scholarly journals Pharmacological Evaluation of the Bronchorelaxant Effect of Waltheria indica L. (Malvaceae) Extracts on Rat Trachea

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Rainatou Boly ◽  
Zakaline Yabre ◽  
Mathieu Nitiema ◽  
Boubacar Yaro ◽  
Jules Yoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relaxation Effect ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Relaxant Effect ◽  
K Channels ◽  
Rat Trachea ◽  
Isolated Rat

Waltheria indica L. (Malvaceae) is a plant used in Burkina Faso for the treatment of various ailments including asthma. The aim of the study was to evaluate the pharmacological relaxant effect of the leafy stem extracts of Waltheria indica and thereby verify claim of use in treating asthma. Aqueous decoction and hydroalcoholic extracts obtained from the powdered leafy stems were screened for the presence of some phytoconstituents. The in vitro relaxant effect of the two extracts was evaluated on acetylcholine- (ACh 10−5 M) and potassium chloride- (KCl 6 × 10−2 M) induced contractions on rat-isolated tracheal preparations. To examine whether the potassium (K+) channels are involved in the relaxant effect, glibenclamide, an ATP-sensitive potassium channel inhibitor, was used. Moreover, to assess the safety of the extracts, acute oral toxicity was carried out on mice. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, triterpenoids, tannins, and coumarins in the hydroalcoholic extract. Tannins, steroids, triterpenoids, and coumarins were not detected in the aqueous decoction. With respective EC50 values of 1.517 ± 0.002 mg/mL and 1.433 ± 0.001 mg/mL on ACh-and KCl-provoked contractions, the hydroalcoholic extract was found more potent in relaxing the isolated rat tracheal preparations compared to the aqueous decoction. In the presence of glibenclamide, the relaxant effect of the hydroalcoholic extract (EC50 = 0.191 ± 0.002 mg/mL) increased and was higher than that of the aqueous decoction. At dose of 5000 mg/kg of body weight, the extracts did not produce deaths or any significant changes in the general behavior of mice. The results suggest that different mechanisms including modulation of calcium and potassium channels, particularly the ATP-sensitive K+ channels, could be involved in the relaxation effect. These findings could justify the traditional use of W. indica in the management of asthma.

Effect of Boswellia serrata on Rat Trachea Contractility In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
Wafaa Ahmed Hewedy
Keyword(s):  
Taste Receptor ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Boswellia Serrata ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Relaxant Effect ◽  
Airway Diseases ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Rat Trachea

Background: Boswellia serrata (family Burseraceae) has been traditionally used for the treatment of a wide variety of diseases as arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, and airway diseases. However, the direct bronchodilator efficacy of Boswellia serrata hasn’t been explored yet. Objective: We aimed at the present study to evaluate the direct effect of Boswellia serrata extract (BSE) on isolated rat tracheal preparations precontracted with either Acetylcholine (ACh) or potassium chloride (KCl). Methods: Tracheal rings were prepared from male Wistar rats (200-250 g). BSE (1-200 μg/ml) was added to tracheal strips precontracted with either ACh or KCl and the response was observed. We also investigated the consequences of epithelial denudation, indomethacin, and N-Nitro-L-arginine on the relaxant effect of BSE as compared to that of the β-adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline, or the bitter taste receptor (TAS2R) agonist denatonium benzoate. Finally, the possible additive effects of BSE to isoprenaline or denatonium-induced relaxation were evaluated. Results: By using a set of serial dosing and washout experiments with tracheal rings, results showed that exposure to BSE resulted into a significant and concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on airway smooth muscle contractions precontracted with either ACh or KCl. Epithelial denudation, indomethacin, or N-Nitro-L-arginine had no significant effect on the obtained relaxation. Furthermore, BSE potentiated the relaxant effect of isoprenaline on rat trachea. Conclusion: BSE exerts a direct concentration-dependent relaxant effect on precontracted tracheal strips. These results could contribute towards validation of the traditional use of BSE in the treatment of airway diseases.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antimalarial Activity of Extracts of Some Indigenous Plant Species in Kebbi State

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Aisha Abdulrazak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Indigenous Plants ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Water As Solvent

