scholarly journals Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity and safety of Rhus vulgaris (Anacardiaceae) extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Mutuku ◽  
Lizzy Mwamburi ◽  
Lucia Keter ◽  
Joyce Ondicho ◽  
Richard Korir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
One Way Anova

Abstract Background Medicinal plants have been used in the treatment of various ailments in most developing countries. Oral infections are the most prevalent diseases in man. The Rhus family has been found to have antimicrobial, antimalarial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Few studies have been done on Rhus vulgaris Meikle. A study was conducted to determine the effect of Rhus vulgaris Meikle stem bark extracts against selected oral pathogenic microorganisms and the safety of the extracts in vitro and in vivo. Methods Methanol:dichloromethane (1:1), methanol and aqueous extracts were tested for bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Cytotoxicity of the active extracts was determined using Vero E6 cell lines while safety was evaluated in mice and rats. Phytochemical screening was performed on the methanol extracts. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparisons tests were performed using IBM SPSS statistics 20.0 for antimicrobial assay and acute toxicity testing. One-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s multiple comparison tests were conducted using GraphPad Prism 8.0 for cytotoxicity assay. Results Methanol extract of Rhus vulgaris showed significant antimicrobial activity against MRSA (12.00 ± 0.00 mm; p-value of < 0.005; Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of 0.391 mg/ml; Minimum Bactericidal Concentration of 1.563 mg/ml). The extract were not cytotoxic at 100 μg/ml which was the highest tested concentration. In acute dermal irritation testing, the methanol extract resulted in mild irritation with erythema and flaking that cleared within 8 days. There were no observable adverse effects from oral administration of the extracts (acute oral toxicity testing) at concentrations of 50 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg. Tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, alkaloids and phenols were detected in the methanol extract. Conclusions Antimicrobial activity of R. vulgaris extracts supports its traditional use as a toothbrush. Cytotoxicity demonstrated by the extracts as well as the mild skin irritation warrants further study before R. vulgaris can be recommended for the development of effective and safe mouthwashes.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and Antihypercholesterolemic Activities of Pulicaria gnaphalodes

Dose-Response ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 155932582090485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Ali Raza Naqvi ◽  
Syed Muhammad Ali Shah ◽  
Laiba Kanwal ◽  
Muhammad Saeed ◽  
Atta-ul-Haq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Alternative Therapies ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition

Multidrug resistance has increased globally in the communities. Bacterial infections associated with health care have weakened the existing antimicrobial therapy and demand the search for alternative therapies. In the present investigation, the medicinal plant Pulicaria gnaphalodes from Quetta, Pakistan, has been screened for antimicrobial potential. In vitro antimicrobial efficacy of P gnaphalodes extracts (methanol and ethanol) was quantitatively evaluated on the basis of zone of inhibition against different bacteria and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). In vivo, antihypercholesterolemic activity is determined in different rat groups. The results of the study indicated that the ethanol extract of P gnaphalodes showed maximum zone of inhibition for Bacillus subtilis of 12.1 ± 1.1 mm from all others. The methanol extract showed maximum zone of inhibition for Staphylococcus aureus of 11.9 ± 1.0 mm and rifampicin showed maximum zone of inhibition of 23.1 ± 0.9 mm. The results of ethanol and methanol extract of P gnaphalodes against different bacteria revealed that this plant has greater antimicrobial activity. However, the plant extract shows nonsignificant antihypercholesterolemic activity. The extract of this plant can be utilized as medicine to inhibit several infections caused by some bacterial pathogens found in human body.

scholarly journals Evaluation du potentiel antimicrobien et de la toxicité des extraits de Jatropha multifida Linn, (Euphorbiaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 15550-15558
Author(s):  
Amégninou Agban ◽  
Yao Hoekou ◽  
Passimna Pissang ◽  
Tchadjobo Tchacondo ◽  
Komlan Batawila
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Jatropha Multifida

