scholarly journals Fault Tolerance of Optical Hypercube Interconnection Networks with r -Communication Pattern

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Xianyong Li ◽  
Yajun Du ◽  
Yongquan Fan
Keyword(s):  
Fault Tolerance ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Optical Networks ◽  
Interconnection Networks ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Communication Pattern ◽  
Optical Interconnection ◽  
Electrical Networks ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Hypercube Network

As power grids and optical interconnection networks are interdependent, the reliabilities of the optical networks are critical issues in power systems. The optical networks hold prominent performance including wide bandwidth, low loss, strong anti-interference capability, high fidelity, and reliable performance. They are regarded as promising alternatives to electrical networks for parallel processing. This paper is aimed at taking the first step in understanding the communication efficiencies of optical networks. For that purpose, on optical networks, we propose a series of novel notions including communication pattern, r -communication graph, reduced diameter, enhanced connectivity, r -diameter, and r -connectivity. Using these notions, we determine that the r -diameter and r -connectivity of the optical n -dimensional hypercube network are n / r and n 1 + n 2 + ⋯ + n r , respectively. Since the parameter r is variable, we can adjust different values of r on the basis of the wavelength resources and load of the optical networks, achieving enhanced communication efficiencies of these networks. Compared with the electric n -dimensional hypercube network, the proposed communication pattern on the optical hypercube network not only reduces the maximum communication delay of the conventional electrical hypercube significantly but also improves its fault tolerance remarkably.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF DESIGN APPROACH TO IMPLEMENTATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 290-295
Author(s):  
A. Yevdokymova ◽  
A. Dehtiarenko ◽  
N. Petrenko
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Electrical Networks ◽  
Energy Network

The paper analyzes the peculiarities of the development of the energy sector in Ukraine, as well as in European countries. Existing approaches to energy production are shown. The situation in Ukraine has changed in recent years. Energy production has shifted from centralized to distributed. The emergence of new types of power plants has made it possible to connect to the grid in places where it was previously impossible, a large number of consumers already have their own power units. Therefore, managing the energy network is becoming increasingly complex and therefore requires new approaches. The normative and legislative beginning of the active development of alternative energy in Ukraine already exists, and European and world experience should help Ukraine achieve energy independence and high environmental standards. Existing problems in the development of power grids arise due to the intensive growth of production and consumption of electricity, while the management of power systems is complicated by the growing share of distributed and renewable energy sources with changing production schedule. Improved controllability of electrical networks allows to prevent emergencies by load control programs, division of the network into autonomous zones, etc. Investment is a crucial factor in creating a flexible and efficient power grid based on innovative technical solutions. Implementation of energy efficiency projects is a guideline for improving the intelligent level of the energy system, which will allow energy companies to manage the energy network as a single system, increase profitability, reliability and uninterrupted, reduce technical and commercial losses, improve network management and efficiency. An important role is played by the interaction of all stakeholders in projects - the state, production, energy and energy sales companies, consumers and equipment manufacturers. Thus, the international experience in the transmission and distribution of electricity creates opportunities for successfully implementing projects for the introduction of energy-efficient technologies in our Ukraine.

scholarly journals Power Quality Services Provided by Virtually Synchronous FACTS

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 3292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Tarraso ◽  
Ngoc-Bao Lai ◽  
Gregory N. Baltas ◽  
Pedro Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power Quality ◽  
Electrical Networks ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Flexible Ac Transmission ◽  
Facts Devices ◽  
Voltage Quality ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Harmonics Flow ◽  
Ac Transmission

The variable and unpredictable behavior of renewable energies impacts the performance of power systems negatively, threatening their stability and hindering their efficient operation. Flexible ac transmission systems (FACTS) devices are able to emulate the connection of parallel and series impedances in the transmission system, which improves the regulation of power systems with a high share of renewables, avoiding congestions, enhancing their response in front of contingencies and, in summary, increasing their utilization and reliability. Proper control of voltage and current under distorted and unbalanced transient grid conditions is one of the most critical issues in the control of FACTS devices to emulate such apparent impedances. This paper describes how the synchronous power controller (SPC) can be used to implement virtually synchronous FACTS. It presents the SPC functionalities, emphasizing in particular the importance of virtual admittance emulation by FACTS devices in order to control transient unbalanced currents during faults and attenuate harmonics. Finally, the results demonstrate the effectiveness of SPC-based FACTS devices in improving power quality of electrical networks. This is a result of their contribution to voltage balancing at point of connection during asymmetrical faults and the improvement of grid voltage quality by controlling harmonics flow.

