The Effect of Thermal Cycling on the Tensile and Shear Behaviors of the Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Epoxy

The aim of this research is to study the tensile and shear properties and mechanical behavior of carbon nanotube- (CNT-) reinforced epoxy after the resulting composites have been exposed to different thermal cycling environments. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are cylindrical molecules that consist of rolled-up sheet of single-layer carbon atoms (graphene) with a diameter of less than 1 nanometer (nm). Thermal cycling environments can exist in many conditions, such as in-earth orbit for satellites which rotate around the earth and pass through the sun illumination and earth’s shadow, and for airplanes which fly in different altitudes with different temperatures. Carbon nanotube-reinforced epoxy is one of the nanocomposite materials which have been broadly used in many applications such as aerospace, automotive, electronics, and other industries. The goal of this study is to fabricate this nanocomposite with different multiwall and single-wall CNT concentrations and expose it to different thermal cycle numbers and determine the changes in tensile and shear properties and failure characteristics. For this purpose, tension and short-beam tests have been used in this research. The addition of multiwall CNT produces better mechanical properties compared to the use of SWCNT reinforcement. However, unreinforced epoxy showed the highest mechanical properties.

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Electronic and Mechanical Properties of Super Carbon Nanotube Networks

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-0963-q15-07 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 963 ◽

Author(s):

Vitor R. Coluci ◽

Socrates O. Dantas ◽

Ado Jorio ◽

Douglas s Galvao

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Carbon Nanotube ◽

Tight Binding ◽

Deformation Mechanisms ◽

Different Types ◽

Dynamics Simulations ◽

Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Carbon Nanotube Networks ◽

Main Deformation

ABSTRACTEletronic and mechanical properties of ordered carbon nanotube networks are studied using molecular dynamics simulations and tight-binding calculations. These networks are formed by single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) regularly connected by junctions. The use of different types of junctions (“Y”-, “X”-like junctions, for example) allows the construction of networks with different symmetries. These networks can be very flexible and the elastic deformation was associated with two main deformation mechanisms (bending and stretching ) of the constituents SWNTs. Rolling up the networks, “super” carbon nanotubes can be constructed. These super-tubes share some of the main electronic features of the SWNT which form them but important changes are predicted (e.g. reduction of bandgap value). Simulations of their deformations under tensile stress have revealed that the super-tubes are softer than the corresponding SWNT and that their rupture occur in higher strain values.

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The influence of functionalization time of carbon nanotube on the mechanical properties of the epoxy composites

Journal of Composite Materials ◽

10.1177/0021998317701988 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 51 (12) ◽

pp. 1693-1701 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

EA Zakharychev ◽

EN Razov ◽

Yu D Semchikov ◽

NS Zakharycheva ◽

MA Kabina

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Elastic Modulus ◽

Carbon Nanotube ◽

Composite Materials ◽

Polymer Composites ◽

Epoxy Composites ◽

Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Walled Carbon Nanotubes

This paper investigates the structure, length, and percentage of functional groups of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) depending on the time taken for functionalization in HNO3 and H2SO4 mixture. The carbon nanotube content and influence of functionalization time on mechanical properties of polymer composite materials based on epoxy matrix are studied. The extreme dependencies of mechanical properties of carbon nanotube functionalization time of polymer composites were established. The rise in tensile strength of obtained composites reaches 102% and elastic modulus reaches 227% as compared to that of unfilled polymer. The composites exhibited best mechanical properties by including carbon nanotube with 0.5 h functionalization time.

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The Unravelling of Open-Ended Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Journal of Electronic Packaging ◽

10.1115/1.4003866 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 133 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Tarek Ragab ◽

Cemal Basaran

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Molecular Dynamics ◽

Carbon Nanotube ◽

Molecular Dynamics Simulations ◽

Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Atomic Chain ◽

Single Walled Carbon ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Dynamics Simulations ◽

Walled Carbon Nanotubes

The unravelling of (10, 10) and (18, 0) single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is simulated using molecular dynamics simulations at different temperatures. Two different schemes are proposed to simulate the unravelling; completely restraining the last atom in the chain and only restraining it in the axial direction. The forces on the terminal atom in the unravelled chain in the axial and radial directions are reported till the separation of the atomic chain from the carbon nanotube structure. The force-displacement relation for a chain structure at different temperatures is calculated and is compared to the unravelling forces. The axial stresses in the body of the carbon nanotube are calculated and are compared to the failure stresses of that specific nanotube. Results show that the scheme used to unravel the nanotube and the temperature can only effect the duration needed before the separation of some or all of the atomic chain from the nanotube, but does not affect the unravelling forces. The separation of the atomic chain from the nanotube is mainly due to the impulsive excessive stresses in the chain due to the addition of a new atom and rarely due to the steady stresses in the chain. From the simulations, it is clear that the separation of the chain will eventually happen due to the closing structure occurring at the end of the nanotube that would not be possible in multiwalled nanotubes.

