scholarly journals Drive System Design for Small Autonomous Electric Vehicle: Topology Optimization and Simulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Zhongming Wu ◽  
Mufangzhou Zhu ◽  
Yu Guo ◽  
Li Sun ◽  
Yuchen Gu
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Gear Ratio ◽  
Drive System ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Power Matching ◽  
Optimization And Simulation ◽  
Proof Strength

High driving efficiency remains challenging in autonomous electric vehicles, especially in small electric vehicle subtype. Here, we reported investigation of the structure and requirements of the drive system for those vehicles, while the motor-drive axle combined integrated driving scheme has been chosen. In the study, the power matching of drive motor as well as transmission ratio has been calculated based on the performance of the small electric vehicles, and the total gear ratio of 8.124 was determined. For better comprehensive performance and efficiency, the two-stage retarder has been designed, in which elements including high-speed shaft, low-speed shaft, gears, and differential have been examined to ensure their proof strength when the motor outputs reached the maximum torque. Notably, by utilizing topology optimization, Gear 4, the transmission unit with the heaviest weight percentage has been modified in a lightweight way, achieving a 41% reduction of the mass in emulation analysis and turned up to the target of optimization eventually.

scholarly journals Efficient Gear Ratio Selection of a Single-Speed Drivetrain for Improved Electric Vehicle Energy Consumption

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9254
Author(s):  
Polychronis Spanoudakis ◽  
Gerasimos Moschopoulos ◽  
Theodoros Stefanoulis ◽  
Nikolaos Sarantinoudis ◽  
Eftichios Papadokokolakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Gear Ratio ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Ratio Set ◽  
Selection Of

The electric vehicle (EV) market has grown over the last few years and even though electric vehicles do not currently possess a high market segment, it is projected that they will do so by 2030. Currently, the electric vehicle industry is looking to resolve the issue of vehicle range, using higher battery capacities and fast charging. Energy consumption is a key issue which heavily effects charging frequency and infrastructure and, therefore, the widespread use of EVs. Although several factors that influence energy consumption of EVs have been identified, a key technology that can make electric vehicles more energy efficient is drivetrain design and development. Based on electric motors’ high torque capabilities, single-speed transmissions are preferred on many light and urban vehicles. In the context of this paper, a prototype electric vehicle is used as a test bed to evaluate energy consumption related to different gear ratio usage on single-speed transmission. For this purpose, real-time data are recorded from experimental road tests and a dynamic model of the vehicle is created and fine-tuned using dedicated software. Dynamic simulations are performed to compare and evaluate different gear ratio set-ups, providing valuable insights into their effect on energy consumption. The correlation of experimental and simulation data is used for the validation of the dynamic model and the evaluation of the results towards the selection of the optimal gear ratio. Based on the aforementioned data, we provide useful information from numerous experimental and simulation results that can be used to evaluate gear ratio effects on electric vehicles’ energy consumption and, at the same time, help to formulate evolving concepts of smart grid and EV integration.

Electric Vehicle Improved by Three-Phase Asynchronous Cooled Motor

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Rattighieri ◽  
Michele Trancossi ◽  
Nicola Dorigo Salomon ◽  
Dean Vucinic
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Reggio Emilia ◽  
Heavy Load ◽  
Power Train ◽  
Electric Car ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Cabin Interior

This paper presents the EVITA electric car. EVITA is the acronym of Electric Vehicle Improved by Three-phase Asynchronous cooled motor. It is a research project developed jointly by RGEngineering and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia. It aims to produce a novel electric power train with the capability of solving three fundamental problems of today commercial electric vehicles: 1. direct torque dependency of the rotation speed, and its reduction at high speed regimes; 2. electric motors performances reduction due to the overheating effects under heavy load conditions; 3. acclimatization of the car cabin interior in winter times.

Design and Analysis of a Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle for Indian Conditions

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Nanda Kumar ◽  
Shankar C. Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Electric Motor ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Traction Force ◽  
Drive System ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Hybrid Electric

