scholarly journals The Topical Tranexamic Acid Have Potential Hazard of Promoting Biofilm Formation of Staphylococcus aureus in Microenvironment of the Prosthetic Joint

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Feiyang Zhang ◽  
Wenjun Dong ◽  
Fengyan Wang ◽  
Jinlong Yu ◽  
Feng Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tranexamic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Knee Prosthesis ◽  
Perioperative Period ◽  
Local Injection ◽  
Prosthesis Infection ◽  
Prosthetic Joint ◽  
Topical Tranexamic Acid

Background. Perioperative topical tranexamic acid as antifibrinolytic agent is often used for total joint replacement to reduce bleeding currently. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolates from perioperative infection of prosthetic joint. The influence of topical application with tranexamic acid on the incidence of acute prosthetic joint infection of Staphylococcus aureus has not been clarified. Methods. Mouse model of Staphylococcus aureus knee prosthesis infection was constructed. Tranexamic acid was intra-articular injected during the perioperative period. CFU counting from tissue and implant sample was evaluated 3 days and 7 days after inoculating of Staphylococcus aureus. Bacterial growth curve, biofilm formation, aggregation, and plasmin inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus were tested with tranexamic acid added to the synovial culture medium. Results. There were no significant differences of CFU counting from tissue and implant samples in knee prosthesis infection after a single local injection of tranexamic acid at the postoperative 3 or 7 days. The amount of bacterial colonization on the surface of implant increased after 3 days’ continuous local injection of tranexamic acid. Tranexamic acid has no effect on bacterial growth at the concentration (10 mg/ml) of clinical application, but it can inhibit bacterial aggregation and mildly inhibit biofilm formation. Plasmin can significantly inhibit biofilm formation which can be revised by adding tranexamic acid. Conclusion. Although continuous local injection of tranexamic acid can promote the biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus on the surface of articular implant, it has clinical safety for using one single local injection of tranexamic acid during the perioperative period.

scholarly journals Adjunctive Rifampin Is Crucial to Optimizing Daptomycin Efficacy against Rabbit Prosthetic Joint Infection Due to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 4589-4593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azzam Saleh-Mghir ◽  
Claudette Muller-Serieys ◽  
Aurélien Dinh ◽  
Laurent Massias ◽  
Anne-Claude Crémieux
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Prosthetic Joint Infection ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Prosthesis Infection ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Prosthetic Joint ◽  
Mutant Strains

ABSTRACTDaptomycin is an attractive option for treating prosthetic joint infection, but the 6-mg/kg of body weight/day dose was linked to clinical failure and emergence of resistance. Using a methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) knee prosthesis infection in rabbits, we studied the efficacies of high-dose daptomycin (22 mg/kg given intravenously [i.v.] once daily [o.d.]; equivalent to 8 mg/kg/day in humans) or vancomycin (60 mg/kg given intramuscularly [i.m.] twice daily [b.i.d.]), both either alone or with adjunctive rifampin (10 mg/kg i.m. b.i.d.). After partial knee replacement with a silicone implant, 107MRSA CFU was injected into the knees. Treatment started 7 days postinoculation and lasted 7 days. Positive cultures were screened for the emergence of mutant strains, defined as having 3-fold-increased MICs. Althoughin vivomean log10CFU/g of daptomycin-treated (4.23 ± 1.44;n= 12) or vancomycin-treated (4.63 ± 1.08;n= 12) crushed bone was significantly lower than that of controls (5.93 ± 1.15;n= 9) (P< 0.01), neither treatment sterilized bone (2/12 and 0/12 rabbits with sterile bone, respectively). Daptomycin mutant strains were found in 6/12, 3/12, and 2/9 daptomycin-treated, vancomycin-treated, and control rabbits, respectively; no resistant strains emerged (MIC was always <1 mg/liter). Adjunctive rifampin with daptomycin (1.47 ± 0.04 CFU/g of bone [detection threshold]; 11/11 sterile bones) or vancomycin (1.5 ± 0.12 CFU/g of bone; 6/8 sterile bones) was significantly more effective than monotherapy (P< 0.01) and prevented the emergence of daptomycin mutant strains. In this MRSA joint prosthesis infection model, combining rifampin with daptomycin was highly effective. Daptomycin mutant strains were isolatedin vivoeven without treatment, but adjunctive rifampin prevented this phenomenon, previously found after monotherapy in humans.

scholarly journals 620. Sub-MIC Concentrations of Levofloxacin and Delafloxacin Enhance Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation: Significance of Maximizing Exposure

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S288-S288
Author(s):  
Emily C Bodo ◽  
Kathryn E Daffinee ◽  
Kerry LaPlante
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Joint Fluid ◽  
Percent Change ◽  
Joint Infections ◽  
Prosthetic Joint ◽  
Prosthetic Joint Infections ◽  
Biofilm Quantification ◽  
Peak Increase