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Estimating the Effect of Chirality and Size on the Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes Through Finite Element Modelling

Volume 1: Applied Mechanics; Automotive Systems; Biomedical Biotechnology Engineering; Computational Mechanics; Design; Digital Manufacturing; Education; Marine and Aerospace Applications ◽

10.1115/esda2014-20156 ◽

2014 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Muhammad Jibran Shahzad Zuberi ◽

Volkan Esat

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Finite Element ◽

Carbon Nanotube ◽

Material Properties ◽

Computational Models ◽

Computational Modelling ◽

Thermal And Electrical Properties ◽

New Generation ◽

Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered to be one of the contemporary materials exhibiting superior mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. A new generation state-of-the-art composite material, carbon nanotube reinforced polymer (CNTRP), utilizes carbon nanotubes as the reinforcing fibre element. CNTRPs are highly promising composite materials possessing the potential to be used in various areas such as automotive, aerospace, defence, and energy sectors. The CNTRP composite owes its frontline mechanical material properties mainly to the improvement provided by the CNT filler. There are challenging issues regarding CNTRPs such as determination of material properties, and effect of chirality and size on the mechanical material properties of carbon nanotube fibres, which warrant development of computational models. Along with the difficulties associated with experimentation on CNTs, there is paucity in the literature on the effects of chirality and size on the mechanical properties of CNTs. Insight into the aforementioned issues may be brought through computational modelling time- and cost-effectively when compared to experimentation. This study aims to investigate the effect of chirality and size of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on its mechanical material properties so that their contribution to the mechanical properties of CNTRP composite may be understood more clearly. Nonlinear finite element models based on molecular mechanics using various element types substituting C-C bond are generated to develop zigzag, armchair and chiral SWNTs over a range of diameters. The predictions collected from simulations are compared to the experimental and computational studies available in the literature.

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INFLUENCE OF FUNCTIONALIZED MULTI-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES ON FILTERABILITY AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF RAYON NANOCOMPOSITE FILAMENTS

JURNAL SELULOSA ◽

10.25269/jsel.v3i01.41 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (01) ◽

Author(s):

Holia Onggo ◽

Rike Yudianti ◽

Endang Ruchiat

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Carbon Nanotube ◽

Carbon Nanotube Dispersion ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Nanotube Dispersion ◽

Scanning Electron

Carbon nanotube-rayon composite filaments was fabricated by spinning and coagulation of the mixture of 100mL functionalized carbon nanotube dispersion (containing 0.72 g FCNT) and cellulose xanthate in NaOH solution using viscose process. In the process, CNT was functionalized using mixture of acidic solution ( H2SO4/HNO3, 3:1 v/v). Influence of functionalized (FCNT) and non-functionalized carbon nanotubes (nFCNT) on the fabrication of rayon nanocomposite filament was studied. Physical and morphological properties of the nanocomposite filaments were characterized by single filament tenacity tester, photo micrograph, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Filterability and mechanical properties of FCNT-rayon nanocomposite filament greatly improved by reducing clogging constant from 1689 to 153 and increasing tenacity from 2.72 to 3.01 g/denier and decreasing elongation from 57.1 to 36.5% respectively compared with those of nFCNT-rayon nanocomposite filament.Keywords: functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes, nanocomposite filament, mechanical properties, filterability, dispersion ABSTRAKRayon nanocomposite filaments telah dibuat melalui proses pemilinan (spinning) dan koagulasi (coagulation) dari campuran 100 mL larutan functionalized carbon nanotube dispersion (FCNT=0,72 g), selulosa santat dalam larutan NaOH melalui proses viskosa. CNT di functionalisasi (FCNT) menggunakan campuran larutan asam (H2SO4/HNO3, 3:1 v/v). Pengaruh fungsionalisasi CNT pada pembuatan rayon nanocomposite filaments dipelajari dengan cara membandingkannya dengan CNT tanpa fungsionalisasi (nFCNT). Sifat fisik dan morfologi dari rayon-nanocomposite filaments dikarakterisasi menggunakan tenacity tester, photo micrograph, scanning electron microscope (SEM) dan transmission electron microscope (TEM). Viskosa FCNT memiliki daya saring (Kw) cukup baik yaitu 155, sedangkan viskosa nFCNT memiliki daya saring 1689 (tidak baik). Kekuatan mekanik dari FCNT-rayon nanocomposite filaments berturut turut adalah 3,01 g/denier (tenacity), dan 36,5% (elongation), lebih baik dibandingkan dengan nFCNT-rayon nanocomposite filament: 2,72 g/denier (tenacity) dan 57,1% (elongation).Kata kunci: fungsionalisasi multi-walled carbon nanotubes, rayon-nanocomposite filament, sifat mekanik, daya saring, dispersi

