scholarly journals Influence of Early Bladder Imaging in Experimental Rabbits on the Quantitative Determination of Glomerular Filtration Rate by the Gates Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Changyin Wang ◽  
Shun Li ◽  
Chun Gao ◽  
Wasili Maimaiti ◽  
Qisheng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Renal Uptake ◽  
Quantitative Calculation ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Baseline Status ◽  
The Difference

Objective. To investigate the influence of early bladder imaging (EBI) in experimental rabbits on the quantitative calculation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by the Gates method. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed the data of dynamic renal scintigraphy (DRS) in experimental rabbits. We calculated renal uptake during minutes 1-2 and 2-3 by correcting bladder radioactivity and computed the split GFR by renal uptake. Then, the EBI and GFR between 1-2 min and 2-3 min were compared, respectively. Results. The EBI proportion (57.3%) at 2-3 min of DRS was higher than that (8.5%) at 1-2 min ( P < 0.05 ). The correlations between the 1-2 min and 2-3 min uptake rates of unobstructed kidneys after correction ( r = 0.952 ‐ 0.979 ) were higher than those before correction ( r = 0.859 ‐ 0.936 ). However, the correlation between the two in obstructed kidneys was not improved ( r before = 0.967 versus r after = 0.968 ). For unobstructed kidneys, the difference in GFR based on 2-3 min uptake between before and after correction was significant ( P < 0.05 ), but not in obstructed kidneys ( P > 0.05 ). For GFR based on 1-2 min uptake, the difference between before and after correction was not significant in obstructed or unobstructed kidneys ( P > 0.05 ). Before correction, the GFR of unobstructed kidneys of 10.5% of the rabbits in the protein load test was lower than that in the baseline status, but not so after correction. Conclusion. The 2-3 min EBI on DRS has a significant influence on the GFR calculated by the Gates method in experimental rabbits. Controlling water intake or calculating the GFR by 1-2 min renal uptake helps to avoid the influence of EBI on GFR.

scholarly journals Glomerular Filtration Rate as a Predictor of Outcome in Acute Coronary Syndrome Complicated by Atrial Fibrillation

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1466
Author(s):  
Domenico Santoro ◽  
Guido Gembillo ◽  
Giuseppe Andò
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Difference ◽  
New Onset

The close relationship between kidney and heart is well known. Cardiovascular impairment contributes to the worsening of renal function and kidney failure worsens cardiovascular health. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a frequent issue in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and several studies have demonstrated that AF impacts negatively on their quality of life and outcomes. Understanding the mechanisms leading to the progression of CKD, new-onset AF and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a key issue. The evaluation of Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) could make the difference in this equilibrium and suggests specific strategies in the treatment of the population at major risk of cardiovascular events. This intriguing connection paves the way for necessary further investigations.

Outcome assessment of a computer-animated model for learning about the regulation of glomerular filtration rate

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jody L. Gookin ◽  
Dan McWhorter ◽  
Shelly Vaden ◽  
Lysa Posner
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
First Year ◽  
Veterinary Students ◽  
Advanced Students ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Written Materials

The regulation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a particularly important and challenging concept for students to integrate into a memorable framework for building further knowledge and solving clinical problems. In this study, 76 first-year veterinary students and 19 veterinarians in clinical specialty training (house officers) participated in separate online exercises to evaluate the use of a computer-animated model of GFR regulation ( www.aamc.org/mededportal ) on learning outcome. Students were randomly allocated to study either the animated model or written materials before completion of a 10-question multiple-choice quiz. House officers completed a 35-question test before and after study of the animated model. Both groups completed a survey about the learning exercise. The ability of the model to enhance learning was demonstrated by a significant improvement ( P < 0.001) in the test performance of house officers after studying the model. The model performed similarly to written materials alone in affecting the subsequent quiz performance of the students. The majority of students and house officers agreed or strongly agreed that the animated model was easy to understand, improved their knowledge and appreciation of the importance of GFR regulation, and that they would recommend the model to peers. Most students [63 of 76 students (83%)] responded that they would prefer the use of the animated model alone over the study of written materials but acknowledged that a combination of hardcopy written notes and the animated model would be ideal. A greater applicability of the model to more advanced students and an introduction in a didactic setting before individual study were suggested by the house officers. The results of this study suggest that the animated model is a useful, effective, and well-received tool for learning and creating a visual memory of the regulatory mechanisms of GFR.

