Modeling the Amount of Waste Generated by Households in the Greater Accra Region Using Artificial Neural Networks

Waste can be defined as solids or liquids unwanted by members of the society and meant to be disposed. In developing countries such as Ghana, the management of waste is the responsibility of the metropolitan authorities. These authorities do not seem to have effective management of the waste situation, and therefore, it is not unusual to see waste clog the drains and litter the streets of the capital city, Accra. The impact of waste on the environment, along with its associated health-related problems, cannot be overemphasized. The Joint Monitoring Programme report in 2015 ranked Ghana as the seventh dirtiest country in the world. The lack of effective waste management planning is evident in the large amount of waste dumped in open areas and gutters that remains uncollected. In planning for solid waste management, reliable data concerning waste generation, influencing factors on waste generation, and a reliable forecast of waste quantities are required. This study used two algorithms, namely, Levenberg–Marquardt and the Bayesian regularization, to estimate the parameters of an artificial neural network model fitted to predict the average monthly waste generated and critically assess the factors that influence solid waste generation in some selected districts of the Greater Accra region. The study found Bayesian regularization algorithm to be suitable with the minimum mean square error of 104.78559 on training data and 217.12465 on test data and higher correlation coefficients (0.99801 on training data, 0.99570 on test data, and 0.99767 on the overall data) between the target variables (average monthly waste generated) and the predicted outputs. House size, districts, employment category, dominant religion, and house type with respective importance of 0.56, 0.172, 0.061, 0.027, and 0.026 were found to be the top five important input variables required for forecasting household waste. It is recommended that efforts of the government and its stakeholders to reduce the amount of waste generated by households be directed at providing bins, increasing the frequency of waste collection (especially in highly populated areas), and managing the economic activities in the top five selected districts (Ledzekuku Krowor, Tema West, Asheidu Keteke, Ashaiman, and Ayawaso West), amongst others.

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Determinants of Household Solid Waste Generation and Composition in Homs City, Syria

Journal of Environmental and Public Health ◽

10.1155/2020/7460356 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Mohamad Noufal ◽

Liu Yuanyuan ◽

Zena Maalla ◽

Sylvia Adipah

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Organic Waste ◽

Solid Waste Management ◽

Household Head ◽

Household Waste ◽

Waste Generation ◽

Entire Study ◽

Household Solid Waste ◽

Starting Point

The absence of accurate information on the state of waste is a challenge to the solid waste management system in Syria. The local authorities commonly estimate the quantity of waste produced and its characterisation, which is the starting point for solid waste management planning. So, this paper aims to evaluate the generation and composition of household solid waste in Homs city, Syria. Also, the study presents factors influencing the waste generation rate and the waste composition. The study was carried out in 300 families from four zones in Homs city, and three sampling stages were conducted during the study duration, which started in July 2017 and ended in February 2019. The outcomes show that an average of 0.68 kg/per/day solid waste generated was calculated for the entire study area in Homs city. Also, the data analysis presents that organic waste constitutes the largest component in the waste mixture (69.1%) followed by plastic (10.6%), inert materials (8.7%), paper (4.6%), textile (2.5%), metal (1.2%), glass (1.1%), wood (0.6%), and hazardous materials (1.6%). The multiple linear regression results showed that the adjusted R2 value was found to be 0.557, 0.839, and 0.709 for the waste generation per capita, the daily household organic waste generation, and the daily household packaging waste generation, respectively. Also, according to Pearson’s coefficient values, a positive correlation was found between household waste generation and monthly income (r = 0.626), household size (r = 0.37), and age of the household head (r = 0.517), whereas a negative correlation was found between household waste generation and the education level of the household head (r = −0.649).

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Assessment of Solid Waste Management in Bhaktapur Municipality

Journal of Science and Engineering ◽

10.3126/jsce.v7i0.26781 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 10-19

Author(s):

Amit Shankar Ranjit ◽

Ronish Shakya ◽

Sushila Gwachha ◽

Razim Ganesh ◽

Meera Prajapati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Large Scale ◽

