Effect of Infrastructure Investment and Freight Accessibility on Gross Domestic Product: A Data-Driven Geographical Approach

Freight transportation can be defined as the movement of goods and services to customers to obtain a monetary reward. Poor quality transport infrastructure implies higher travelling times and costs. This indirectly affects the productivity of a region since transportation costs are directly related to sales prices. Therefore, infrastructure investments become important for improving the competitiveness of a region. The problem with these investments is that they take time and require a large amount of money. Consequently, it is extremely important to prioritise this type of investment. This paper will first explain whether transportation investment or a sustainable transportation method affect the exported freight accessibility and if it also affects regional productivity using a linear regression model with the aid of a data-driven geographical information system. It uses spatial separation, gravity, and cumulative opportunity measures to calculate accessibility. Finally, the paper denotes which regions are highly affected by improvements in road, river, and railway networks using Colombia as a case study. The comparison considers travelling time and costs savings under each scenario. The results indicate that the gravity measure was the most appropriate accessibility measure for analysing the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The scenario analyses suggest that zones farthest from the seaports are more sensitive to accessibility changes; consequently, they will receive higher improvements in their regional GDP with a national-level implementation of transport infrastructure investments. Thus, project prioritisation should be performed in regions where the investments lead to a decreased travel cost between regions and ports.

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Factors influencing medical travel into the United States

International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing ◽

10.1108/ijphm-02-2013-0004 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 118-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Tricia J. Johnson ◽

Jaymie S. Youngquist ◽

Andy N. Garman ◽

Samuel Hohmann ◽

Paola R. Cieslak

Keyword(s):

Gross Domestic Product ◽

United Nations ◽

International Medical ◽

Data Driven ◽

Domestic Product ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Content Type ◽

Medical Travel ◽

Country Level ◽

The Usa

Purpose – This paper aims to evaluate the potential of 24 country-level measures for predicting the number of outbound international medical travelers into the USA, including health and healthcare system, economic, social and diplomatic and travel pattern factors. Medical travel is recognized as a growing global market and is an important subject of inquiry for US academic medical centers, hospitals and policy makers. Few data-driven studies exist to shed light on efficient and effective strategies for attracting international medical travelers. Design/methodology/approach – This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study of the 194 member and/or observer countries of the United Nations. Data for medical traveler volume into the USA between 2008 and 2010 were obtained from the USA Department of Commerce, Office of Travel and Tourism Industries, Survey of International Air Travelers. Data on country-level factors were collected from publicly available databases, including the United Nations, World Bank and World Health Organization. Linear regression models with a negative binomial distribution and log link function were fit to test the association between each independent variable and the number of inbound medical travelers to the USA. Findings – Seven of the 24 country-level factors were significantly associated with the number of outbound medical travelers to the USA These factors included imports as a per cent of gross domestic product, trade in services as a per cent of gross domestic product, per cent of population living in urban areas, life expectancy, childhood mortality, incidence of tuberculosis and prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus. Practical implications – Results of this model provide evidence for a data-driven approach to strategic outreach and business development for hospitals and policy makers for attracting international patients to the USA for medical care. Originality/value – The model developed in this paper can assist US hospitals in promoting their services to international patients as well as national efforts in identifying “high potential” medical travel markets. Other countries could also adapt this methodology for targeting the international patient market.

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE NUMBER OF TOURISTS ARRIVED IN ROMANIA'S DEVELOPMENT REGIONS AND THE GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT

CACTUS ◽

10.24818/cts/3/2021/1.02 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mirea Cosmin Nicolae ◽

Sârbu Alexandra Maria ◽

Ionescu Andra Maria

Keyword(s):

Gross Domestic Product ◽

Data Processing ◽

Considerable Increase ◽

National Level ◽

Regression Method ◽

Domestic Product ◽

The South ◽

Development Region ◽

Statistical Program ◽

The Relationship

At national level, the contribution of tourism to the formation of the Gross Domestic Product is quite significant, considering the year 2019, when the contribution of tourism was 6.1% (World Travel & Tourism Council, 2021). Thus, the connection between tourism and Gross Domestic Product is indisputable. The purpose of this study is to find out the influence of the number of tourists arriving in the development regions of Romania on the Gross Domestic Product. The regression method was applied for data processing, using the statistical program EViews. The highest increase in the Gross Domestic Product, depending on the increase in the number of tourists, is registered in the South-Muntenia Development Region, and the smallest increase is registered in the Bucharest-Ilfov Development Region. The results show that a large number of tourists does not necessarily mean generating a considerable increase in Gross Domestic Product.