Renal Tubular Protein Degradation of Radiolabelled Aprotinin (Trasylol) in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

1993 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 733-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rustom ◽  
J. S. Grime ◽  
P. Maltby ◽  
H. R. Stockdale ◽  
M. J. Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Normal Renal Function ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Uptake ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Renal Tubular

1. The new method developed to measure renal tubular degradation of small filtered proteins in patients with normal renal function, using radio-labelled aprotinin (Trasylol) (R. Rustom, J. S. Grime, P. Maltby, H. R. Stockdale, M. Critchley, J. M. Bone. Clin Sci 1992; 83, 289–94), was evaluated in patients with chronic renal failure. 2. Aprotinin was labelled with either 99mTc (40 MBq) or 131I (0.1 MBq), and injected intravenously in nine patients, with different renal pathologies. 51Cr-EDTA clearance (corrected for height and weight) was 40 + 5.4 (range 11.2-81) ml min−1 1.73 m−2. Activity in plasma and urine was measured over 24–48 h, and chromatography on Sephadex-G-25-M was used to separate labelled aprotinin from free 99mTcO4− or 131I−. Renal uptake was measured for 99mTc-labelled aprotinin only. 3. The volume of distribution was 20.2 + 2.3 litres. Chromatography showed all plasma activity as undegraded aprotinin, and urine activity only as the free labels (99mTcO4− or 131I−). 4. As in patients with normal renal function, activity in the kidney appeared promptly, with 5.7 + 2.5% of the dose detected even at 5 min. Activity rose rapidly to 9.4 + 1.6% of dose after 1.5 h, then more slowly to 15.0 + 0.5% of dose at 4.5 h, and even more slowly thereafter, reaching 24.1 + 2.8% of dose at 24 h. Extra-renal uptake was again insignificant, and both 99mTcO4− and 131I− appeared promptly in the urine, with similar and uniform rates of excretion over 24 h. 5. Both tubular uptake at 24 h and the rate of tubular metabolism over 24 h were lower than in the patients with normal renal function studied previously, but only the rate of tubular metabolism was directly related to the glomerular filtration rate (r = 0.75, P <0.02). 6. Correction for the reduced glomerular filtration rate yielded values for both tubular uptake (0.67 + 0.14 versus 0.32 + 0.03% of dose/ml of glomerular filtration rate, P <0.005), and tubular metabolism (0.033 + 0.07 versus 0.015 + 0.001% of dose h−1 ml−1 of glomerular filtration rate, P <0.005) that were higher by comparison with those for patients with normal renal function studied previously. 7. Fractional renal degradation of 99mTc-aprotinin (in h−1), derived from the mean rate of urinary excretion of the free isotope over a given interval, divided by the mean cumulative kidney uptake over the same interval, also fell steeply early, and then more slowly to 0.07 + 0.01 h−1 at 14.25 h (between 4.5 and 24 h). 8. It is concluded that the method described previously is also suitable in patients with chronic renal failure, allowing further research into renal disease progression.

scholarly journals Differences in Kidney Function Estimates Based on Creatinine and/or Cystatin C in Non-Traumatic Amputation Patients and Their Impact on Drug Prescribing

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia Aakjær ◽  
Morten Houlind ◽  
Charlotte Treldal ◽  
Mikkel Ankarfeldt ◽  
Pia S. Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Cystatin C ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Drug Prescribing ◽  
Traumatic Amputation ◽  
Before And After