Objectif : L’objectif de ce travail était d’évaluer in vitro l’activité antimicrobienne des extraits de feuilles et tige de Jatropha multifida sur la croissance de Candida albicans, Escherichia coli et Staphylococcus aureus, puis d’évaluer in vivo la toxicité de cette plante. Méthodologie et résultats : Les méthodes de diffusion en milieu gélosé et de microdilution en milieu liquide ont été utilisées pour évaluer l’effet antimicrobien. Une étude en subaigüe était réalisée afin d’explorer les effets toxiques de l’extrait aqueux des feuilles. Les résultats des tests antimicrobiens montrent une activité des extraits de feuilles et tige de J. multifida sur la croissance des souches utilisées avec des diamètres de zones d’inhibition allant de 8 à 25 mm et des concentrations minimales inhibitrices (CMI) variant de 0,039 mg/mL à 1,25 mg/mL à l’exception des souches de E. coli qui sont résistantes aux extraits de la tige. L’administration en subaigüe de l’extrait aqueux des feuilles de J. multifida à la dose de 600 mg/kg entraîne une perte significative de poids chez les souris. Conclusion et applications des résultats : Les extraits aqueux, éthanolique et hydroéthanolique des feuilles et tige de J. multifida possèdent d’activité antimicrobienne et pourraient être utilisés dans le traitement des Candidoses à C. albicans et des infections à S. aureus. Mais l’essai de toxicité subaigüe montre que l’extrait aqueux de la plante serait toxique. Des études toxicologiques approfondies restent donc nécessaires sur ces extraits afin de mieux élucider leur inocuité. Mots-clés : Jatropha multifida, extraits de feuilles et de tige, activités antifongique et antibactérienne, toxicité. Agban et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2020 Evaluation du potentiel antimicrobien et de la toxicité des extraits de Jatropha multifida Linn, (Euphorbiaceae) 15551 Evaluation of antimicrobial potential and toxicity of Jatropha multifida Linn, (Euphorbiaceae) extracts ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro the antimicrobial activity of leaves and stem of Jatropha multifida extracts against Candida albicans, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and then to evaluate in vivo the toxicity of this plant. Methodology and Results: The agar well-diffusion and the NCCLS broth microdilution methods were used to assess the antimicrobial effect. A subacute study was carried out to explore the toxic effects of the aqueous extract of the leaves. The results of the antimicrobial tests show an activity of the extracts of leaves and stems of J. multifida on the growth of the strains used with diameters of inhibitory zones ranging from 8 to 25 mm and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) varying from 0.039 mg/mL to 1.25 mg/mL exception E. coli strains which are resistant to extracts from the stem. Subacute administration of the aqueous extract of the leaves of J. multifida at a dose of 600 mg/kg leads to a significant loss of weight in the mice. Conclusion and application of findings : The aqueous, ethanolic and hydroethanolic extracts of the leaves and stem of J. multifida have antimicrobial activity and could be used in the treatment of Candidiasis and bacterial infections due respectively to C. albicans and S. aureus. But the subacute toxicity test shows that the aqueous extract of the plant would be toxic. Extensive toxicological studies therefore remain necessary on these extracts in order to better elucidate their safety. Keywords: Jatropha multifida extracts of leaves and stem, antifungal and antibacterial activities, toxicity

scholarly journals Mechanism of Action of a Prostaglandin E2 Receptor Antagonist with antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Lilly ◽  
Mélanie A. C. Ikeh ◽  
Paul L. Fidel ◽  
Mairi C. Noverr
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Direct Growth ◽  
Prostaglandin E2 Receptor ◽  
Intra Abdominal Infection

AbstractOur laboratory recently reported that the EP4 receptor antagonist, L-161,982, had direct growth-inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in vivo, reducing microbial burden and providing significant protection against lethality in models of S. aureus monomicrobial and polymicrobial intra-abdominal infection. This antimicrobial activity was observed with both methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), as well as other Gram-positive bacteria. The antimicrobial activity of L-161,982 was independent of EP4 receptor inhibitory activity. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of action (MOA) of L-161,982, which contains a sulfonamide functional group. However, results demonstrate L-161,982 does not affect folate synthesis (sulfonamide MOA), oxidative stress, or membrane permeability. Instead, our results suggest that the inhibitor works via effects on inhibition of the electron transport chain (ETC). Similar to other ETC inhibitors, L-161,982 exposure results in a small colony size variant phenotype and inhibition of pigmentation, as well as significantly reduced hemolytic activity, and ATP production. In addition, L-161,982 potentiated the antimicrobial activity of another ETC inhibitor and inhibition was partially rescued by supplementation with nutrients required for ETC auxotrophs. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that L-161,982 exerts antimicrobial activity against MRSA via inhibition the ETC, representing a new member of a potentially novel antimicrobial drug class.