Abstract Background Fluoroquinolones are utilized in Staphylococcal prosthetic joint infections due to their anti-biofilm activity. When antibiotic dosing is not optimized or antibiotics do not reach the site of infection, additional virulence factors may upregulate. We aimed to determine whether exposure to sub-MIC concentrations of levofloxacin and delafloxacin affect biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus. Methods This study utilized 50 diverse methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) clinical isolates collected between 2004 and 2018. Sources included blood, skin/tissue, bone, and joint fluid. Minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations were identified according to CLSI. Biofilm assays were conducted as previously described by our program. Biofilm quantification was categorized as strong (OD570 ≥ 2), moderate (OD570 ≥ 1 and < 2), or weak (OD570 < 1). Prevention assays were conducted with the addition of increasing concentrations of delafloxacin or levofloxacin. We evaluated the amount of isolates that demonstrated increased biofilm formation in the presence of sub-MIC concentrations and extent of biofilm enhancement. Percent change was calculated between OD570 of the isolate growth control without antibiotic exposure and peak biofilm OD570 when exposed to the antibiotic. Results Of the 50 MSSA isolates, 14 (28%) exhibited moderate/strong formation and 36 (32%) exhibited weak biofilm formation. 52% and 58% of the isolates demonstrated a ≥50% increase in formation when exposed to sub-MIC concentrations of delafloxacin and levofloxacin, respectively. None of the strong biofilm formers demonstrated a ≥50% peak increase in formation when exposed to the antibiotics. Of the isolates that demonstrated a ≥50% peak increase, the average percent change was 267% (±29) with levofloxacin and 258% (±33) with delafloxacin. Conclusion Sub-MIC concentrations of delafloxacin and levofloxacin increased biofilm formation in S. aureus isolates that normally exhibit weak or moderate biofilm formation when not in the presence of antibiotics. Maintaining appropriate fluoroquinolone concentrations at the site of action is critical in preventing enhancement of biofilm formation. Further research is needed to identify the mechanism behind this increase. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Teicoplanin-Containing Cement Spacers for Treatment of Experimental Staphylococcus aureus Joint Prosthesis Infection

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 3365-3367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid Ismael ◽  
Rémy Bléton ◽  
Azzam Saleh-Mghir ◽  
Sophie Dautrey ◽  
Laurent Massias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Knee Prosthesis ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Cement Spacer ◽  
Joint Prosthesis ◽  
Prosthesis Infection ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Prosthesis Replacement ◽  
Drug Free ◽  
Systemic Antibiotic Treatment

ABSTRACT Using a rabbit model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus knee-prosthesis infection, we studied the efficacy of teicoplanin cement alone or in combination with systemic intramuscular (i.m.) injections of teicoplanin. Seven days after infection, surgical debridement and removal of the infected prostheses were performed, and five rabbits were randomly assigned to one of five different treatment groups: untreated controls, prosthesis replacement by drug-free cement spacer, prosthesis replacement by teicoplanin-loaded cement spacer (1.2 g of teicoplanin/40 g of cement), i.m. injections of teicoplanin (20 mg/kg of body weight, twice a day for 7 days), or systemic antibiotic treatment combined with teicoplanin-loaded spacers. The most effective regimen combined systemic teicoplanin and antibiotic spacers.

scholarly journals Synovial Fluid-Induced Aggregation Occurs across Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates and is Mechanistically Independent of Attached Biofilm Formation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia Staats ◽  
Peter W. Burback ◽  
Mostafa Eltobgy ◽  
Dana M. Parker ◽  
Amal O. Amer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Prosthetic Joint Infection ◽  
Orthopedic Surgery ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Synovial Joint ◽  
Prosthetic Joint ◽  
Induced Aggregation

Bacterial infections of hip and knee implants are rare but devastating complications of orthopedic surgery. Despite a widespread appreciation of the considerable financial, physical, and emotional burden associated with the development of a prosthetic joint infection, the establishment of bacteria in the synovial joint remains poorly understood.

scholarly journals Combination of Quinupristin-Dalfopristin (Synercid) and Rifampin Is Highly Synergistic in Experimental Staphylococcus aureus Joint Prosthesis Infection

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 1122-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azzam Saleh-Mghir ◽  
Nourdine Ameur ◽  
Claudette Muller-Serieys ◽  
Farid Ismael ◽  
Françoise Lemaitre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Knee Prosthesis ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Joint Prosthesis ◽  
Prosthesis Infection ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT We compared the efficacies of quinupristin-dalfopristin (Q-D; 30 mg/kg of body weight every 8 h) and vancomycin (60 mg/kg twice daily), alone or in combination with rifampin (10 mg/kg twice daily), in a rabbit model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus knee prosthesis infection. In contrast to vancomycin, Q-D significantly reduced the mean log10 CFU per gram of bone versus that for the controls. The combination of rifampin with either Q-D or vancomycin was significantly more effective than monotherapy.

