scholarly journals Influence of Alkali Treatment and Maleated Polypropylene (MAPP) Compatibilizer on the Dry-Sliding Wear and Frictional Behavior of Borassus Fruit Fine Fiber (BFF)/Polypropylene (PP) Polymer Composites for Various Engineering Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Sumit Nijjar ◽  
P. Sudhakara ◽  
Shubham Sharma ◽  
Sanjeev Saini ◽  
Aklilu Teklemariam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Maleated Polypropylene ◽  
Frictional Behavior ◽  
Fine Fiber ◽  
Polypropylene Matrix ◽  
Pp Composites

Tribological properties of the novel Borassus fruit fine fiber- (BFF-) reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites with respect to fiber matrix surface modifications have been described. Composites were fabricated by an injection molding process using Borassus fruit fine fiber (BFF) of 5 wt.% as reinforcement and polypropylene (PP) as a matrix component. Fibers were treated with alkali (T) to remove the residual lignin (if present) and to enhance the interfacial adhesion between the fiber/matrix interface. Alkali treatment reveals additional reactive functional groups here on the surface of the Borassus fiber, allowing effective interaction bonding with the polypropylene matrix. Borassus fibers are primarily treated with an alkali solution to extract weaker unstructured amorphous constituents so that the fibers retain crystallized components, thereby strengthening the fiber’s strength. A 5 wt.% of maleated polypropylene (MAPP) was used as a compatibilizer to improve the interfacial adhesion between fiber and the polymer matrix. The wear and frictional behavior of BFF/PP composites with respect to the modifications were evaluated by steel counterface utilizing pin-on-disc test contraption under dry-sliding conditions. The sliding velocity, applied load, and sliding distance were maintained as 2.198 m/s, 9.81–29.43 N, and 4000 m, respectively. The results demonstrate that the reinforcement of BFF to polypropylene matrix and the modifications improved the wear properties of the neat polymer matrix. Findings concluded that the abrasive wear resistance of T + PP + MAPP composite showed better interfacial adhesion and bonding, thus resulting in better tribological performance as compared to the other three compositions under different loading conditions. The effective substantial improvement of the coefficient of friction has been observed in alkali-treated fiber and polypropylene matrix with MAPP compatibilizer (T + PP + MAPP) composites due to the presence of MAPP compatibilizer and alkali-treated fibers. The frictional coefficient of T + PP + MAPP possesses better interfacial bonding strength upon NaOH treatment, and coupling agent, which results in enhancement of effective contact surface area and good surface friction characteristics, has been observed under different loading conditions. The fracture mechanism of worn-out portions of BFF/PP composites was studied using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy to analyze various imperfections like debonding, splits, fiber cracks, and wreckage or fragments formation.

Comparative Study of Polypropylene Matrix Reinforced with Date Palm Fibers & Date Palm Twigs

2010 ◽  
Vol 123-125 ◽  
pp. 1115-1118
Author(s):  
Ahmad Alawar ◽  
Waseem Ahmed ◽  
Khalifa Al-Kaabi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Date Palm Fibers ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Polypropylene Matrix ◽  
Pp Composites

A variety of natural fibers have been on research over the past years to develop alternative echo friendly materials that have comparable performance as their synthetic counter parts for use in composite materials. In this study, two different forms of date palm tree fibers were used as reinforcement materials to develop composite materials with polypropylene (PP) matrix. These two different date palm fibers are namely Date palm fiber (DPF) & Date Palm twigs (DPT). These fibers were surface modified using alkali treatment. Two different Percentages of PP (50%, 75%) were mixed with the each type of fibers to form composite pellets using double screw extruder. The mechanical properties of the different fibers reinforced composite, in treated and untreated condition were investigated. The effect of different weight fraction of Polypropylene matrix reinforced DPF or Twigs fiber composite was investigated. The results indicate that untreated DPF-PP composites possess better mechanical properties compared to all untreated & treated DPT-PP composites. Mechanical interlocking between untreated fibers and the matrix showed some increase in the mechanical properties of the untreated DPF-PP compared to the treated one. In both cases, composites having 75% PP has better mechanical properties than the 50%PP composites. This is due to the lack of compatibility between the fibers and the matrix.

scholarly journals High-Yield Lignocellulosic Fibers from Date Palm Biomass as Reinforcement in Polypropylene Composites: Effect of Fiber Treatment on Composite Properties

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1423
Author(s):  
Chihaoui Belgacem ◽  
Quim Tarres ◽  
Francesc Xavier Espinach ◽  
Pere Mutjé ◽  
Sami Boufi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Enzymatic Treatment ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Intrinsic Resistance ◽  
Chemical Surface ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Maleated Polypropylene ◽  
Date Palm Fibers

In this work, date palm waste (DPW) stemming from the annual pruning of date palm was used as reinforcing filler in polypropylene (PP) matrix at 40% w/w. Three pre-treatment routes were performed for the DPW, namely (i) defibration, (ii) soft alkali treatment, and (iii) enzymatic treatment, to obtain date palm fibers (DPF) and to investigate the effect of each process on their chemical composition, which will ultimately affect the mechanical properties of the resulting composites. The enzymatic and alkali treatment, combined with maleated polypropylene (MAPP) as a coupling agent, resulted in a composite with higher strength and stiffness than the neat PP. The differences in the reinforcing effect were explained by the change in the morphology of DPF and their chemical surface composition according to the selected treatment of DPW. Enzymatic treatment maximized the tensile strength of the compound as a consequence of an improvement in the interfacial shear strength and the intrinsic resistance of the fibers.