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Personality Traits and Memory: A Multilevel Analysis Across 27 Countries From the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe

Psychological Science ◽

10.1177/0956797621993101 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 095679762199310

Author(s):

Martina Luchetti ◽

Antonio Terracciano ◽

Yannick Stephan ◽

Damaris Aschwanden ◽

Angelina R. Sutin

Keyword(s):

Gross Domestic Product ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Emotional Disorders ◽

Memory Performance ◽

National Level ◽

Domestic Product ◽

Socioeconomic Indicators ◽

Older Adulthood ◽

Sleeping Problems ◽

Resource Substitution

Personality traits are associated with memory in older adulthood: Individuals higher in conscientiousness and openness and lower in neuroticism tend to perform better on memory-recall tasks. We conducted a preregistered study to replicate these associations in a large, multinational cohort and test whether the associations varied by national-level socioeconomic indicators (e.g., per capita gross domestic product). Multilevel modeling was used to analyze data from 71,566 individuals (age: M = 67.9 years, SD = 9.5; 57% women) across 26 European countries and Israel. Higher conscientiousness, openness, and extraversion and lower neuroticism were associated with better memory performance, even when analyses accounted for risk factors including diabetes, hypertension, obesity, emotional disorders, and sleeping problems. Consistent with the resource-substitution hypothesis, results showed that higher conscientiousness and agreeableness and lower neuroticism were associated with better memory in countries with lower gross domestic product. This pattern suggests that psychological (trait) resources may help compensate for country-specific disadvantaged contexts.

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Last of the green: identifying priority sites to prevent plant extinctions in Brazil

Oryx ◽

10.1017/s0030605315001064 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 131-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Milena F. Diniz ◽

Tatiel V. Gonçalves ◽

Daniel Brito

Keyword(s):

Gross Domestic Product ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

National Level ◽

Domestic Product ◽

Convention On Biological Diversity ◽

Anthropogenic Pressure ◽

Priority Species ◽

Brazilian Flora ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Human Density

AbstractThe identification and protection of Alliance for Zero Extinction sites at the national level is of great importance to safeguard biodiversity and achieve the targets of the Convention on Biological Diversity for 2020. Here we identify priority species and sites for the Brazilian flora. We evaluated the protection status of each site, taking into account whether or not it was located within a protected area, and the anthropogenic pressure on the site, using human density and gross domestic product as surrogates. We identified a total of 234 trigger species at 140 sites. Most of the sites are located in the Atlantic Forest and the Cerrado; only 21 are within protected areas. There was no relationship of human density and annual gross domestic product per capita with the level of site protection. The low proportion of Alliance for Zero Extinction sites protected shows that Brazil is lagging behind in global conservation efforts to protect such sites.

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The development of the transport sector of the economy of Russia in conditions of globalization

E-Management ◽

10.26425/2658-3445-2018-2-20-29 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 20-29

Author(s):

I. N. Golyshkova ◽

V. V. Lobachev ◽

P. V. Metelkin

Keyword(s):

Gross Domestic Product ◽

Foreign Trade ◽

World Economy ◽

Digital Technologies ◽

Transport Infrastructure ◽

Domestic Product ◽

Transport Sector ◽

Determining Factors ◽

The World ◽

Transport Industry

The article assesses the impact of modern trends of globalization of the world economy through the introduction of advanced technologies of production and sales. One of the determining factors in the development of the world economy, the onset of a new technological revolution is the use of digital technologies not only in the production of the final product, but also in the daily life of people. The development of the global data transmission infrastructure based on advanced information and communication technologies leads to the blurring of the boundaries of regional markets. National markets are increasingly becoming elements of the global world market, and the volume of export-import operations significantly affects the size of any country’s gross domestic product. The paper shows the tendency of the digital economy influence on the gross domestic product of Russia and the leading economies of the world. One of the determining factors in the development of regional and world markets is the transport infrastructure of the countries participating in international trade.The analysis of trade turnover of Russia in the framework of foreign trade operations with the main economic partner has been conducted. The influence of foreign trade operations on the development of international transport corridors, as well as the main problems of the transport industry of the country has been designated. The characteristic of container transportation volumes as the basis of international intermodal freight transportation has been given. In modern conditions, one of the most important factors determining the efficiency of the transport industry is the rationalization of logistics processes and management systems based on digitalization. The article identifies the main problems of development and possible directions of digitalization of the transport and logistics industry, the rating of the leading information technological companies implementing modern digital technologies in transport has been given, the dynamics of volumes of introduction of information technological solutions in 2016–2017 has been shown.

