scholarly journals Investigating the Application of Liposomes as Drug Delivery Systems for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Latifa W. Allahou ◽  
Seyed Yazdan Madani ◽  
Alexander Seifalian
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Lipid Bilayers ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Standard Size ◽  
Passive Targeting ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Aqueous Core ◽  
Treatment And Diagnosis

Chemotherapy is the routine treatment for cancer despite the poor efficacy and associated off-target toxicity. Furthermore, therapeutic doses of chemotherapeutic agents are limited due to their lack of tissue specificity. Various developments in nanotechnology have been applied to medicine with the aim of enhancing the drug delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. One of the successful developments includes nanoparticles which are particles that range between 1 and 100 nm that may be utilized as drug delivery systems for the treatment and diagnosis of cancer as they overcome the issues associated with chemotherapy; they are highly efficacious and cause fewer side effects on healthy tissues. Other nanotechnological developments include organic nanocarriers such as liposomes which are a type of nanoparticle, although they can deviate from the standard size range of nanoparticles as they may be several hundred nanometres in size. Liposomes are small artificial spherical vesicles ranging between 30 nm and several micrometres and contain one or more concentric lipid bilayers encapsulating an aqueous core that can entrap both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. Liposomes are biocompatible and low in toxicity and can be utilized to encapsulate and facilitate the intracellular delivery of chemotherapeutic agents as they are biodegradable and have reduced systemic toxicity compared with free drugs. Liposomes may be modified with PEG chains to prolong blood circulation and enable passive targeting. Grafting of targeting ligands on liposomes enables active targeting of anticancer drugs to tumour sites. In this review, we shall explore the properties of liposomes as drug delivery systems for the treatment and diagnosis of cancer. Moreover, we shall discuss the various synthesis and functionalization techniques associated with liposomes including their drug delivery, current clinical applications, and toxicology.

scholarly journals Recent Advancements in Stimuli Responsive Drug Delivery Platforms for Active and Passive Cancer Targeting

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 670
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdur Rahim ◽  
Nasrullah Jan ◽  
Safiullah Khan ◽  
Hassan Shah ◽  
Asadullah Madni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Triggered Release ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Passive Targeting

The tumor-specific targeting of chemotherapeutic agents for specific necrosis of cancer cells without affecting the normal cells poses a great challenge for researchers and scientists. Though extensive research has been carried out to investigate chemotherapy-based targeted drug delivery, the identification of the most promising strategy capable of bypassing non-specific cytotoxicity is still a major concern. Recent advancements in the arena of onco-targeted therapies have enabled safe and effective tumor-specific localization through stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems. Owing to their promising characteristic features, stimuli-responsive drug delivery platforms have revolutionized the chemotherapy-based treatments with added benefits of enhanced bioavailability and selective cytotoxicity of cancer cells compared to the conventional modalities. The insensitivity of stimuli-responsive drug delivery platforms when exposed to normal cells prevents the release of cytotoxic drugs into the normal cells and therefore alleviates the off-target events associated with chemotherapy. Contrastingly, they showed amplified sensitivity and triggered release of chemotherapeutic payload when internalized into the tumor microenvironment causing maximum cytotoxic responses and the induction of cancer cell necrosis. This review focuses on the physical stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems and chemical stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems for triggered cancer chemotherapy through active and/or passive targeting. Moreover, the review also provided a brief insight into the molecular dynamic simulations associated with stimuli-based tumor targeting.

scholarly journals Synthesis of mucoadhesive thiol-bearing microgels from 2-(acetylthio)ethylacrylate and 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate: novel drug delivery systems for chemotherapeutic agents to the bladder

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (32) ◽  
pp. 6599-6604 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Cook ◽  
S. A. Schmidt ◽  
E. Lee ◽  
W. Samprasit ◽  
P. Opanasopit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Novel Drug

Thiol-bearing microgels have been synthesised from copolymerisation of 2-(acetylthio)ethylacrylate and 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate, and subsequent deprotection using sodium thiomethoxide.

Dual-sensitive dual-prodrug nanoparticles with light-controlled endo/lysosomal escape for synergistic photoactivated chemotherapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yubin Huang ◽  
Hongtong Lu ◽  
Shasha He ◽  
Qingfei Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Controlled Drug Delivery ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents

The clinical application of conventional chemotherapeutic agents, represented by cisplatin, is limited by severe side effects. So, it is essential to explore more safer and controlled drug delivery systems for...

