scholarly journals Prolonged Diuretic and Renoprotective Effects of a Xanthone Obtained from Garcinia achachairu Rusby in Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Luísa Nathália Bolda Mariano ◽  
Thaise Boeing ◽  
Valdir Cechinel Filho ◽  
Rivaldo Niero ◽  
Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Urinary Volume ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Urinary Ph ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Ph Values

The previous study showed that 1,5,8-trihydroxy-4′,5′-dimethyl-2H-pyrano(2,3 : 3,2)-4-(3-methylbut-2-enyl) xanthone (TDP) obtained from Garcinia achachairu Rusby (Clusiaceae) branches induces acute diuresis in normotensive (NTR) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) after 8 h of the experiment. In complementarity, the present study evaluated the prolonged diuretic and renoprotective effects of TDP in both NTR and SHR. The animals received, once a day, oral treatment with TDP (0.1 mg/kg), hydrochlorothiazide (10 mg/kg), or vehicle (VEH; 10 mL/kg). At the end of 7 days, the urine, blood, and kidney samples were collected for biochemical and histological analyzes. The urinary volume of both NTR and SHR after 7 days of treatment with the TDP was significantly increased, associated with augmented urinary electrolyte excretion levels. The treatments did not modify the urinary pH values nor the parameters analyzed in plasma (Na+, K+, Cl−, and Ca2+). Concerning the renal analyzes, when compared with the VEH-treated NTR group, while the activity of the enzymes catalase (CAT) and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), as well as nitrite levels, were increased, the generation of lipid hydroperoxides and the activity of the enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) were unaltered. On the other hand, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) in kidney homogenates of the SHR group were decreased. However, TDP augmented the levels of GSH and GST activities and reduced the levels of nitrite and the activities of CAT and MPO, when compared with VEH-treated only SHR. Besides, the treatment with TDP alleviated the morphological changes of the renal corpuscle region of SHR. Together, these results revealed the prolonged diuretic effect of TDP and their renal protective effect by improving the antioxidative capacity.

scholarly journals The effects of supraphysiological supplementation of b-carotene in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR and SHR-sp)

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 351-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stênio Karlos Alvim Fiorelli ◽  
Lúcia Marques Vianna ◽  
Carlos Alberto Basílio de Oliveira ◽  
Rossano Kepler Alvim Fiorelli ◽  
Bernardo Cunha Senra Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive

Objective: to investigate the effect of administration of supraphysiological âcaroteno on biological parameters (ectoscopy and blood pressure), laboratory (malondialdehyde) and histological (liver and carotid arteries) of spontaneously hypertensive rats prone to stroke (SHR-sp).Methods: we used 36 male rats were divided into three groups, each containing 12 rats Wistar, SHR and SHR-sp, subdivided into six control animals and six animals treated with supraphysiological doses of âcaroteno for two periods of ten weeks interspersed with one week interruption. In the experiment were assessed daily physical examination and blood pressure (plethysmography). At sacrifice, blood was collected for measurement of serum malondialdehyde, liver and carotid arteries for histological examination.Results: temporary change in color of the fur, decreased significantly (p<0.0001) blood pressure (20mg supplementation âcaroteno) and serum levels of malondialdehyde (p<0.05) and increased amount of elastic fibers in the carotid wall of SHR and SHR-sp.Conclusion: supplementation of supraphysiological âcaroteno caused no toxic effects, showed positive response in the modulation of blood pressure and lower serum malondialdehyde. No significant morphological changes were found in both groups, except an increase in the number of elastic fibers in the muscle layer carotid suggesting elastosis in SHR and SHR-sp.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF LEPTIN ADMINISTRATION ON RENAL FUNCTION IN SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Brinnell Annette Caszo ◽  
Azdayanti Muslim ◽  
Zanariah Awang ◽  
Effat Omar ◽  
Effendi Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β1 ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Tgf Β1