Electric and hybrid vehicles are emerging rapidly in the automotive market as alternatives to the traditional Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) driven vehicles to meet stringent emission standards, environmental and energy concerns. Recently, Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) have been introduced in many countries including India. One configuration of a HEV is the Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle (SHEV). The design and analysis of the drive system of a SHEV under Indian conditions is the focus of this paper. In conventional vehicles, the ICE is the power source that drives the vehicle. The energy from the ICE is distributed to the wheels through the transmission, which is then used to generate the traction force at the tyre-road interface. In a HEV, both the engine and the electric motor provide the energy to drive the vehicle. In a SHEV, the energy generated by the electric motor is transmitted through the transmission to meet the torque demand at the wheels. Based on the driver’s acceleration demand and the state of charge of the battery, the controller manages the ICE, the generator and the battery to supply the required energy to the motor. The motor finally develops the required drive torque to generate the traction force at the wheels to meet the vehicle drive performance requirements like gradeability, acceleration and maximum speed. The objective of this paper is to discuss the design of the drive system of a SHEV. This involves the calculation of the power specifications of the electric motor based on the vehicle drive performance requirements. The equations for performing these calculations are presented. The procedure is then demonstrated by considering a typical Indian commercial vehicle along with its typical vehicle parameter values. A simulation study has also been performed by considering the Indian drive cycle to demonstrate the energy savings obtained by the use of a SHEV.

scholarly journals Adopting the Topology Optimization in the Design of High-Speed Synchronous Reluctance Motors for Electric Vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 5429-5438
Author(s):  
Andrea Credo ◽  
Giuseppe Fabri ◽  
Marco Villani ◽  
Mircea Popescu
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
High Speed

The Control Strategy and Experimental Analysis of Electronic Differential Steering for Four Independent Drive Hub Motor Electric Vehicle

2014 ◽  
Vol 1030-1032 ◽  
pp. 1550-1553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Pan ◽  
Run Sheng Song
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Drive System ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Steering Control ◽  
Differential Steering ◽  
Differential Control

Wheel hub motor used in drive system of pure electric vehicle has become hot research and future development. Based on a four-wheel independent drive(4WID) electric vehicles with wheel hub motors, the paper has made the research on electronic differential steering control strategy by using Ackermann steering model conditions, and the experimental results have also been analyzed for the actual steering control effects under differential control strategy.

Research of Theoretical Analysis and Structural Design of Active Wheel

2011 ◽  
Vol 121-126 ◽  
pp. 1446-1449
Author(s):  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Li Wei Li ◽  
Wei Wei Cui ◽  
Ji Jun Cui ◽  
Yang Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Drive System ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Expected Performance ◽  
Structure Dimension ◽  
Mechanical Dynamics

Drive system of wheel motor is getting more and more attention by automobile manufacturers and researchers. In this paper, a novel drive system of electric vehicle with two degrees of freedom is given, with active wheel driven by two motors, which can work freely under three modes of single motor low speed, double motor high speed and regenerative braking. Furthermore, theoretical analysis based on mechanical dynamics is implemented for all these modes. Detailedly, on an experiment and design platform of a mini electric vehicle, comprehensively considering and balancing structure dimension of testing prototype and expected performance requirements, design of overall structure of the active wheel is accomplished.

scholarly journals Intellectualized testing & evaluation application based on unmanned test platform

2021 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 01036
Author(s):  
Rongliang Liang ◽  
Chang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Road Test ◽  
The Road ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
Test Platform ◽  
Long Time

Taking three pure electric vehicles as the research object, the energy consumption and acceleration performance of the electric vehicle are tested and evaluated through the use of the intelligent unmanned test platform of the whole vehicle, which ensures that the accurate and high-speed test of the road test can be realized on the basis of no driver in the vehicle. For the electric vehicle energy consumption test, the intelligent unmanned test platform is used for road test, which not only effectively avoids the driver driving the test vehicle for a long time, but also ensures the accuracy and reliability of the test data. According to the test results, the acceleration response and energy consumption test results of three pure electric vehicles are analyzed and evaluated.

scholarly journals Experimental study on high-speed endurance of electric vehicle at normal temperature (25℃)

2021 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 01032
Author(s):  
Chun Li ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Zhenchong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Chassis Dynamometer ◽  
Test Quality ◽  
Driving Mode ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Temperature Environment ◽  
Driving Range

Electric vehicle[1] endurance has always been a major concern for car buyers. Based on the six conventional electric vehicles selected from the market, the driving range of the chassis dynamometer with the environment warehouse is first carried out under the CLTC-P condition of normal temperature environment, and compared with the vehicle meter-display driving range. After testing the speed of 100 km/h of the driving range, the high-speed driving range at normal temperature is obtained, and then compared with the normal temperature driving range and the meter-display driving range, the drop rate of high-speed driving range is obtained. By analyzing and comparing the different test conditions of 6 vehicles, the influence trend of battery quantity, test quality, resistance and driving mode on high-speed driving range is obtained. Allowing consumers to anticipate their travel plans and also provides data for subsequent car companies to improve the quality of electric vehicles.

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