Planar lipid bilayers formed from thermodynamically-optimized liposomes as new featured carriers for drug delivery systems through human skin

2019 ◽  
Vol 563 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha L. Vázquez-González ◽  
Adrià Botet-Carreras ◽  
Òscar Domènech ◽  
M. Teresa Montero ◽  
Jordi H. Borrell
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Lipid Bilayers ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Planar Lipid Bilayers

scholarly journals Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Delivery of Chemotherapeutics: A Review

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Haider ◽  
Shifaa M. Abdin ◽  
Leena Kamal ◽  
Gorka Orive
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Current Standard

The efficacy of current standard chemotherapy is suboptimal due to the poor solubility and short half-lives of chemotherapeutic agents, as well as their high toxicity and lack of specificity which may result in severe side effects, noncompliance and patient inconvenience. The application of nanotechnology has revolutionized the pharmaceutical industry and attracted increasing attention as a significant means for optimizing the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents and enhancing their efficiency and safety profiles. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are lipid-based formulations that have been broadly studied as drug delivery systems. They have a solid matrix at room temperature and are considered superior to many other traditional lipid-based nanocarriers such as nanoemulsions, liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) due to their enhanced physical stability, improved drug loading capacity, and biocompatibility. This review focuses on the latest advances in the use of NLCs as drug delivery systems and their preparation and characterization techniques with special emphasis on their applications as delivery systems for chemotherapeutic agents and different strategies for their use in tumor targeting.

scholarly journals PORPHYSOMES-A PARADIGM SHIFT IN TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Revathy B. Menon ◽  
Lakshmi V. S. ◽  
Aiswarya M. U. ◽  
Keerthana Raju ◽  
Sreeja C. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Right ◽  
Aqueous Core

A novel drug delivery system is the one that ensures optimum dose at the right time, at the right location. Porphysomes are among those drug delivery systems. Porphysomes are a means of vesicular drug delivery systems. They are liposome-like structures composed completely of porphyrin lipid. The porphysomes encapsulates the active medicament in vesicular structure. They are having an aqueous core which can be loaded with the medicament. They have the capacity to destroy the disease tissues. They absorb the heat in the near infrared region and release this heat to destroy the diseased tissues. Porphysomes are having immense applications in the field of positron-electron therapy (PET), photoacoustic imaging, photothermal therapy etc. This review article discusses regarding the Porphysome-the drug delivery system, its advantages and disadvantages, composition, method of preparation, applications and various aspects related to the porphysomal drug delivery.

scholarly journals Sphingosomes: A Novel Lipoidal Vesicular Drug Delivery System

2020 ◽  
pp. 261-267
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Aqueous Volume

Vesicular drug delivery system has various advantages thereby improving therapeutic efficacy and by sustaining and controlling action of drugs. Liposomes, sphingosomes, ethosomes, cubosomes, pharmacasomes, niosomes, transferosomes are the newly developed vesicular drug delivery system. This review article mainly deals with the sphingosomal drug delivery system. Sphingosomes are vesicular drug delivery systems in which an aqueous volume is enclosed with sphingolipid bilayer membranes. Sphingosomes has an enhanced area of interest because of their applicability in improving the in vivo delivery of various chemotherapeutic agents, biological macromolecules and diagnostics. Sphingosome has major advantages over other vesicular drug delivery systems like high stability, more in vivo circulation time, high tumor loading efficacy in case of cancer therapy as compared to liposomes, niosomes etc. Sphingosomes are clinically used vesicular delivery system for chemotherapeutic agent, biological macromolecule and diagnostics. This review concluded that sphingosome represents a promising vesicular drug delivery system for a range of possible therapeutic applications.

scholarly journals CELL CARRIERS AS SYSTEMS OF DELIVERY OF ANTITUMOR DRUGS (REVIEW)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-57
Author(s):  
O. V. Trineeva ◽  
A. J. Halahakoon ◽  
A. I. Slivkin
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Pharmaceutical Chemistry ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Low Efficiency