Accurate kidney function estimates are necessary when prescribing renally-eliminated medications. Our objectives were to investigate how amputation affects estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and to determine if dosing recommendations differ among different eGFR equations. In a cohort study of non-traumatic amputation patients, eGFR based on creatinine and/or cystatin C were measured before and after amputation. Prescribed, renally-eliminated medications were compared with dosing guidelines in Renbase®. Data from 38 patients with a median age of 75 years were analyzed. The median (range) eGFR was 65 (15–103), 38 (13–79), and 48 (13–86) mL/min/1.73 m2 before amputation and 80 (22–107), 51 (13–95), and 62 (16–100) mL/min/1.73 m2 after amputation for eGFRCreatinine, eGFRCystatinC, and eGFRCombined, respectively (p < 0.01). From before to after amputation, eGFR increased on average by 8.5, 6.1, and 7.4 mL/min/1.73 m2 for eGFRCreatinine, eGFRCystatinC, and eGFRCombined (all p < 0.01), respectively. At least one renally-eliminated medication was prescribed at a higher dose than recommended in 37.8% of patients using eGFRCystatinC, 17.6% using eGFRCombined and 10.8% using eGFRCreatinine. In conclusion, amputation affects eGFR regardless of the eGFR equations. The differences among equations would impact prescribing of renally-eliminated medications, particularly when switching from creatinine to cystatin C.

Effect of L-NAME on glomerular filtration rate in deep and superficial layers of rat kidneys

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (3) ◽  
pp. F312-F318 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Treeck ◽  
K. Aukland
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Resistance Vessels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pressure Resistance

The effect of the NO synthase blocker N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in outer (OC), middle (MC), and inner cortex (IC) was studied in anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats by the aprotinin method. The filtered amount of 125I- and 131I-labeled aprotinin injected before and after L-NAME injection was measured in the same cortical tissue samples after excising the kidney. Arterial pressure increased on average by 43 mmHg, whereas renal blood flow fell by 26% after L-NAME, giving an increase in renal resistance of 92%. At constant renal arterial pressure, resistance rose by only 39%, revealing that autoregulation was responsible for about one-half of the resistance increase. Total and zonal GFR showed a small, statistically insignificant increase after L-NAME, regardless of whether the renal pressure was allowed to rise or not. The response varied considerably among animals, but in each animal the GFR varied proportionately in OC, MC, and IC. We conclude that the vasodilator tone of NO is predominantly located in postglomerular resistance vessels and is similar in the three cortical layers.

scholarly journals Arteriovenous Fistula Creation and Glomerular Filtration Rate in Advanced Kidney Disease: a Matched Cohort Study

Kidney360 ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 10.34067/KID.0005072020
Author(s):  
Marie-Ève Dupuis ◽  
Louis-Philippe Laurin ◽  
Remi Goupil ◽  
Valérie Bénard ◽  
Maude Pichette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistula ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Time Zero ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Matched Study ◽  
Egfr Decline

Background: Kidney failure is associated with a high burden of morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have raised the possibility that arteriovenous fistula creation (AVF) may attenuate estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline. This study aimed to compare eGFR decline in predialysis patients with AVF, matched to patients oriented towards peritoneal dialysis (PD). Methods: Predialysis patients with AVF and those oriented toward PD were retrospectively matched using a propensity score. Time zero was defined as 'AVF creation date' for the AVF group and 'date when eGFR was closest to the matched patient's eGFR at AVF creation' for the PD group. Crude and predicted eGFR decline in AVF and PD groups were compared before and after time zero using mixed effect linear regressions. Results: Sixty-one pairs were matched. Crude annual eGFR decline pre AVF creation / time zero was -4.1 ml/min/m2/year in the AVF group versus -5.3 ml/min/m2/year in the PD group (p=0.75) and after time zero, -2.5 ml/min/m2/year in the AVF group versus -4.5 ml/min/m2/year in the PD group (p=0.02). The predicted annual decline decreased from -5.1 ml/min/m2/year in the AVF group before AVF creation to -2.8 ml/min/m2/year after (p<0.01) while there was no difference in the PD group (-5.5 versus -5.1 ml/min/m2/year respectively, p=0.41). Conclusions: In this matched study, AVF creation was associated with a deceleration of kidney function decline compared to a control PD-oriented group. Prospective studies are needed to assess potential mechanisms between vascular access creation and eGFR slope attenuation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document