scholarly journals In vivo Anticancer Activity on Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) Cells and in vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Psidium guajava Bark Extracts

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-81
Author(s):  
Md Jakir Hossain ◽  
Shashwata Biswas ◽  
Mohammad Shahriar ◽  
Sohidul Islam ◽  
Chowdhury Rafiqul Ahsan
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Ehrlich Ascites ◽  
Eac Cells

This study was performed to evaluate the in vivo anticancer activity against ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells and in vitro antimicrobial activity of Psidium guajava bark extracts. By soxhlet apparatus, the P. guajava bark extracts were obtained using four solvents (n-hexane, petroleum benzene, chloroform, and methanol) according to their increasing solubility. In case of in vivo anticancer activity of the sample extracts, mice were seeded with approximately 1x105 ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells. After seven days of consecutive treatment, the negative and positive control groups (n=8 each group) showed an average EAC cell count of 2.4x108 and 1.8x108 respectively, and the experimental groups showed the cell count of 2.2x 108, 2.1x108, 1.9x108, and 1.41x108 when mice received h-hexane, petroleum benzene, chloroform, and methanol extract respectively. Experimental group that received methanol extract showed percent increase of life span (% ILS) of 33.3 when compared with the negative control. However, treatment in a cyclic manner of the mice showed % ILS of 52.15 for experimental group when compared negative control. In antimicrobial activity experiment, an intermediate zone of sensitivity of the crude methanol extract was found against Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, and Staphylococcus aureus when compared with amoxicillin. All these results indicated the anticancer activity and antimicrobial activity of the methanol extract of P. guajava barks on different experimental models. Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 35 Number 1 June 2018, pp 79-81

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory and Antimicrobial Activity of Babassu Mesocarp Improves the Survival in Lethal Sepsis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth S. B. Barroqueiro ◽  
Dayanna S. Prado ◽  
Priscila S. Barcellos ◽  
Tonicley A. Silva ◽  
Wanderson S. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Cecal Ligation ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Immunological Activity

Attalea speciosasynOrbignya phalerataMart. (babassu) has been used in the treatment of inflammatory and infectious diseases.Aim of the study. To investigate the antimicrobial and immunological activity of babassu mesocarp extract (EE).Material and Methods.Thein vitroantimicrobial activity was evaluated by disk diffusion assay and by determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) toEscherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Enterococcus faecalis,Staphylococcus aureus,and methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA). The flavonoids and phenolic acids content were determined by chromatography. Thein vivoassays were performed in Swiss mice submitted to sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The mice received EE subcutaneously (125 or 250 mg/Kg), 6 hours after the CLP. The number of lymphoid cells was quantified and the cytokines production was determined by ELISA after 12 h.Results.EE was effective as antimicrobial toE. faecalis,S. aureus, and MRSA. EE is rich in phenolic acids, a class of compounds with antimicrobial and immunological activity. An increased survival can be observed in those groups, possibly due to a significant inhibition of TNF-αand IL-6.Conclusions.The EE showed specific antimicrobial activityin vitroand an important antiseptic effectin vivopossibly due to the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity.

Rationally designed curcumin based ruthenium(ii) antimicrobials effective against drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (31) ◽  
pp. 11822-11828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Payal Srivastava ◽  
Manjulika Shukla ◽  
Grace Kaul ◽  
Sidharth Chopra ◽  
Ashis K. Patra
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Polypyridyl Complexes

Two curcumin conjugated ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl complexes, [Ru(NN)2(cur)](PF6) (1, 2), were systematically exploited for their antimicrobial activity in vitro and in vivo and potential selectivity against multidrug resistant S. aureus strains.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Profile, Safety Assessment and Wound Healing Activity of Artemisia absinthium L.

