínez ◽  
José María Pastor Hernández ◽  
Gema Lozano Terol ◽  
Julia Gallego-Jara ◽  
Luis García-Marcos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Data Preprocessing ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Current State ◽  
Exhaled Breath Analysis ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Volatile Organic

AbstractThe noninvasive diagnosis and monitoring of high prevalence diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers and chronic respiratory diseases are currently priority objectives in the area of health. In this regard, the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has been identified as a potential noninvasive tool for the diagnosis and surveillance of several diseases. Despite the advantages of this strategy, it is not yet a routine clinical tool. The lack of reproducible protocols for each step of the biomarker discovery phase is an obstacle of the current state. Specifically, this issue is present at the data preprocessing step. Thus, an open source workflow for preprocessing the data obtained by the analysis of exhaled breath samples using gas chromatography coupled with single quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is presented in this paper. This workflow is based on the connection of two approaches to transform raw data into a useful matrix for statistical analysis. Moreover, this workflow includes matching compounds from breath samples with a spectral library. Three free packages (xcms, cliqueMS and eRah) written in the language R are used for this purpose. Furthermore, this paper presents a suitable protocol for exhaled breath sample collection from infants under 2 years of age for GC/MS.

Identification of a novel herpesvirus in captive Eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina)

2015 ◽  
Vol 175 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 218-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R. Sim ◽  
Terry M. Norton ◽  
Ellen Bronson ◽  
Matthew C. Allender ◽  
Nancy Stedman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Terrapene Carolina ◽  
Box Turtles ◽  
Eastern Box Turtles ◽  
Terrapene Carolina Carolina

Factors affecting the reliability of the McMaster technique

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Dunn ◽  
Anne Keymer
Keyword(s):  
Salt Solution ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Dilution Ratio ◽  
Laboratory Procedure ◽  
Heligmosomoides Polygyrus ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Faecal Material ◽  
Mcmaster Technique ◽  
Sample Dilution ◽  
Normal Laboratory

ABSTRACTFactors detraction from the reliability of faecal egg counts based on the McMaster technique include variation in flotation time (interval between loading chamber and counting eggs) and sample dilution (ratio of faecal material to salt solution). We recommend standardization of both these variables as normal laboratory procedure, and propose optima of a 30 minute flotation time and a sample dilution of 15 ml salt solution/ g faeces for use of the McMaster technique in the estimation of the fecundity of Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematoda).

SAMPLING OF ODOUROUS AIR FOR OLFACTOMETRIC MEASUREMENT J. HARTUNG Institute for Animal Hygiene of the Hannover School of Veterinary Medicine, Blinteweg 17 p , 3000 Hannover 71, FRG Summary Both static and dynamic sampling procedures are used for olfactometric measurements. Care must be taken inorder to obtain a representative sample and to minimize sample losses due to condensation, adsorption and permeation, when using static sampling methods, particularly. Teflon or Tedlar bags and inert tubing materials help to diminish adsorption and desorption problems. Condensation can be avoided by heating the sampling tubes or by prediluting the sample with pure, odour-free air. Within the EEC guide lines exist for odour measurement in The Netherlands, France, Germany and the United Kingdom. The usefulness of dynamic sampling is agreed on. The opinions differ as far as static sampling is concerned. It seems that both sam­ pling methods can be applied successfully for olfactomet-ric measurements. However, it is necessary to define the details of the procedures aiming at a standardization of sampling which might be the first step for a harmoni­ zation of olfactometric measurements in the laboratories of the different countries. 1 . INTRODUCTION The method of measuring odour sensorily in general can be devided into the following basic steps (1): - sample collection - sample dilution and presentation - indication of response - interpretation of response Due to the fact that many different testing procedures exist in the different laboratories, results can only be com­ pared when knowing exactly - the conditions and procedures for sampling of the air to be i nvesti gated, - the design and function of the olfactonnetric apparatus, and - the physiological and physical status of the panel. The olfactometric apparatus and the panel are in close connection with each other as shown in Table I whereas the sam­ pling procedure is more or less apart from the apparatus and the panel and affects the olfactometric inlet, only. However, sample collection is the first step and can influence the re­ sults considerably; thus, valid sampling is the base for valid

1986 ◽  
pp. 58-58
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Sampling Procedures ◽  
And Function ◽  
Dynamic Sampling ◽  
Guide Lines ◽  
Sample Dilution

scholarly journals RESURRECTED RECORDS

2016 ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Bradley E. Carlson ◽  
William S. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Chrysemys Picta ◽  
Montgomery County ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Terrapene Carolina ◽  
Reptile Species ◽  
Apalone Spinifera ◽  
Sternotherus Odoratus ◽  
Terrapene Carolina Carolina ◽  
First Time ◽  
Species Occurrences

