scholarly journals Will Port Integration Help Reduce Carbon Emissions and Improve Social Welfare?

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Zhuoqi Teng ◽  
Xiaoli Li ◽  
Yuantao Fang ◽  
Hailing Fu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Emission Level ◽  
Subsidy Rate ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Government

In the context of competition between two ports in Cournot, we studied optimal decision-making processes for the government and the port in four different situations before and after the integration of the port based on the subsidy and carbon tax mechanism. We analyzed the impacts of the carbon tax rate and emission reduction subsidy rate on social welfare and determined the optimal carbon tax rate, the optimal emission reduction subsidy rate, the optimal carbon emission level, and the optimal social welfare level in different situations. We also compared the optimal social welfare level and the optimal carbon emission level of the four situations before and after the integration. This research can be used as a policy reference for the government for the formation of environmental policies based on the goal of maximizing social welfare, and it could also be used for the port’s internal decision-making when the environmental policy has been set.

scholarly journals Analysis on Evolutionary Stability Strategies of Carbon Emission of Logistics Enterprises Based on Carbon Tax

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Xiaoping Wu ◽  
Peng Liu ◽  
Qi Wei
Keyword(s):  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction ◽  
Logistics Enterprises ◽  
The Government

In view of the problem of high carbon emissions of logistics enterprises, the government’s carbon tax policy, consumers’ willingness to purchase low-carbon services, and the carbon emission reduction behavior of logistics enterprises, the evolutionary game model between the government, consumers, and logistics enterprises is established by using the theory and method of evolutionary game, and the evolutionary stabilization strategies of the three parties under different parameters are analyzed. The research results show the following. (1) When setting the carbon tax rate, the government can ignore the impact on consumers and give more consideration to the influencing factors of logistics enterprises, which is conducive to the formulation of carbon emission reduction policies for logistics enterprises. (2) When the government sets a lower carbon tax rate, it can not only promote the carbon emission reduction of logistics enterprises but also be conducive to government supervision. (3) The evolution direction of the government’s final decision will not change due to the size of Y and Z. The government’s final decision is to adopt a regulatory strategy. The study provides theoretical guidance for the government to formulate carbon tax policies, guides consumers to purchase low-carbon services, and promotes carbon emission reduction in logistics enterprises.

scholarly journals Optimal Decisions for Two Risk-Averse Competitive Manufacturers under the Cap-and-Trade Policy and Uncertain Demand

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxia Sun ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Yang Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Cap And Trade ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction ◽  
Optimal Decisions ◽  
The Government

With the increasingly serious problem of environmental pollution, reducing carbon emissions has become an urgent task for all countries. The cap-and-trade (C&T) policy has gained international recognition and has been adopted by several countries. In this paper, considering the uncertainty of market demand, we discuss the carbon emission reduction and price policies of two risk-averse competitive manufacturers under the C&T policy. The two manufacturers have two competitive behaviors: simultaneous decision making and sequential decision making. Two models were constructed for these behaviors. The optimal decisions, carbon emission reduction rate, and price were obtained from these two models. Furthermore, in this paper the effects of some key parameters on the optimal decision are discussed, and some managerial insights are obtained. The results show that the lower the manufacturers’ risk aversion level is, the higher their carbon emission reduction rate and utilities. As the carbon quota increases, the manufacturers’ optimal carbon reduction rate and utilities increase. Considering consumers’ environmental awareness, it is more beneficial for the government to reduce the carbon quota and motivate manufacturers’ internal enthusiasm for emission reduction. The government can, through macro control of the market, make carbon trading prices increase appropriately and encourage manufacturers to reduce carbon emissions.

scholarly journals Green Innovation Mode under Carbon Tax and Innovation Subsidy: An Evolutionary Game Analysis for Portfolio Policies

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengzhong Zhang ◽  
Yingmin Yu ◽  
Qihong Zhu ◽  
Chun Martin Qiu ◽  
Aixuan Tian
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emission ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Green Innovation ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Reduce Carbon Emission ◽  
The Government ◽  
Innovation Mode

Previous literature has shown that manufacturers’ choices between radical and incremental green innovation modes can greatly impact the tradeoff between industry growth and carbon emission reduction. Yet, how the government can motivate manufacturers to implement radical green innovations to reduce carbon emission is unclear. In this paper, the researchers construct an evolutionary game model to analyze the joint impacts of carbon tax and innovation subsidy on manufacturers’ choices of green innovation mode. We derive the conditions for manufacturers’ stable strategies. Based on those results, we find that four factors—carbon tax, innovation subsidy, consumer green preference, and manufacturers’ capabilities of absorbing and adopting new technologies—may facilitate the choice of radical innovation. Furthermore, we conduct numerical simulations to verify the theoretical results, and further illustrate how the synergy of carbon tax rate and subsidy level affects the evolution of the green innovation mode choices. Specifically, we demonstrate the superiority of portfolio policy in the early stage of green innovation over single policy. In contrast, in the later stage, it is carbon tax but not innovation subsidy that remains effective. We discuss the insights for the government to formulate appropriate environmental policies to effectively promote the adoption of green innovation and reduce carbon emission.