The search for antimalarial compounds has been necessitated by the resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to almost all antimalarial drugs. The aim of this research was to determine in-vitro antimalarial activity of extracts of some indigenous plants species in Kebbi State. Plant extraction was carried-out by maceration using ethanol and water as solvent. The antiplasmodial activity of the extracts was evaluated against fresh clinical isolates of P. falciparum using WHO method of in-vitro micro test. Phytochemical screening was also carried out on the extract to deduce the active chemicals present in the plant extract. All plant extracts demonstrate dose dependent antimicrobial activities with IC50 Less than 50%. However highest growth inhibition of the P. falciparum was demonstrated by aqueous and ethanol extract of A. indica with IC50 7.4µg/ml and 8.6µg/ml respectively followed by ethanol and aqueous extract of C. occidentalis with IC50 15.3µg/ml and 18.0µg/ml respectively. Least antimalarial activity was demonstrated by aqueous extract of M. oleifera with IC50 33.5µg/ml while ethanolic extract of M. oleifera demonstrated IC50 of 20.50µg/ml. M. indica ethanolic and aqueous extract also demonstrated moderate antimalarial activity with IC50 18.8µg/ml and 24.5µg/ml. The phytochemical screening of medicinal plants showed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoid, phenol and cardiac glycosides in the extracts, which may be responsible for the antiplasmodial activity. This result justifies the traditional use of the plant in malaria treatment and further research is suggested to identify and characterize the active principles from the plants. Keywords: Antimalaria, Invitro, Medicinal Plants, Malaria, Kebbi

Pharmacological Evaluations for the Relaxant Effect of the Hydroalcoholic Extract of Tapinanthus dodoneifolius on Rat Trachea

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Ouedraogo ◽  
Sylvin Ouedraogo ◽  
Lamini Ouedraogo ◽  
Aristide Traore ◽  
G Raymond Belemtougri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Relaxant Effect ◽  
Rat Trachea

scholarly journals Bronchodilatory effect of Myxopyrum serratulum in animal model

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Vijayalakshmi Maruthamuthu ◽  
Ruckmani Kandasamy
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Relaxation Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Chlorpheniramine Maleate ◽  
Relaxant Effect ◽  
Significant Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Guinea Pig Model

<p class="Abstract">The plant <em>Myxopyrum </em>serratulum is traditionally claimed to relieve asthma and cough. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the bronchodilatory effect of the methanolic extract of <em>M. </em>serratulum on histamine-induced bronchospasm by <em>in vivo</em> and the inhibitory effect of the extract on histamine-contracted tracheal chain and ileum by <em>in vitro</em> guinea pig model. Additionally, the relaxant effect of four cumulative concentrations of the extract (0.25, 0.5, 0.7 and 1.0 g%) was assessed using precontracted tracheal chain under different conditions. The extract (400 mg/kg) prolonged the preconvulsive time to 102.3 ± 3.8 sec when compared to saline and standard chlorpheniramine maleate as 121.3 ± 4.5 sec (p&lt;0.05). The extract also possessed significant inhibitory effect on histamine-contracted guinea pig ileum and tracheal chain and also exhibited significant relaxation effect on precontracted tracheal chain of guinea pig models contracted by 60 mM KCl (p&lt;0.001) and 10 µM methacholine (p&lt;0.001) when compared with standard theophylline.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity and safety of Rhus vulgaris (Anacardiaceae) extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Mutuku ◽  
Lizzy Mwamburi ◽  
Lucia Keter ◽  
Joyce Ondicho ◽  
Richard Korir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
One Way Anova

Abstract Background Medicinal plants have been used in the treatment of various ailments in most developing countries. Oral infections are the most prevalent diseases in man. The Rhus family has been found to have antimicrobial, antimalarial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Few studies have been done on Rhus vulgaris Meikle. A study was conducted to determine the effect of Rhus vulgaris Meikle stem bark extracts against selected oral pathogenic microorganisms and the safety of the extracts in vitro and in vivo. Methods Methanol:dichloromethane (1:1), methanol and aqueous extracts were tested for bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Cytotoxicity of the active extracts was determined using Vero E6 cell lines while safety was evaluated in mice and rats. Phytochemical screening was performed on the methanol extracts. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparisons tests were performed using IBM SPSS statistics 20.0 for antimicrobial assay and acute toxicity testing. One-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s multiple comparison tests were conducted using GraphPad Prism 8.0 for cytotoxicity assay. Results Methanol extract of Rhus vulgaris showed significant antimicrobial activity against MRSA (12.00 ± 0.00 mm; p-value of < 0.005; Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of 0.391 mg/ml; Minimum Bactericidal Concentration of 1.563 mg/ml). The extract were not cytotoxic at 100 μg/ml which was the highest tested concentration. In acute dermal irritation testing, the methanol extract resulted in mild irritation with erythema and flaking that cleared within 8 days. There were no observable adverse effects from oral administration of the extracts (acute oral toxicity testing) at concentrations of 50 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg. Tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, alkaloids and phenols were detected in the methanol extract. Conclusions Antimicrobial activity of R. vulgaris extracts supports its traditional use as a toothbrush. Cytotoxicity demonstrated by the extracts as well as the mild skin irritation warrants further study before R. vulgaris can be recommended for the development of effective and safe mouthwashes.