The Reinforcement of Acicular Wollastonite on Polypropylene

2010 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Shan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Feeding Method ◽  
Reinforcing Effect ◽  
Comprehensive Properties ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Pp Composites ◽  
Scanning Electron

The wollastonite/PP composites were manufactured by twin-screw extruder and the effects of compatabilizer, feeding method and screw configuration on the properties of wollastonite/PP composites were investigated in this paper. The dispersion of fibrous wollastonite in PP matrix was determined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the strength, toughness and flowability of the composite were simultaneously guaranteed by using three different types of PP resins, and the interfacial adhesion was improved greatly by adding the compatabilizer of PP-g-MAH, which increases the comprehensive properties of wollastonite/PP composite. The fibrous dispersion of wollastonite in PP matrix was achieved by using of side feeding and the weak-shear screw configuration, which reaches the good reinforcing effect.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Tensile Properties of Surface Treated Oil Palm Mesocarp Fiber/Poly(Butylene Succinate) Biocomposite by (3-Aminopropyl)Trimethoxysilane

2016 ◽  
Vol 846 ◽  
pp. 665-672
Author(s):  
Yoon Yee Then ◽  
Ibrahim Nor Azowa ◽  
Norhazlin Zainuddin ◽  
Buong Woei Chieng ◽  
Chern Chiet Eng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Tensile Fracture ◽  
Maximum Enhancement ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Tensile Fracture Surface

The issue related to relatively poor interfacial adhesion between hydrophilic natural fiber and hydrophobic thermoplastic remain as an obstacle in natural fiber/thermoplastic biocomposites. Consequently, surface treatment of fiber is of important to impart adhesion. The present work used consecutive superheated steam-alkali treatment to treat the oil palm mesocarp fiber (OPMF) prior to biocomposite fabrication. The biocomposites made up of 70 wt% treated OPMF and 30 wt% poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) were prepared by melt blending technique in a Brabender internal mixer followed by hot-press moulding into 1 mm sheets. A silane coupling agent of (3-aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane (APTMS) was also added to the biocomposite during the process of compounding to promote interfacial adhesion and enhance the properties of biocomposites. The results showed that the biocomposite containing 2 wt% APTMS showed maximum enhancement in tensile strength (89%), tensile modulus (812%) and elongation at break (52%) in comparison to that of untreated OPMF/PBS biocomposite. The SEM observation of the tensile fracture surface revealed that APTMS improved the interfacial adhesion between treated OPMF and PBS. It can be deduced that the presence of APTMS can improve the adhesion between hydrophilic fiber and hydrophobic thermoplastic, and thus increased the tensile properties of the biocomposite.

Effects of fiber-surface modification on the properties of bamboo flour/polypropylene composites and their interfacial compatibility

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Wang ◽  
Jie Dong ◽  
Jianwei Zhang ◽  
Baodong Zhu ◽  
Dongling Cui
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Heat Stability ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Interfacial Compatibility ◽  
Pp Composites ◽  
Bamboo Flour

Abstract This work aimed to study the effects of different surface treatments on the morphologies and thermo-mechanical properties of the bamboo flour/polypropylene (BF/PP) composites, which were prepared by melt blending with 15 wt% of filler load. The BF was first pretreated with 10 wt% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions for 4 h, after which the pre-treated BF was modified by stearic acid and silane. The chemical structure of the treated BF fibers was characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the results showed that alkali treatment efficiently removed hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin. Moreover, stearic acid and silane were successfully introduced to the BF surface through chemical bonding. The changes in heat stability of BF investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the presence of treatment contributes to a better thermal stability for BF fibers. In addition, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation of BF/PP composites displayed not only better dispersion of treated-BF in the polypropylene (PP) matrix, but also improved fiber-matrix interfacial compatibility, especially when silane treatment was used. Accordingly, the mechanical properties improved significantly in the presence of treated-BF.

scholarly journals Structural Investigation of Granular Composites by Modern Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-185
Author(s):  
Istvánné Ráthy ◽  
Péter Pinke ◽  
Enikő Réka Fábián ◽  
Erzsébet Nagyné Halász
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Structural Investigation ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Particulate Composites ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Structural Investigations ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Polypropylene Matrix ◽  
Granular Composites

Structural investigations of polymer-based particulate composites were carried out using modern test methods. We had composite sheets with different compositions and different injection molding speeds. In the polypropylene matrix, three types of glass beads were mixed in three weight percentages. In our investigations, the granular composites were studied with a widely used examination equipment, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and industrial computer tomography (CT) as a modern diagnostic tools. The purpose of the study was to investigate the distribution and interfacial adhesion of glass beads.

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