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Effects of multi-walled carbon nanotube functionalization on the morphological and mechanical properties of nanocomposite foams based on poly(vinyl chloride)/(wood flour)/ (multi-walled carbon nanotubes)

Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology ◽

10.1002/vnl.20299 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 161-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

I. Ghasemi ◽

A.T. Farsheh ◽

Z. Masoomi

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Carbon Nanotube ◽

Vinyl Chloride ◽

Wood Flour ◽

Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽

Nanocomposite Foams ◽

Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube ◽

Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Walled Carbon Nanotubes

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Theoretical Prediction and Experimental Study of Mechanical Properties for Random and Magnetically Aligned Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube/Epoxy Composites

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-381-q10.1 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 791 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ben Wang ◽

Ravi Shankar ◽

Zhiyong Liang ◽

Zhi Wang ◽

Chuck Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Carbon Nanotube ◽

High Performance ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Reinforced Composites ◽

Polymeric Nanocomposites ◽

Single Walled Carbon ◽

Theoretical Predictions ◽

Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Magnetically Aligned

ABSTRACTSingle-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have exceptional mechanical and functional properties. Many researchers consider SWNTs as the most promising reinforcement for realizing the optimal structural and multifunctional potential of the next generation of high performance nanocomposites. However, due to poor dispersion, weak interfacial bonding and deficient tube orientation, current nanotube-based nanocomposites fail to realize their anticipated properties. A new approach was developed by the authors to use preformed nanotube tube networks (called buckypapers) and a resin infiltration method for producing bulk polymeric nanocomposites with controlled nanostructure and high tube loading. Desired tube alignment in nanocomposites can be achieved by using magnetically aligned carbon nanotube buckypapers, in which SWNTs will tend to align along the direction of applied magnetic field. The mechanical properties of the resultant nanocomposites have been tested. The storage modulus of the magnetically aligned nanocomposites is as high as 47 GPa, which is one of the highest reported values of nanotube-reinforced composites.In this research, we investigated the influences of tube dispersion, loading and orientation on the mechanical properties of SWNT-reinforced composites. Random and aligned discontinuous reinforcement models of composites were applied to predict the tensile moduli of both individually dispersed SWNT-based and SWNT rope-based nanocomposites. The nanostructural parameters used in the calculation models were determined based on our experimental observations. Comparisons between theoretical estimates and experimental results have shown that the formation of SWNT ropes in the composites has a significant influence on the mechanical properties. The experimental results of the both random and aligned SWNT rope composites are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.

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Micro-mechanical properties and morphological observation on fracture surfaces of carbon nanotube composites pre-treated at different temperatures

Composites Science and Technology ◽

10.1016/s0266-3538(03)00038-1 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 63 (8) ◽

pp. 1161-1164 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Kin-tak Lau ◽

San-Qiang Shi ◽

Hui-ming Cheng

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Carbon Nanotube ◽

Morphological Observation ◽

Fracture Surfaces ◽

Nanotube Composites ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Carbon Nanotube Composites

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Effect of carbon nanotube modification on poly (butylene terephthalate)-based composites

Chemical Papers ◽

10.1515/chempap-2016-0007 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 70 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Agnieszka Piegat ◽

Anna Jędrzejewska ◽

Robert Peƚech ◽

Iwona Peƚech

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Carbon Nanotube ◽

Lower Amount ◽

Butylene Terephthalate ◽

The Matrix ◽

Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Modified Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Walled Carbon Nanotubes

AbstractThe influence of the chemical modification of carbon nanotubes on the mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of poly(butylene terephthalate)-based composites was investigated. Polymer composites based on poly(butylene terephthalate) were obtained via in situ polymerisation or extrusion. Commercially available multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Nanocyl NC7000) at different loadings (mass %: 0.05, 0.25, 1, 2) were used as fillers. The functionalisation process took place under a chlorine atmosphere followed by a reaction with sodium hydroxide. The effect of carbon nanotube modification was analysed according to the changes in the polymer thermal and mechanical properties. An addition of modified carbon nanotubes in the amount of 0.05 mass % improved the mechanical properties of the composites in terms of both Young’s modulus and tensile strength by 5–10 % and 17–30 % compared with composites with unmodified carbon nanotubes and neat poly(butylene terephthalate), respectively. The in situ method of composite preparation was a more effective technique for enhancing the matrix–filler interactions, although a significantly lower amount of fillers were used than in the extrusion method.

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