Antisickling Activity of the Fresh and Dried Roots of Cissus populnea Guill. Et Perr (Vitaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 134-138
Author(s):  
EM Adebayo ◽  
AA Adeyemi ◽  
OO Omotade ◽  
FA Fasola ◽  
TO Ajayi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Powdered Sample ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Standard Drug

Research into plants with claimed traditional use in the management of sickle cell anaemia constitutes a useful research strategy in the search for new antisickling drugs and templates. The root of Cissus populnea has been used traditionally in the management of sickle cell disease (SCD). Phytochemical screening of the fresh and powdered sample of the root of C. populnea (CP) was done using standard methods followed by in vitro antisickling evaluation of extracts, solvent-partitioned fraction (ethylacetate) and the vacuum liquid chromatographic fractions (VLC) of the fresh and dried roots of C. populnea with sodium metabisulphite induced sickling of HbSS erythrocytes. p-hydroxybenzoic acid and normal saline were used as positive and negative controls respectively. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, saponins and cardiac glycosides. The result of this study showed that the extracts and solvent partitioned fraction (ethylacetate) from the root of CP have antisickling property with a higher activity for the ethylacetate partitioned fraction of the dried roots compared to that of the fresh roots. The VLC fractions exhibited higher activity than the crude extracts; fraction 3 (FR3) had the maximum activity of 96.4% while 88.6% activity was demonstrated for the standard drug (PABA) at an incubation time of 45 min. This study has thus provided scientific evidence for the traditional use of CP in the management of SCD.Keywords: Sickle Cell Disease, Cissus populnea, Antisickling Activity

scholarly journals Phytochemical Profile, Safety Assessment and Wound Healing Activity of Artemisia absinthium L.

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1744
Author(s):  
Amel Boudjelal ◽  
Antonella Smeriglio ◽  
Giovanna Ginestra ◽  
Marcella Denaro ◽  
Domenico Trombetta
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Artemisia Absinthium ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Wound Healing Activity

The aim of study was to validate, by in vitro and in vivo studies, the traditional use for wound-healing activity of Artemisia absinthium L. Reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry (RP-LC-DAD-ESI-MS) analysis allowed to identify eleven polyphenols with chlorogenic acid as the most abundant compound (3.75 g/100 g of dry extract). After that, antibacterial activity as well as acute dermal and oral toxicity were assessed in animal models. In order to investigate the wound-healing activity of A. absinthium methanol extract, two ointments were formulated (MEO 5% and 10%). The ointment with the highest concentration of plant extract (10%) showed a statistically significant effect on the rats wound contraction, similar to that exerted by the reference drug Cicatryl-Bio. Moreover, A. absinthium methanol extract showed the best antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative Escherichia coli ATCC 10536 (MIC 1.25–2.5 mg/mL) and the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 (0.31–0.625 mg/mL). The absence of oral and topical toxicity of the treated animals allowed to establish the safety of the ointments. Overall, data collected in the present study support and validate the use of A. absinthium as a wound healing agent in the Algerian traditional medicine.

scholarly journals RELAXATION EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF AVERRHOA BILIMBI L. LEAVES ON ILEUM SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTION OF IN VITRO ISOLATED RAT (RATTUS NORVEGICUS)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rulia Meilina, ◽  
Edy Suwarso ◽  
Edy Suwarso ◽  
Edy Suwarso ◽  
Aminah Dalimunthe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Relaxation Effect ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contraction ◽  
Ileum Contraction ◽  
Isolated Rat

Objective: The study was aimed to investigate the relaxation effect of ethanolic extract of Averrhoa bilimbi L. leaves (EEABL) and ondansetron against 5-HT-induced contraction of the 5-HT3 receptor.Methods: The study of the relaxation effect of the cumulative concentration EEABL leaves (0.5–4 mg/mL) and ondansetron (10−5–3×10−2) after the contracted with 5-HT (EC80: 1.158×10−6 M) was conducted in vitro using isolated rat’s ileum organ in the Tyrode solution.Results: The EEABL and ondansetron decreased ileum contraction after induced by 5- HT. EEABL has no difference in terms of ability as ondansetron in reducing the ileum smooth muscle contraction induced by 5-HT (p>0.05).Conclusion: The EEABL has relaxation effect on smooth muscle of rat’s isolated ileum which has induced by 5-HT.

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