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DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL DIFFERENCES OF SLOVAK HIGHER TERRITORIAL UNITS IN YEARS 2009-2018

10.31410/eman.2021.25 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kristína Jánošková ◽

◽

Barbora Jánošková ◽

Dagmar Petrušová ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Gross Domestic Product ◽

Regional Differences ◽

Slovak Republic ◽

National Level ◽

Regional Disparities ◽

Regional Level ◽

Domestic Product ◽

The European Union ◽

Per Capita

The establishment of the regional level in Slovakia was one of the conditions for our accession to the European Union. Its real creation took place in the Slovak Republic two years before the accession to the European Community. Despite the efforts of the Cohesion Policy of the European Union to reduce regional disparities across the member states of the EU, at the regional level of the Slovak Republic, it is possible to constantly monitor differences in the development of the regions. Their elimination is the main objective of Slovak regional policy. The representatives of the national level use the European Union’s support policy to gradually reduce or eliminate the regional disparities. This policy offers the possibility of drawing financial resources from several funds. The indicator of differences in regional development is the regional gross domestic product per capita. By monitoring and analysing its evolution over several years, it is possible to see whether disparities at the regional level are being reduced or, on the contrary, are deepening. In the following article, to determine the current state of regional differences, we present the development of regional disparities of Slovak higher territorial units in 2009-2018 through monitored data on regional gross domestic product per capita at current prices.

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Gross domestic product and its place in the state’s economic growth

Socio-Economic Research Bulletin ◽

10.33987/vsed.3-4(74-75).2020.58-72 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 58-72

Author(s):

Victoria Kovalenko

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Gross Domestic Product ◽

Purchasing Power Parity ◽

External Debt ◽

Transport Infrastructure ◽

Domestic Product ◽

Positive Trend ◽

Power Parity ◽

Peak Period ◽

Real Gross Domestic Product

The article analyzes the dynamics of changes in gross domestic product of Ukraine and other countries of the world during 1991–2019. The role of gross domestic product in the country’s economic growth is determined. The current level of gross domestic product of Ukraine in comparison with other countries has been defined. Gross domestic product indicator by purchasing power parity per capita (real gross domestic product) was used for comparative analyses. Attention is focused on the fact that both in Ukraine and in a number of European countries there is a positive trend regarding its growth. It is established that the functioning of the shadow economy, along with the legal one, leads to a significant reduction in the share of tax revenues in the structure of the country’s budget revenues, which endangers the implementation of important government programs. Assessment of gross domestic product by categories of final consumption and income has been carried out. It has been proven that the main burden of losses from the economic downturn is shifted to employees. A decrease in gross domestic product leads to a reduction in the share of wages. The dynamics of indicators of the ratio of internal and external debt to gross domestic product for the period 2006–2019 is analyzed. It is established that the peak period, which poses a threat to Ukraine’s ability to fulfill its obligations, falls on 2015–2017. It has been substantiated that the growth of real gross domestic product in Ukraine is insignificant. External and internal reasons for the slow growth of real gross domestic product are determined, in particular: a high level of corruption; war in the East; growth of inflation, NBU discount rate; low investment attractiveness of domestic enterprises; growth of external debt; deterioration of transport infrastructure; poor economic dynamics; lack of a country development strategy. The directions of solving the negative situation that has developed in the country are given, and the ways of increasing the growth rate of the gross domestic product are proposed

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Tax Compliance at National Level

Studia Universitatis „Vasile Goldis” Arad – Economics Series ◽

10.2478/sues-2018-0006 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Petre Brezeanu ◽

Florin Dumiter ◽

Rodica Ghiur ◽

Silvia Paula Todor

Keyword(s):

Gross Domestic Product ◽

Labor Productivity ◽

National Level ◽

Influence Factors ◽

Tax Compliance ◽

Domestic Product ◽

Tax Rate ◽

Fiscal Behavior ◽

Per Capita ◽

The Impact

Abstract Throughout this study, we have shown the influence factors generating a significant impact on taxpayers’ tax behavior. We also analyzed the literature in the field, and the categories of factors that have a significant influence. Consequently, we have assigned a macroeconomic indicator in Romania, in an attempt to quantify the factors of influence. In this regard, we have built an econometric model of multifactorial regression and we have determined the impact of some elements such as: poverty, labor productivity, population confidence in state authorities, gross domestic product per capita on fiscal behavior, which was estimated through the proxy variable: tax rate. The empirical results obtained as a result of the multiple regression showed that there is a negative correlation between the fiscal behavior of the taxpayer, namely the tax compliance and the financial capacity, the labor productivity and the confidence the taxpayer has in the state authorities, while the behavior of the taxpayer the gross domestic product per capita we identify a positive correlation.

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