Current and historic records of species occurrences in particular localities enable researchers to monitor changes in species distribution and abundance. While current fauna can be documented with sufficient effort, missing historical records represent data that can never again be obtained. It is with this importance in mind that we report for the first time records of eight reptile species in Montgomery County, Indiana, USA, that were documented in 1964, though no vouchered specimens persist. These species include: Sternotherus odoratus, Terrapene carolina carolina, Chrysemys picta marginata, Apalone spinifera spinifera, Thamnophis sauritus sauritus, Storeria dekayi wrightorum, Lampropeltis calligaster, Lampropeltis triangulum. We also provide a list of the 23 currently documented reptile species that occur (or have occurred recently) in Montgomery County.

PREVALENCE OF INTRAERYTHROCYTIC PARASITES IN MAROCHELYS TEMMINCKII, EMYDOIDEA BLANDINGII, TERRAPENE CAROLINA CAROLINA, AND TERRAPENE ORNATA ORNATA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Doke ◽  
Kara Hiebert ◽  
Melanie Repella ◽  
Megan Stuart ◽  
Lauren Mumm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Classes ◽  
Emydoidea Blandingii ◽  
Terrapene Carolina ◽  
Terrapene Ornata ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Box Turtles ◽  
Eastern Box Turtles ◽  
Specific Species ◽  
Terrapene Carolina Carolina ◽  
Free Ranging

Few studies have characterized the prevalence of intraerythrocytic parasites in free-ranging chelonian populations or their occurrence across habitats. It is hypothesized that chelonians in different habitats have different exposures to vectors and thus, differences in hemoparasite presence. This study explored the prevalence and intensity of intraerythrocytic parasites by examining blood smears from four species of Illinois turtles: wild Blanding’s turtles (Emydoidea blandingii), eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) (EBT), and ornate box turtles (Terrapene ornata ornata) (OBT) and headstarted alligator snapping turtles (Macrochelys temminckii) (AST). Intraerythrocytic parasites were identified in all examined species except for the alligator snapping turtle. For all age classes, Blanding’s turtles had both the highest prevalence of hemoparasites and intensity of infection of all sampled species, while adult Blanding’s turtles had a significantly higher prevalence than juveniles (P<0.05). As this is the first study of hemoparasites in Illinois chelonians, further research is needed to identify the specific species of intraerythrocytic parasite, the potential vectors, and the effect these hemoparasites have on the health of chelonians.

scholarly journals Inter-comparison of elemental and organic carbon mass measurements from three North American national long-term monitoring networks at a co-located site

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 4543-4560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tak W. Chan ◽  
Lin Huang ◽  
Kulbir Banwait ◽  
Wendy Zhang ◽  
Darrell Ernst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosol ◽  
Thermal Method ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Fire Emissions ◽  
Additional Information

Abstract. Carbonaceous aerosol is a major contributor to the total aerosol load and being monitored by diverse measurement approaches. Here, 10 years (2005–2015) of continuous carbonaceous aerosol measurements collected at the Centre of Atmospheric Research Experiments (CARE) in Egbert, Ontario, Canada, on quartz-fiber filters by three independent networks (Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments, IMPROVE; Canadian Air and Precipitation Monitoring Network, CAPMoN; and Canadian Aerosol Baseline Measurement, CABM) were compared. Specifically, the study evaluated how differences in sample collection and analysis affected the concentrations of total carbon (TC), organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC). Results show that different carbonaceous fractions measured by various networks were consistent and comparable in general among the three networks over the 10-year period, even with different sampling systems/frequencies, analytical protocols, and artifact corrections. The CAPMoN TC, OC, and EC obtained from the DRI model 2001 thermal–optical carbon analyzer following the IMPROVE-TOR protocol (denoted as DRI-TOR) method were lower than those determined from the IMPROVE_A TOR method by 17 %, 14 %, and 18 %, respectively. When using transmittance for charring correction, the corresponding carbonaceous fractions obtained from the Sunset-TOT were lower by as much as 30 %, 15 %, and 75 %, respectively. In comparison, the CABM TC, OC, and EC obtained from a thermal method, EnCan-Total-900 (ECT9), were higher than the corresponding fractions from IMPROVE_A TOR by 20 %–30 %, 0 %–15 %, and 60 %–80 %, respectively. Ambient OC and EC concentrations were found to increase when ambient temperature exceeded 10 ∘C. These increased ambient concentrations of OC during summer were possibly attributed to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation and forest fire emissions, while elevated EC concentrations were potentially influenced by forest fire emissions and increased vehicle emissions. Results also show that the pyrolyzed organic carbon (POC) obtained from the ECT9 protocol could provide additional information on SOA although more research is still needed.

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