ABSTRACTObjective: Elevated levels of leptin may be responsible directly for progression and severity of renal disease in obesity and hypertension. It may exertits effects by promoting fibrosis through the actions of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and the Smad pathway. This study determines theeffect of leptin administration on the development of renal fibrosis in nonobese spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs).Methods: Male SHRs, aged 12-14 weeks, were injected with either leptin (60 µg/kg/day) or saline (for the control group) subcutaneously daily for42 days. At the end of the experimental period, animals were euthanized and their kidneys were removed. The right kidney was harvested for thedetermination of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of TGF-β1, Smad2, Smad3, and bone morphogenic protein 7 (BMP7). The left kidneyswere stored in neutral buffered 10% formalin until they were processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Prepared slides were examinedunder light microscopy. 30 consecutive glomeruli were examined for the cell counts based on the number of nuclei seen and the total area of glomeruli.Results: No significant difference was evident in renal function between control and leptin-treated rats. Cellularity and area of glomeruli were also notdifferent between the two groups. mRNA expression of TGF-β1, Smad2, and BMP7 were, however, higher in leptin-treated rats.Conclusion: It appears that 6 weeks of leptin administration increases renal TGF-β1 and Smad2 levels but with little morphological changes in thekidney. Whether the elevated BMP7 expression was responsible for lack of effect of leptin on renal morphological changes remains unclear.Keywords: Leptin, Renal function, Hypertension, Glomerulus, Transforming growth factor-β1, Smad, Spontaneously hypertensive rats.

scholarly journals Acute renal denervation normalizes aortic function and decreases blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalia Juocys Dias Moreira ◽  
Fernando dos Santos ◽  
Edson Dias Moreira ◽  
Daniela Farah ◽  
Leandro Eziquiel de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Renal Denervation ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Urinary Volume ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Sham Surgery ◽  
Acute Responses

AbstractMechanisms involved in the acute responses to renal denervation (RDN) have yet to be fully understood. We assessed urinary volume, autonomic control and aorta vascular reactivity after acute RDN. Male normotensive Wistar rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were divided into normotensive + RDN (ND) or sham surgery (NS), and hypertensive + RDN (HD) or sham surgery (HS). Metabolic parameters and hemodynamic measurements were recorded 72h and 4 days after intervention, respectively. Aortic rings were studied 7 days post RDN in an isometric myograph. Concentration–response curves to phenylephrine, sodium nitroprusside and acetylcholine (10–10–10−5 M) were performed. Two-way ANOVA was used for group comparisons and differences reported when p < 0.05. Results are presented as mean ± SEM. Urinary volume was 112% higher in HD vs. HS (HS = 14.94 ± 2.5 mL; HD = 31.69 ± 2.2 mL) and remained unchanged in normotensive rats. Systolic BP was lower in HD rats (HS = 201 ± 12 vs. HD = 172 ± 3 mmHg) without changes in normotensive group. HD group showed increased HF and LF modulation (HS = 5.8 ± 0.7 ms2vs. HD = 13.4 ± 1.4 ms2; HS = 3.5 ± 0.7 ms2vs. HD = 10.5 ± 1.7 ms2, respectively). RDN normalized vascular reactivity in HD rats and increased phenylephrine response in ND rats. Acute fall in BP induced by RDN is associated with increased urinary volume, which in turn may also have contributed to functional changes of the aorta.

Abstract 363: Recovery of Exercise Intolerance and Ventricular Dysfunction of Infarcted Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats After Oral Treatment With an Agonist of Adenosine Receptor

2015 ◽  
Vol 117 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaqueline S da Silva ◽  
Roberto T Sudo ◽  
Roberto Debom ◽  
Eliezer J Barreiro ◽  
Carlos A Fraga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Ventricular Dysfunction ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Exercise Intolerance ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive

