scholarly journals Optimal Pricing of Vehicle-to-Grid Services Using Disaggregate Demand Models

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1090
Author(s):  
Charilaos Latinopoulos ◽  
Aruna Sivakumar ◽  
John W. Polak
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Local Distribution ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Vehicle To Grid ◽  
Distribution Transformers ◽  
Demand Models ◽  
Multiple Vehicles ◽  
Infrastructure Investments

The recent revolution in electric mobility is both crucial and promising in the coordinated effort to reduce global emissions and tackle climate change. However, mass electrification brings up new technical problems that need to be solved. The increasing penetration rates of electric vehicles will add an unprecedented energy load to existing power grids. The stability and the quality of power systems, especially on a local distribution level, will be compromised by multiple vehicles that are simultaneously connected to the grid. In this paper, the authors propose a choice-based pricing algorithm to indirectly control the charging and V2G activities of electric vehicles in non-residential facilities. Two metaheuristic approaches were applied to solve the optimization problem, and a comparative analysis was performed to evaluate their performance. The proposed algorithm would result in a significant revenue increase for the parking operator, and at the same time, it could alleviate the overloading of local distribution transformers and postpone heavy infrastructure investments.

scholarly journals A Novel Charging and Discharging Algorithm of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles Considering Vehicle-to-Grid and Photovoltaic Generation

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Ahmed Aljanad ◽  
Azah Mohamed ◽  
Tamer Khatib ◽  
Afida Ayob ◽  
Hussain Shareef
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Photovoltaic Generation ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Vehicle To Grid ◽  
Fast Charging ◽  
The Impact

Considering, the high penetration of plug-in electric vehicles (PHEVs), the charging and discharging of PHEVs may lead to technical problems on electricity distribution networks. Therefore, the management of PHEV charging and discharging needs to be addressed to coordinate the time of PHEVs so as to be charged or discharged. This paper presents a management control method called the charging and discharging control algorithm (CDCA) to determine when and which of the PHEVs can be activated to consume power from the grid or supply power back to grid through the vehicle-to-grid technology. The proposed control algorithm considers fast charging scenario and photovoltaic generation during peak load to mitigate the impact of the vehicles. One of the important parameters considered in the CDCA is the PHEV battery state of charge (SOC). To predict the PHEV battery SOC, a particle swarm optimization-based artificial neural network is developed. Results show that the proposed CDCA gives better performance as compared to the uncoordinated charging method of vehicles in terms of maintaining the bus voltage profile during fast charging.

scholarly journals Analysis of flexibility of power systems as the method for analyzing a power system security in modern conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 01026
Author(s):  
Alexey Osak ◽  
Elena Buzina
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
System Reliability ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Small Power ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
Mass Construction

In modern conditions, when there is a mass construction of small power plants based on renewable sources, the installation of power storage devices is gaining pace, consumers ' electrical installations are being modified, they are becoming adaptive and intelligent, there is a process of mass appearance of electric vehicles, and a revision of traditional provisions in the field of system reliability of power systems is required. Scientific research in the field of EPS flexibility has recently been intensified, and this flexibility is considered in a fairly broad setting. It is important to note that the issues of EPS flexibility are not new, but the term “flexibility” was not used to refer to this issue before, although all the main issues were considered within the framework of the topic of system reliability and development of EES, and the issue of continuity of modern research with previous scientific research and existing scientific results is important. Traditionally, one of the aspects of system reliability has been the power security of the EPS, which refers to the ability of the system to withstand sudden disturbances without unintended impacts on electricity consumers. At the same time, the analysis of power security was mainly performed only in the volume of the system-forming power gird of the EPS. For the power systems of the future, the importance of power security increases significantly, but as an analysis of the power security of the system-forming and distribution power grids together.

scholarly journals A Chronological Literature Review of Electric Vehicle Interactions with Power Distribution Systems

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3016
Author(s):  
Andrés Arias-Londoño ◽  
Oscar Danilo Montoya ◽  
Luis Fernando Grisales-Noreña
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electricity Markets ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Systematic Classification ◽  
Vehicle To Grid

In the last decade, the deployment of electric vehicles (EVs) has been largely promoted. This development has increased challenges in the power systems in the context of planning and operation due to the massive amount of recharge needed for EVs. Furthermore, EVs may also offer new opportunities and can be used to support the grid to provide auxiliary services. In this regard, and considering the research around EVs and power grids, this paper presents a chronological background review of EVs and their interactions with power systems, particularly electric distribution networks, considering publications from the IEEE Xplore database. The review is extended from 1973 to 2019 and is developed via systematic classification using key categories that describe the types of interactions between EVs and power grids. These interactions are in the framework of the power quality, study of scenarios, electricity markets, demand response, demand management, power system stability, Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) concept, and optimal location of battery swap and charging stations.