scholarly journals Carbon Tax, Subsidy, and Emission Reduction: Analysis Based on DSGE Model

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Haoran Li ◽  
Wei Peng
Keyword(s):  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Coordinated Development ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction ◽  
Dynamic Stochastic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Application Fields ◽  
The Impact

Carbon emission has negative externalities, which will cause severe natural and social problems. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to carbon emission reduction issue both in academic and application fields. This paper aims to explore the impact of punitive carbon tax and incentive carbon emission reduction subsidy on economy and environment through the dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) framework. The results show that both carbon tax and carbon emission reduction subsidy policies can help to reduce carbon emissions and to improve environment quality. In addition, carbon emission reduction subsidy has a positive impact on economy, while carbon tax has the opposite impact. It follows that the incentive carbon emission reduction policy is more conducive to the coordinated development of economy and environment. This research can be a guideline for the government to formulate carbon emission abatement policies from the perspective of coordinated development.

Investment strategy analysis of emission-reduction technology under cost subsidy policy in the carbon trading market

Kybernetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Hou ◽  
Jiayi Sun
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Investment Strategy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Subsidy Policy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Technology Investment

Purpose The authors consider a dynamic emission-reduction technology investment decision-making problem for an emission-dependent dyadic supply chain consists of a manufacturer and a retailer under subsidy policy for carbon emission reduction. The consumers are assumed to prefer to low-carbon products and formulate a supply chain optimal control problem. Design/methodology/approach The authors adopt differential game to analyze investment strategies of cost subsidy coefficient with respect to vertical incentive of a manufacturer and a retailer. A comparison analysis under four different decision-making situations, including decentralized decision-making, centralized decision-making, maximizing social welfare, is obtained. Findings The results show that the economic benefit and environmental pressure have a win–win performance in centralized decision-making. In four different game models, equilibrium strategies, profits and social welfare show changing diversity and have a consistent development trend as time goes on. Research limitations/implications The authors estimate the demand function is a linear function in this paper. According to the consumers’ preference to low-carbon products, consumer’s awareness meets the law of diminishing marginal utility like advertising goodwill accumulation. The carbon-sensitive coefficient might be a quadratic expression, which will complicate the problem and be consistent with reality. Practical implications It captures that there is a necessity to strengthen cooperation and exchange of carbon emission technology among the enterprises by simulation of different decision-makings when government granted cost subsidy. Social implications The results provide significant guidelines for the supply chain to make decision-makings of emission-reduction technology investment and relevant government departments to determine emission subsidies costs. Originality/value An endogenous subsidies coefficient is produced by the social welfare function. Distinguished from previous study, it also considered the influences of carbon emission trade policy and consumer preference.

scholarly journals Incentive Contract Design for Supply Chain Enterprise’s Pollution Abatement with Carbon Tax

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jing Yu ◽  
Chi Zhou ◽  
Yixin Wang ◽  
Zhibing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Pollution Abatement ◽  
Uncertain Variable ◽  
Equivalent Model ◽  
Transfer Payment ◽  
Optimal Transfer ◽  
Emission Level ◽  
The Government

This paper applies mechanism design to the supply chain enterprise’s pollution abatement problem with carbon tax. To maximize the government’s expected utility, an uncertain contract model is presented in the framework of principal-agent theory, where the government’s assessment of the supply chain enterprise’s carbon emission level is described as an uncertain variable. Afterwards, the equivalent model is provided to obtain the optimal contract for the uncertain pollution abatement problem. The results demonstrate that the supply chain enterprise’s optimal output decreases with the carbon emission level. Furthermore, the government’s optimal transfer payment decreases with the carbon emission level if the carbon tax is low. In contrast, if the carbon tax is high, the optimal transfer payment increases with the carbon emission level. In addition, an increase in the carbon emission level decreases the optimal utilities of both the government and the supply chain enterprise and also leads to the supply chain enterprise’s incremental marginal utility. Finally, we provide a numerical example, which illustrates the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed model.

scholarly journals Decision-Making of a Dual-Channel Closed-Loop Supply Chain in the Context Government Policy: A Dynamic Game Theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuemei Zhang ◽  
Qianwen Li ◽  
Guohu Qi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Dynamic Game ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Closed Loop Supply Chain ◽  
Dual Channel ◽  
The Government