Severe ventricular dysfunction is observed in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) submitted to myocardial infarction (MI). The present work evaluates the cardioprotective effects of oral administration of a novel agonist of adenosine A2A receptor, LASSBio-294, in infarcted SHR. Methods: Male SHR (12-14 wks old) were randomly divided into groups: sham and infarcted (MI) which were either treated orally with vehicle or LASSBio-294 (10 mg/kg) for 28 days. Before and after the animals were treated with LASSBio-294, cardiac function and exercise capacity were evaluated through the echocardiography and treadmill test. Mean blood pressure (MBP), left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and negative dP/dt were also determined. Fibrosis in heart sections were detected using H&E staining. Immunohistochemical staining for TNF-alpha and SERCA2a in LV tissues were observed. Results: MI in SHR reduced the running distance from 257.9 ± 13.2 to 39.0 ± 4.4 m which normalized to 296.0 ± 26.4 m after treatment with LASSBio-294. Reduced anterior wall thickness was observed after MI (0.51 ± 0.14 mm) which was prevented with treatment (1.65 ± 0.21 mm). Ratio of early and late transmitral filling velocity was reduced from 1.48 ± 0.09 to 0.99 ± 0.04 and recovered to 1.35 ± 0.07 after treatment. MBP was reduced from 169.0 ± 5.6 to 120.4 ± 7.4 mmHg in SHR-IM treated with LASSBio-294. Increased LVEDP of 25.6 ± 3.2 observed in SHR-IM was reduced to 7.3 ± 1.0 mmHg after treatment. The -dP/dt was reduced in SHR-MI to -5698 ± 408.1 mmHg/s and returned to -7894 ± 631.6 mmHg/s after LASSBio-294 treatment. There was an increase in collagen deposition after MI (from 14.5 ± 3.5 to 59.8 ± 5.4 %) which was prevented with LASSBio-294 treatment (29.5 ± 2.2 %). Increase of positive staining for TNF-α was observed in SHR-MI (from 9.5 ± 1.0 to 32.3 ± 2.1%) which recovered in SHR-MI treated group (14.4 ± 1.3%). Also, the expression of SERCA2a was reduced in ventricular muscle from SHR-IM (from 68.7 ± 5.1 to 21.4 ± 2.3 %) which partially recovered to 40.6 ± 1.19% with LASSBio-294 treatment. Conclusion: LASSBio-294 reduced exercise intolerance, prevented cardiac remodeling and diastolic dysfunction in infarcted SHR.

Glutathione, an Antioxidant Tripeptide: Dual Roles in Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 907-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arunaksharan Narayanankutty ◽  
Joice Tom Job ◽  
Vinayak Narayanankutty
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Buthionine Sulfoximine ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Dual Roles ◽  
Cellular Survival

Glutathione (GSH or reduced glutathione) is a tripeptide of gamma-Glutamyl-cysteinylglycine and the predominant intracellular antioxidant in many organisms including humans. GSH and associated enzymes are controlled by a transcription factor-nuclear factor-2 related erythroid factor-2 (Nrf2). In cellular milieu, GSH protects the cells essentially against a wide variety of free radicals including reactive oxygen species, lipid hydroperoxides, xenobiotic toxicants, and heavy metals. It has two forms, the reduced form or reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized form (GSSG), where two GSH moieties combine by sulfhydryl bonds. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) essentially perform the detoxification reactions using GSH, converting it into GSSG. Glutathione reductase (GR) operates the salvage pathway by converting GSSG to GSH with the expense of NADPH and restores the cellular GSH pool. Hence, GSH and GSH-dependent enzymes are necessary for maintaining the normal redox balance in the body and help in cell survival under stress conditions. In addition, GST removes various carcinogenic compounds offering a chemopreventive property, whereas the GSH system plays a significant role in regulating the cellular survival by offering redox stability in a variety of cancers including prostate, lung, breast, and colon cancer. Studies have also indicated that GSH inhibitors, such as buthionine sulfoximine, improve the chemo-sensitivity in cancer cells. In addition, GSH and dependent enzymes provide a survival advantage for cancer cells against chemotherapeutic drugs and radiotherapy.

scholarly journals Morphological changes in cavernous tissue in spontaneously hypertensive rats

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 686-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Toblli ◽  
I. Stella ◽  
F. Inserra ◽  
L. Ferder ◽  
F. Zeller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Cavernous Tissue
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