Introduction. Drug delivery systems are defined as systems that deliver the optimal amount of a drug to a target target, increase the effectiveness of treatment, and reduce adverse effects. Regulation of the rate of release of drugs and bringing to specific tissues where active ingredients are needed are the main objectives of drug delivery systems. The development of systems for targeted, organ-specific and controlled delivery of medicinal, prophylactic and diagnostic agents is currently a relevant area of research for pharmacy and medicine. Of particular interest is the actual problem of increasing the frequency of manifestations of side effects of drugs. The side effect of drugs, their low efficiency is often explained by the inaccessibility of drugs directly to the target. Text. Currently, targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic agents and drug delivery systems has completely changed the tactics and approaches in the drug treatment of cancer, allowing to reduce the side effects of the drug and generally increase the effectiveness of the course of treatment. This paper summarizes and systematizes information about targeted systems for drug delivery of antitumor activity, described in the scientific literature and used in pharmacy and medicine. Most of the methods for obtaining cellular forms of toxic drugs discussed in this review are still at the development stage, and some methods are gradually finding practical application abroad in medicine and other fields. Vincristine (VCR) and vinblastine (VBL) are the most widely used and effective drugs in chemotherapeutic practice. Despite their effectiveness against various oncological diseases, there are a number of harmful side effects that limit the widespread use of these drugs. Conclusion. There is the possibility of using cellular carriers as a VCR and VBL delivery system. In scientific publications, there is still no data on the use of cellular carriers for encapsulating VCR and VBL. Therefore, relevant studies are devoted to the possibility of using cellular carriers to reduce side effects, improve efficiency, and develop dosage forms for the delivery of VCR and VBL to pathological foci. This topic is currently being actively developed by members of the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Voronezh State University.

Delivery Systems for Birch-bark Triterpenoids and their Derivatives in Anticancer Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 1308-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inese Mierina ◽  
Reinis Vilskersts ◽  
Māris Turks
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Birch Bark ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Synthetic Derivatives ◽  
Low Solubility

Birch-bark triterpenoids and their semi-synthetic derivatives possess a wide range of biological activities including cytotoxic effects on various tumor cell lines. However, due to the low solubility and bioavailability, their medicinal applications are rather limited. The use of various nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems is a rapidly developing approach to the solubilization of insufficiently bioavailable pharmaceuticals. Herein, the drug delivery systems deemed to be applicable for birch-bark triterpenoid structures are reviewed. The aforementioned disadvantages of birch-bark triterpenoids and their semi-synthetic derivatives can be overcome through their incorporation into organic nanoparticles, which include various dendrimeric systems, as well as embedding the active compounds into polymer matrices or complexation with carbohydrate nanoparticles without covalent bonding. Some of the known triterpenoid delivery systems consist of nanoparticles featuring inorganic cores covered with carbohydrates or other polymers. Methods for delivering the title compounds through encapsulation and emulsification into lipophilic media are also suitable. Besides, the birch-bark triterpenoids can form self-assembling systems with increased bio-availability. Even more, the self-assembling systems are used as carriers for delivering other chemotherapeutic agents. Another advantage besides increased bioavailability and anticancer activity is the reduced overall systemic toxicity in most of the cases, when triterpenoids are delivered with any of the carriers.

Understanding the Pharmaceutical Aspects of Dendrimers for the Delivery of Anticancer Drugs

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 528-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Kumar Dubey ◽  
Shubham Salunkhe ◽  
Mukta Agrawal ◽  
Maithili Kali ◽  
Gautam Singhvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Biological Membrane ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Covalent Bond ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Passive Targeting ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Growth Method

Dendrimers are emerging class of nanoparticles used in targeted drug delivery systems. These are radially symmetric molecules with well-defined, homogeneous, and monodisperse structures. Due to the nano size, they can easily cross the biological membrane and increase bioavailability. The surface functionalization facilitates targeting of the particular site of action, assists the high drug loading and improves the therapeutic efficiency of the drug. These properties make dendrimers advantageous over conventional drug delivery systems. This article explains the features of dendrimers along with their method of synthesis, such as divergent growth method, convergent growth method, double exponential and mixed method, hyper-core and branched method. Dendrimers are effectively used in anticancer delivery and can be targeted at the site of tumor either by active or passive targeting. There are three mechanisms by which drugs interact with dendrimers, and they are physical encapsulation, electrostatic interaction, chemical conjugation of drug molecules. Drug releases from dendrimer either by in vivo cleavage of the covalent bond between drugdendrimer complexes or by physical changes or stimulus like pH, temperature, etc.

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