Application of Plug-In Electric Vehicles and Controllable Loads to Frequency Regulation

2012 ◽  
Vol 588-589 ◽  
pp. 1640-1643
Author(s):  
Shu Lei Deng ◽  
Bao Ping Liu ◽  
An Jun Li ◽  
Xiong Zhou ◽  
Yu Xiang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Feedback Control ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Battery Charging ◽  
Vehicle To Grid ◽  
Simulation Results

High renewable energy penetration in power systems may bring a series of problems such as frequency fluctuations. Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) and controllable loads have been shifting into focus for this. A dynamic vehicle-to-grid (V2G) model with feedback control is proposed by considering the battery charging/discharging characteristics and the dynamic model of frequency regulation with PEVs and controllable loads for a single area is established. Simulation results demonstrate that the application of PEVs and controllable loads can relief the frequency refutation due to the randomness of renewable energy sources.

A new intelligent method for optimal coordination of vehicle-to-grid plug-in electric vehicles in power systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 1291-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad-Reza Akbari-Zadeh ◽  
Farzaneh Kavousi-Fard ◽  
Rasool Hoseinzadeh ◽  
Aliasghar Baziar ◽  
Sadreddin Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Vehicle To Grid ◽  
Optimal Coordination

Asynchronous Method for Frequency Regulation by Dispersed Plug-in Electric Vehicles

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonghong Kuang ◽  
Canbing Li ◽  
Bin Zhou ◽  
Yijia Cao ◽  
Hanyu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Electric Power Systems ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Vehicle To Grid ◽  
Electrical Vehicles ◽  
Asynchronous Method ◽  
Control Centre ◽  
Electrical Vehicle ◽  
Simulation Results

Abstract:Plug-in electrical vehicles (PEVs) can participate in frequency regulation (FR) in electric power systems under the framework of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology. With a growing number of electrical vehicles (EVs), a greater number of distributed electrical vehicle (EV) chargers may change charge or discharge power simultaneously to participate in FR, resulting in over response. In this paper, considering the over-response and equality issues, an asynchronous method for dispersed PEVs participation in FR is proposed. PEVs participate in FR with the same set of parameters. Over-response can be avoided during the process of FR. Equality enables the dispersed PEVs to participate in FR with the same probability. The presented method empowers PEVs to actively participate in FR without a control centre or a communication network. Simulation results demonstrate the validity of the presented method in different operational scenarios.

Decentralized Charging of Plug-In Electric Vehicles Using Lagrange Relaxation Method at the Residential Transformer Level

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaolun Xu ◽  
Zheng Yan ◽  
Xiaobo Zhao ◽  
Liang Zhang ◽  
Donghan Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Relaxation Method ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Management Problem ◽  
Lagrange Relaxation ◽  
Distribution Transformers ◽  
Decentralized Scheduling

Abstract The expected rise of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) will lead to a significant additional demand on low voltage distribution systems, and PEVs can challenge power quality and reliability of power systems if their charging is not coordinated. The PEV aggregator, acting as an intermedium between customers and the grid operator, can solve the charging management problem effectively. In this study, a decentralized scheduling scheme of aggregators for PEV charging based on Lagrange Relaxation method is proposed. At the same time, a centralized model of aggregators is also formulated in the same situation in order to make comparisons with the proposed scheme. The two charging models are both aimed at maximizing the charging profit of PEV aggregators considering constraints including users’ electricity demand, charging time, available capacity of distribution transformers, etc. A number of charging scenarios are simulated to evaluate the proposed method. The economic benefits, computational complexity and efficiency are compared and analyzed between the centralized charging and the decentralized charging. Simulation results verify that the decentralized charging strategy based on Lagrange Relaxation method gains charging profit close to the centralized charging yet is more efficient and realizable than the centralized charging.

The Influence of Electric Vehicles Charging and Discharging on Power Grid

2014 ◽  
Vol 978 ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Lin Li
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
System Operation ◽  
Vehicle To Grid ◽  
Charging Control ◽  
Grid Operation ◽  
Generation Dispatch ◽  
The Impact

With the popularization and application of electric vehicles, charging and discharging load will bring new challenges to safe and stable operation of the power grids. Charging and discharging control is becoming an important power system operation strategy as well as generation dispatch. A volume of research has been devoted to charging control (including vehicle-to-grid, so-called V2G) which can not only alleviate the adverse effects of charging load but also support the grid operation such as leveling the load and promoting the integration of renewable generation. This paper analyzes the impact of electric vehicles charging and discharging on the power system.

scholarly journals Electric Vehicles as Electricity Storages in Electric Power Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-72
Author(s):  
Vlado Popović ◽  
Borut Jereb ◽  
Milorad Kilibarda ◽  
Milan Andrejić ◽  
Abolfazl Keshavarzsaleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Electric Power Systems ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Practical Realization ◽  
Vehicle To Grid ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
Battery Technology

Abstract Improvements in battery technology make electric vehicles more and more suitable for the use as electricity storages. Many benefits could be achieved by using electric vehicles for storing electricity in their batteries. This paper talks about the idea of electric vehicles as electricity storages in electric power systems. The idea has a great number of supporters, but also a significant part of the professional community believes that is unfeasible. This paper is not classified in either side and strives to give a realistic picture of this idea. For this purpose, findings from papers published in scientific journals are mainly used. There is also some information from websites, mainly for some technical issues. Partly, the opinions of the authors are present. Specificities of EVs and EPSs that enabled the birth of this idea are explained along with proposed concepts through which the idea can be implemented. Keeping with the vehicle to grid concept, issues about the implementation of the idea are considered. Achievements in the practical realization of the idea are also presented.

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