To analyze the effect of government reward-penalty policies (RPPs) on the decisions of a dual-channel closed-loop supply chain (CLSC), this paper endogenizes government decision variables to maximize social welfare and builds four decision-making models (without RPP, with carbon emission RPP, with recycling amount RPP, and with double RPP) by using a Stackelberg dynamic game between the government and supply chain members. The research results show that, (1) in the four models, there exist optimal prices and reward-penalty coefficients to maximize the supply chain members’ profits and social welfare. (2) Comparing with model W, under most conditions, three government RPPs decrease the demand for new products and increase the demand for remanufactured products. Comparing the case without RPP, R’s profit decreases, and when the carbon emission cap is very big and the lowest recycling amount is very small, M’s profit increases. (3) In most cases, the three government RPPs can effectively control the total carbon emission and increase the social welfare, but they damage the benefits of retailers and consumers. With the increase of the carbon emission intensity of remanufactured products, the government can implement the double RPP, the carbon emission RPP, and the recycling amount RPP in turn.

scholarly journals Investigating the Impact of Carbon Subsidy Policy on the Decision-Making of Remanufacturing Supply Chain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Tianshan Ma ◽  
Syed Abdul Rehman Khan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

This research is to investigate the decision making of the members of remanufacturing supply chain under the government involvement. Different scenarios are analyzed in this research, and it is found that the subsidy for carbon emission reduction can increase the WPs (waste products) reusing. When the recycler participates in remanufacturing supply chain, the cost of remanufacturer will be shared and through centralizing the decision making, the carbon emission reduction will be enhanced and the whole supply chain’s profit will decrease. So it is suggested that the government need to adjust the subsidy for carbon emission reduction in terms of the quality level of WPs and the cooperation between recycler and remanufacturer is suggested, especially in the high-value waste remanufacturing supply chain.

scholarly journals Carbon Emission Estimation of Assembled Composite Concrete Beams during Construction

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1810
Author(s):  
Kaitong Xu ◽  
Haibo Kang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Ping Jiang ◽  
Na Li
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Composite Beams ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Carbon Emission Reduction ◽  
The Government

At present, the issue of carbon emissions from buildings has become a hot topic, and carbon emission reduction is also becoming a political and economic contest for countries. As a result, the government and researchers have gradually begun to attach great importance to the industrialization of low-carbon and energy-saving buildings. The rise of prefabricated buildings has promoted a major transformation of the construction methods in the construction industry, which is conducive to reducing the consumption of resources and energy, and of great significance in promoting the low-carbon emission reduction of industrial buildings. This article mainly studies the calculation model for carbon emissions of the three-stage life cycle of component production, logistics transportation, and on-site installation in the whole construction process of composite beams for prefabricated buildings. The construction of CG-2 composite beams in Fujian province, China, was taken as the example. Based on the life cycle assessment method, carbon emissions from the actual construction process of composite beams were evaluated, and that generated by the composite beam components during the transportation stage by using diesel, gasoline, and electric energy consumption methods were compared in detail. The results show that (1) the carbon emissions generated by composite beams during the production stage were relatively high, accounting for 80.8% of the total carbon emissions, while during the transport stage and installation stage, they only accounted for 7.6% and 11.6%, respectively; and (2) during the transportation stage with three different energy-consuming trucks, the carbon emissions from diesel fuel trucks were higher, reaching 186.05 kg, followed by gasoline trucks, which generated about 115.68 kg; electric trucks produced the lowest, only 12.24 kg.

scholarly journals Pricing Decisions of CSR Closed-Loop Supply Chains with Carbon Emission Constraints

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Shu ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
Shou Chen ◽  
Shouyang Wang ◽  
Kin Lai
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Closed Loop Supply Chains ◽  
Corporate Social

Global warming has become a growing concern for countries around the world. Currently, the direct way to solve this issue is to curb carbon emissions. Governments and enterprises should assume the social responsibility to conserve the environment. Under the background of carbon emission constraint, this article investigates the optimal decisions of closed-loop supply chains in the context of social responsibility, explores the impacts of constraints of carbon emissions and corporate social responsibility on recycling and remanufacturing decisions, and introduces the model of maximizing social welfare for further comparison and analysis. The results show that the coefficient of remanufacturing and emission reduction and the coefficient of government reward and punishment are inversely proportional to recycling rates and the total carbon emissions. Governments should formulate rational carbon emission caps for enterprises with different coefficients of remanufacturing and emission reduction. Additionally, corporate social responsibility has a positive effect on recycling rates, and a rise in its strength can lead to a fall in carbon emissions per unit product. In terms of product recycling and profit sources, the model of maximizing social welfare is superior to that of maximizing the manufacturer’s total profits, which provides new managerial insights for decision-makers.

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