scholarly journals The Multiple Roles of B Lymphocytes in the Onset and Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes: Interactions between B Lymphocytes and T Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yangfan Xiao ◽  
Chao Deng ◽  
Zhiguang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
B Cells ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Autoimmune Diabetes ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Nonobese Diabetic Mice ◽  
The Impact

Although type 1 diabetes is thought to be an organ-specific autoimmune disease, mediated by effective CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, it has recently become clear that B cells participate in the initiation and progress of this disease. Indeed, B cell deletion can prevent or reverse autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice and even result in partially remaining β cell function in patients with new-onset type 1 diabetes. This review summarizes the dual role of B cells in this process not only of pathogenic effect but also of immunoregulatory function in type 1 diabetes. We focus on the impact that B cells have on regulating the activation, proliferation, and cytokine production of self-reactive T cells along with regulatory T cells, with the aim of providing a better understanding of the interactions between T and B cells in immunopathogenesis and improving the efficacy of interventions for clinical practice.

scholarly journals B Quiet: Autoantigen-Specific Strategies to Silence Raucous B Lymphocytes and Halt Cross-Talk with T Cells in Type 1 Diabetes

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Jamie L. Felton ◽  
Holly Conway ◽  
Rachel H. Bonami
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Significant Risk

Islet autoantibodies are the primary biomarkers used to predict type 1 diabetes (T1D) disease risk. They signal immune tolerance breach by islet autoantigen-specific B lymphocytes. T-B lymphocyte interactions that lead to expansion of pathogenic T cells underlie T1D development. Promising strategies to broadly prevent this T-B crosstalk include T cell elimination (anti-CD3, teplizumab), B cell elimination (anti-CD20, rituximab), and disruption of T cell costimulation/activation (CTLA-4/Fc fusion, abatacept). However, global disruption or depletion of immune cell subsets is associated with significant risk, particularly in children. Therefore, antigen-specific therapy is an area of active investigation for T1D prevention. We provide an overview of strategies to eliminate antigen-specific B lymphocytes as a means to limit pathogenic T cell expansion to prevent beta cell attack in T1D. Such approaches could be used to prevent T1D in at-risk individuals. Patients with established T1D would also benefit from such targeted therapies if endogenous beta cell function can be recovered or islet transplant becomes clinically feasible for T1D treatment.

Association of T-cell reactivity with β-cell function in recent onset type 1 diabetes patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Pfleger ◽  
Guido Meierhoff ◽  
Hubert Kolb ◽  
Nanette C. Schloot
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Cell Reactivity ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
Onset Type ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
T Cell Reactivity

scholarly journals Autoreactive T effector memory differentiation mirrors β cell function in type 1 diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 128 (8) ◽  
pp. 3460-3474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine Yeo ◽  
Alyssa Woodwyk ◽  
Sanjana Sood ◽  
Anna Lorenc ◽  
Martin Eichmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Effector Memory ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Memory Differentiation

scholarly journals Residual β-cell function after 10 years of autoimmune type 1 diabetes: prevalence, possible determinants, and implications for metabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 650-650
Author(s):  
Jin Cheng ◽  
Min Yin ◽  
Xiaohan Tang ◽  
Xiang Yan ◽  
Yuting Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Diabetes Prevalence ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell Function

scholarly journals Systemic TNFα correlates with residual β-cell function in children and adolescents newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Julie Overgaard ◽  
Jens Otto Broby Madsen ◽  
Flemming Pociot ◽  
Jesper Johannesen ◽  
Joachim Størling
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Disease Remission ◽  
Β Cell Function

Abstract Background Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by immune-mediated destruction of the β-cells. After initiation of insulin therapy many patients experience a period of improved residual β-cell function leading to partial disease remission. Cytokines are important immune-modulatory molecules and contribute to β-cell damage in T1D. The patterns of systemic circulating cytokines during T1D remission are not clear but may constitute biomarkers of disease status and progression. In this study, we investigated if the plasma levels of various pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines around time of diagnosis were predictors of remission and residual β-cell function in children with T1D followed for one year after disease onset. Methods In a cohort of 63 newly diagnosed children (33% females) with T1D with a mean age of 11.3 years (3.3–17.7), ten cytokines were measured of which eight were detectable in plasma samples by Mesoscale Discovery multiplex technology at study start and after 6 and 12 months. Linear regression models were used to evaluate association of cytokines with stimulated C-peptide. Results Systemic levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-6 inversely correlated with stimulated C-peptide levels over the entire study (P < 0.05). The concentrations of TNFα and IL-10 at study start predicted stimulated C-peptide level at 6 months (P = 0.011 and P = 0.043, respectively, adjusted for sex, age, HbA1c and stage of puberty). Conclusions In recent-onset T1D, systemic cytokine levels, and in particular that of TNFα, correlate with residual β-cell function and may serve as prognostic biomarkers of disease remission and progression to optimize treatment strategies. Trial Registration The study was performed according to the criteria of the Helsinki II Declaration and was approved by the Danish Capital Region Ethics Committee on Biomedical Research Ethics (journal number H-3-2014-052). The parents of all participants gave written consent.

scholarly journals Potential Impact of B Cells on T Cell Function in Multiple Sclerosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Ireland ◽  
Nancy Monson
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Anti Cd20 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ms Pathogenesis

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic debilitating autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. The contribution of B cells in the pathoetiology of MS has recently been highlighted by the emergence of rituximab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody that specifically depletes B cells, as a potent immunomodulatory therapy for the treatment of MS. However, a clearer understanding of the impact B cells have on the neuro-inflammatory component of MS pathogenesis is needed in order to develop novel therapeutics whose affects on B cells would be beneficial and not harmful. Since T cells are known mediators of the pathology of MS, the goal of this review is to summarize what is known about the interactions between B cells and T cells, and how current and emerging immunotherapies may impact B-T cell interactions in MS.

scholarly journals Postexercise Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes Is Associated With Residual β-Cell Function

Diabetes Care ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 2362-2370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy S. Taylor ◽  
Kieran Smith ◽  
Tess E. Capper ◽  
Jadine H. Scragg ◽  
Ayat Bashir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell Function

scholarly journals Exercise to preserve β-cell function in recent-onset Type 1 diabetes mellitus (EXTOD) - a randomized controlled pilot trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 1521-1531 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Narendran ◽  
N. Jackson ◽  
A. Daley ◽  
D. Thompson ◽  
K. Stokes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Β Cell Function

scholarly journals Preserved β-Cell Function in Type 1 Diabetes by Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Diabetes ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 587-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per-Ola Carlsson ◽  
Erik Schwarcz ◽  
Olle Korsgren ◽  
Katarina Le Blanc
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell Function
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