scholarly journals Investigation of a Staphylococcus argenteus Strain Involved in a Chronic Prosthetic-Joint Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 6245
Author(s):  
Alan Diot ◽  
Virginie Dyon-Tafani ◽  
Marine Bergot ◽  
Jason Tasse ◽  
Patricia Martins-Simões ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Young Woman ◽  
Cell Invasion ◽  
Prosthetic Joint Infection ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Bone Cell ◽  
Persistent Infections ◽  
Prosthetic Joint

Staphylococcus argenteus is an emerging species responsible for infections comparable to those induced by Staphylococcus aureus. It has been involved in few chronic or persistent infections so far. In this study, we described a case of a persistent prosthetic-joint infection (PJI) affecting a young woman. We investigated in vitro the virulence traits of the incriminated S. argenteus strain (bone cell invasion, biofilm formation and induction of inflammation) and analyzed its genome, in comparison with two other strains of S. argenteus and two S. aureus isolates. It appeared that this S. argenteus PJI strain combined biofilm formation, osteoblast invasion and intracellular persistence abilities together with genes potentially involved in the escape of the host immune defenses, which might explain the chronicization of the infection.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Biofilm Formation by Esomeprazole in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 4360-4364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vandana Singh ◽  
Vaneet Arora ◽  
M. Jahangir Alam ◽  
Kevin W. Garey
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureusandPseudomonas aeruginosaare common nosocomial pathogens responsible for biofilm-associated infections. Proton pump inhibitors (PPI), such as esomeprazole, may have novel antimicrobial properties. The objective of this study was to assess whether esomeprazole prevents sessile bacterial growth and biofilm formation and whether it may have synergistic killing effects with standard antibiotics. The antibiofilm activity of esomeprazole at 0.25 mM was tested against two strains each ofS. aureusandP. aeruginosa. Bacterial biofilms were prepared using a commercially available 96-peg-plate Calgary biofilm device. Sessile bacterial CFU counts and biomass were assessed during 72 hours of esomeprazole exposure. The killing activities after an additional 24 hours of vancomycin (againstS. aureus) and meropenem (againstP. aeruginosa) treatment with or without preexposure to esomeprazole were also assessed by CFU and biomass analyses.P. aeruginosaandS. aureusstrains exposed to esomeprazole displayed decreased sessile bacterial growth and biomass (P< 0.001, each parameter). After 72 h of exposure, there was a 1-log10decrease in the CFU/ml of esomeprazole-exposedP. aeruginosaandS. aureusstrains compared to controls (P< 0.001). After 72 h of exposure, measured absorbance was 100% greater inP. aeruginosacontrol strains than in esomeprazole-exposed strains (P< 0.001). Increased killing and decreased biomass were observed for esomeprazole-treated bacteria compared to untreated controls exposed to conventional antibiotics (P< 0.001, each parameter). Reduced biofilm growth after 24 h was visibly apparent by light micrographs forP. aeruginosaandS. aureusisolates exposed to esomeprazole compared to untreated controls. In conclusion, esomeprazole demonstrated an antibiofilm effect against biofilm-producingS. aureusandP. aeruginosa.

scholarly journals Prodigiosin inhibits bacterial growth and virulence factors as a potential physiological response to interspecies competition

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253445
Author(s):  
Chee-Hoo Yip ◽  
Sobina Mahalingam ◽  
Kiew-Lian Wan ◽  
Sheila Nathan
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Virulence ◽  
Protease Production ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Microbial Competition

Prodigiosin, a red linear tripyrrole pigment, has long been recognised for its antimicrobial property. However, the physiological contribution of prodigiosin to the survival of its producing hosts still remains undefined. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the biological role of prodigiosin from Serratia marcescens, particularly in microbial competition through its antimicrobial activity, towards the growth and secreted virulence factors of four clinical pathogenic bacteria (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) as well as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Prodigiosin was first extracted from S. marcescens and its purity confirmed by absorption spectrum, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrophotometry (LC-MS/MS). The extracted prodigiosin was antagonistic towards all the tested bacteria. A disc-diffusion assay showed that prodigiosin is more selective towards Gram-positive bacteria and inhibited the growth of MRSA, S. aureus and E. faecalis and Gram-negative E. coli. A minimum inhibitory concentration of 10 μg/μL of prodigiosin was required to inhibit the growth of S. aureus, E. coli and E. faecalis whereas > 10 μg/μL was required to inhibit MRSA growth. We further assessed the effect of prodigiosin towards bacterial virulence factors such as haemolysin and production of protease as well as on biofilm formation. Prodigiosin did not inhibit haemolysis activity of clinically associated bacteria but was able to reduce protease activity for MRSA, E. coli and E. faecalis as well as decrease E. faecalis, Salmonella Typhimurium and E. coli biofilm formation. Results of this study show that in addition to its role in inhibiting bacterial growth, prodigiosin also inhibits the bacterial virulence factor protease production and biofilm formation, two strategies employed by bacteria in response to microbial competition. As clinical pathogens were more resistant to prodigiosin, we propose that prodigiosin is physiologically important for S. marcescens to compete against other bacteria in its natural soil and surface water environments.

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