Conditional Fault Tolerance of Hypermesh Optical Interconnection Networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianyong Li ◽  
Xiaofan Yang ◽  
Li He ◽  
Cui Yu ◽  
Jing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fault Tolerance ◽  
Parallel Processing ◽  
Interconnection Networks ◽  
Optical Interconnection ◽  
Reliability And Availability

Fault tolerance is especially important for interconnection networks, vastly influencing the performance of the parallel processing systems underlying the corresponding networks. This paper studies the fault tolerance of radix-k n-dimensional hypermesh optical interconnection networks, determines the connectivity of partial hypermesh, and derives the conditional connectivity of hypermesh provided that each adjacent set cannot be faulty simultaneously. Under this condition, the hypermesh networks can tolerate up to 2n(k-1)-k-1 fault processors without being disrupted, implying that when the number of dimension n (respectively, radix-k) is a fixed value in the hypermesh network, the larger the value of radix-k (respectively, dimension n) is, the higher the reliability and availability of the network becomes.

scholarly journals Advances in the Application of Machine Learning Techniques for Power System Analytics: A Survey

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4776
Author(s):  
Seyed Mahdi Miraftabzadeh ◽  
Michela Longo ◽  
Federica Foiadelli ◽  
Marco Pasetti ◽  
Raul Igual
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
New Research ◽  
Traditional Approaches

The recent advances in computing technologies and the increasing availability of large amounts of data in smart grids and smart cities are generating new research opportunities in the application of Machine Learning (ML) for improving the observability and efficiency of modern power grids. However, as the number and diversity of ML techniques increase, questions arise about their performance and applicability, and on the most suitable ML method depending on the specific application. Trying to answer these questions, this manuscript presents a systematic review of the state-of-the-art studies implementing ML techniques in the context of power systems, with a specific focus on the analysis of power flows, power quality, photovoltaic systems, intelligent transportation, and load forecasting. The survey investigates, for each of the selected topics, the most recent and promising ML techniques proposed by the literature, by highlighting their main characteristics and relevant results. The review revealed that, when compared to traditional approaches, ML algorithms can handle massive quantities of data with high dimensionality, by allowing the identification of hidden characteristics of (even) complex systems. In particular, even though very different techniques can be used for each application, hybrid models generally show better performances when compared to single ML-based models.

scholarly journals Special Issue: “Wind Power Integration into Power Systems: Stability and Control Aspects”

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3680
Author(s):  
Lasantha Meegahapola ◽  
Siqi Bu
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
Stability And Control ◽  
Wind Power Integration ◽  
And Control

Power network operators are rapidly incorporating wind power generation into their power grids to meet the widely accepted carbon neutrality targets and facilitate the transition from conventional fossil-fuel energy sources to the clean and low-carbon renewable energy sources [...]

scholarly journals Optimal Pricing of Vehicle-to-Grid Services Using Disaggregate Demand Models

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1090
Author(s):  
Charilaos Latinopoulos ◽  
Aruna Sivakumar ◽  
John W. Polak
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Local Distribution ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Vehicle To Grid ◽  
Distribution Transformers ◽  
Demand Models ◽  
Multiple Vehicles ◽  
Infrastructure Investments

The recent revolution in electric mobility is both crucial and promising in the coordinated effort to reduce global emissions and tackle climate change. However, mass electrification brings up new technical problems that need to be solved. The increasing penetration rates of electric vehicles will add an unprecedented energy load to existing power grids. The stability and the quality of power systems, especially on a local distribution level, will be compromised by multiple vehicles that are simultaneously connected to the grid. In this paper, the authors propose a choice-based pricing algorithm to indirectly control the charging and V2G activities of electric vehicles in non-residential facilities. Two metaheuristic approaches were applied to solve the optimization problem, and a comparative analysis was performed to evaluate their performance. The proposed algorithm would result in a significant revenue increase for the parking operator, and at the same time, it could alleviate the overloading of local distribution transformers and postpone heavy infrastructure investments.