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1744
Author(s):  
Amel Boudjelal ◽  
Antonella Smeriglio ◽  
Giovanna Ginestra ◽  
Marcella Denaro ◽  
Domenico Trombetta
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Artemisia Absinthium ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Wound Healing Activity

The aim of study was to validate, by in vitro and in vivo studies, the traditional use for wound-healing activity of Artemisia absinthium L. Reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry (RP-LC-DAD-ESI-MS) analysis allowed to identify eleven polyphenols with chlorogenic acid as the most abundant compound (3.75 g/100 g of dry extract). After that, antibacterial activity as well as acute dermal and oral toxicity were assessed in animal models. In order to investigate the wound-healing activity of A. absinthium methanol extract, two ointments were formulated (MEO 5% and 10%). The ointment with the highest concentration of plant extract (10%) showed a statistically significant effect on the rats wound contraction, similar to that exerted by the reference drug Cicatryl-Bio. Moreover, A. absinthium methanol extract showed the best antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative Escherichia coli ATCC 10536 (MIC 1.25–2.5 mg/mL) and the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 (0.31–0.625 mg/mL). The absence of oral and topical toxicity of the treated animals allowed to establish the safety of the ointments. Overall, data collected in the present study support and validate the use of A. absinthium as a wound healing agent in the Algerian traditional medicine.

scholarly journals Novel Chimeric Lysin with High-Level Antimicrobial Activity against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus In Vitro andIn Vivo

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 536-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Yang ◽  
Yun Zhang ◽  
Junping Yu ◽  
Yanling Huang ◽  
Xian-En Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Catalytic Domain ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cell Wall Binding

ABSTRACTThe treatment of infections caused by methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) is a challenge worldwide. In our search for novel antimicrobial agents against MRSA, we constructed a chimeric lysin (named as ClyH) by fusing the catalytic domain of Ply187 (Pc) with the non-SH3b-like cell wall binding domain of phiNM3 lysin. Herein, the antimicrobial activity of ClyH against MRSA strainsin vitroandin vivowas studied. Our results showed that ClyH could kill all of the tested clinical isolates of MRSA with higher efficacy than lysostaphin as well as its parental enzyme. The MICs of ClyH against clinicalS. aureusstrains were found to be as low as 0.05 to 1.61 mg/liter. In a mouse model, a single intraperitoneal administration of ClyH protected mice from death caused by MRSA, without obvious harmful effects. The present data suggest that ClyH has the potential to be an alternative therapeutic agent for the treatment of infections caused by MRSA.

scholarly journals A Novel Promazine Derivative Shows High in vitro and in vivo Antimicrobial Activity Against Staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Troels Ronco ◽  
Nadia S. Jørgensen ◽  
Iben Holmer ◽  
Sofie Kromann ◽  
Ehsan Sheikhsamani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity

Interferences bacteriennes au niveau cutane chez la souris «hairless» dixénique

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 751-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Barc ◽  
P. Bourlioux ◽  
H. Boureau ◽  
F. Nerbone ◽  
E. Wasconcellos da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Bacteriocin Production ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Adherence Inhibition

Bacterial colonizaion of the digestive tract and the skin was studied over a 3-week period in a group of 10 germfree HRS mice using Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Sequential utilization of two strains allowed us to carry out six assays and to show the presence of interference phenomena during colonization of the skin. When P. aeruginosa was given after challenge with S. aureus or S. epidermidis, it did not colonize the skin. If the first challenge was done with P. aeruginosa, this bacteria was eliminated within 10 days by S. aureus and S. epidermidis on the skin, but it succeeded in colonizing the digestive tract. When the first challenge was done with S. aureus, colonization of the skin and the digestive tract with S. epidermidis was prevented, whereas these two species were found in association when S. aureus was given in second place. None of the in vitro assays (mixed culture, bacteriocin production, adherence inhibition, antimicrobial activity) could explain the in vivo observations.

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