Toward Online Control of Local Bifurcation in Power Systems via Network Topology Optimization

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1550167
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
Hsiao-Dong Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Transmission Line ◽  
Network Topology ◽  
Online Control ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Local Bifurcations ◽  
Network Topology Optimization ◽  
Online Methods ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents online methods for controlling local bifurcations of power grids with the goal of increasing bifurcation values (i.e. increasing load margins) via network topology optimization, a low-cost control. In other words, this paper presents online methods for increasing power transfer capability subject to static stability limit via switching transmission line out/in (i.e. disconnecting a transmission line or connecting a transmission line). To illustrate the impact of network topology on local bifurcations, two common local bifurcations, i.e. saddle-node bifurcation and structure-induced bifurcation on small power grids with different network topologies are shown. A three-stage online control methodology of local bifurcations via network topology optimization is presented to delay local bifurcations of power grids. Online methods must meet the challenging requirements of online applications such as the speed requirement (in the order of minutes), accuracy requirement and robustness requirement. The effectiveness of the three-stage methodology for online applications is demonstrated on the IEEE 118-bus and a 1648-bus practical power systems.

Performance Evaluation, Comparison and Identification of Efficient Hypercube Interconnection Networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthik K ◽  
Sudarson Jena ◽  
Venu Gopal T
Keyword(s):  
Interconnection Networks ◽  
Interconnection Network ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Network Cost ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Memory Modules ◽  
Effective Performance ◽  
Twisted Cube ◽  
Hypercube Network

Abstract A Multiprocessor is a system with at least two processing units sharing access to memory. The principle goal of utilizing a multiprocessor is to process the undertakings all the while and support the system’s performance. An Interconnection Network interfaces the various handling units and enormously impacts the exhibition of the whole framework. Interconnection Networks, also known as Multi-stage Interconnection Networks, are node-to-node links in which each node may be a single processor or a group of processors. These links transfer information from one processor to the next or from the processor to the memory, allowing the task to be isolated and measured equally. Hypercube systems are a kind of system geography used to interconnect various processors with memory modules and precisely course the information. Hypercube systems comprise of 2n nodes. Any Hypercube can be thought of as a graph with nodes and edges, where a node represents a processing unit and an edge represents a connection between the processors to transmit. Degree, Speed, Node coverage, Connectivity, Diameter, Reliability, Packet loss, Network cost, and so on are some of the different system scales that can be used to measure the performance of Interconnection Networks. A portion of the variations of Hypercube Interconnection Networks include Hypercube Network, Folded Hypercube Network, Multiple Reduced Hypercube Network, Multiply Twisted Cube, Recursive Circulant, Exchanged Crossed Cube Network, Half Hypercube Network, and so forth. This work assesses the performing capability of different variations of Hypercube Interconnection Networks. A group of properties is recognized and a weight metric is structured utilizing the distinguished properties to assess the performance exhibition. Utilizing this weight metric, the performance of considered variations of Hypercube Interconnection Networks is evaluated and summed up to recognize the effective variant. A compact survey of a portion of the variations of Hypercube systems, geographies, execution measurements, and assessment of the presentation are examined in this paper. Degree and Diameter are considered to ascertain the Network cost. On the off chance that Network Cost is considered as the measurement to assess the exhibition, Multiple Reduced Hypercube stands ideal with its lower cost. Notwithstanding it, on the off chance that we think about some other properties/ scales/metrics to assess the performance, any variant other than MRH may show considerably more ideal execution. The considered properties probably won't be ideally adequate to assess the effective performance of Hypercube variations in all respects. On the off chance that a sensibly decent number of properties are utilized to assess the presentation, a proficient variation of Hypercube Interconnection Network can be distinguished for a wide scope of uses. This is the inspiration to do this research work.

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