Organic Waste ◽

Solid Waste Management ◽

Sample Size Determination ◽

Household Waste ◽

Waste Generation ◽

Special Cases ◽

Waste Generation Rate

Bhaktapur Municipality has been performing better to keep the city clean. However, scarcity of space for the land filling of the solid waste and proper segregation of waste at the source has been a hurdle for the Municipality. This paper aims to determine solid waste generation rate and to analyze overall situation of solid waste management of Bhaktapur Municipality. However, the data will not represent the seasonal and occasional variations. Additionally, waste from street-sweeping and large-scale institutional and commercial components of the Municipality has not been assessed. Arkin and Colton (1963) was referred for the sample size determination. Sample of 376 households were taken accordingly. Twenty representative samples each for commercial and institutional establishments were selected, and one each for special cases such as hospital, slaughter house and poultry has been assessed. Municipal household waste generation was found to be 0.093kg per capita per day which was chiefly composed of 77% organic, 18% plastic and 3% paper. Organic waste has been a major waste for institutions such as schools whereas at governmental and public offices, paper is the predominantly generated waste. Among commercial establishments, shops and restaurants mostly generate organic waste and that for departmental stores has been paper. Though collection system was found to be satisfactory, treatment and final disposal have been unsustainable. Available treatment facilities have been shut down whereas other infrastructural components have been lacking.

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Identification of factors of waste management system

Regional Economy ◽

10.36818/1562-0905-2019-3-8 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 79-87

Author(s):

Iryna Kolodiichuk

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Management System ◽

Management Policy ◽

Legal Responsibility ◽

Household Waste ◽

Market Demand ◽

Waste Generation ◽

Waste Management System ◽

Governmental Institutions ◽

The Impact

Attention is drawn to the threatening scale of problems in the field of waste management, the direct correlation between the dynamics of socio-economic development and the accumulation of waste, which requires the formation of an adequate waste management system based on a territorially balanced approach. The importance of assessing the impact of quantitative and qualitative parameters of waste generation / utilization that form the territorial balance of waste management systems is emphasized. The organizational and economic factors that determine the volume and structure of waste generation / utilization and to which we primarily refer the macroeconomic situation in the country, economic activity of enterprises, logistics, economic, environmental levers and production restrictions are substantiated. The importance of governmental institutions in providing conditions for responsible treatment of waste management and in the use of administrative and incentive instruments to influence these processes is emphasized By changing the structure of production, a trade-off can be found between market demand for products and the cost of production, taking into account the prospective cost of waste management. The experience of European countries shows that modern recycling technologies must meet the criteria of environmental friendliness, economy, long-term availability of raw materials for recycling and demand for recycling technologies from the point of view of the sale of recycled waste components. We are convinced that the processing enterprise for the successful functioning of the company must be a business project, not a social project. This alters the motivation of management and focuses its strategy on economic outcomes that will produce social and environmental effects. The feasibility of using a public-private partnership scheme can provide a synergistic effect in the waste management system. Emphasis is placed on the effect-forming role of the socio-legal group of factors, which include the level of environmental awareness of waste generators, responsibility for violation of technological standards, ability to organize the sorting of household waste, state priorities for the implementation of waste management policy, legal responsibility for unauthorized waste.

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Evaluation of solid waste management at campus using the “Zero Waste Index”: The case on campus of Islamic University of Indonesia

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201815402004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 154 ◽

pp. 02004 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kasam ◽

Fajri Mulya Iresha ◽

Satrio Ajie Prasojo

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Organic Waste ◽

Solid Waste Management ◽

Virgin Material ◽

Waste Generation ◽

Material Substitution ◽

Zero Waste ◽

Waste Index ◽

The Impact

Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning (FCEP) Islamic University of Indonesia (UII) after doing zero waste program which has been going on September 2016. Zero waste concept are needed to measure how far the ability virgin material substitution to balance with the system of zero waste. The aims of this research is to calculate zero waste index (ZWI) value, to know the impact of zero waste index, and to give the solution for zero waste program. The location was doing in FCEP UII Campus. The method of sampling was using for this research is refers to SNI 19-3964-1994 about to calculate waste generation of residential. The result shows value of zero waste index at FCEP UII are 0,26. FCEP UII reuse 134,19 kg waste of total 516,37 kg waste that has been produced. The waste that has been reuse is organic waste 87,93 kg, plastic waste 21,49 kg, and paper waste 24,77 kg. 80,10% FCEP peoples already know about zero waste program at FCEP UII. 98,90% of FCEP peoples, was agree with waste segregate, and 57,50% FCEP peoples are don’t know that waste from FCEP have been manage. Although as many as 29% of element campus do not understand about the zero waste program but the majority of them support the program.

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The effect of solid waste management investments in the Republic of Serbia

Anali Ekonomskog fakulteta u Subotici ◽

10.5937/aneksub2145133p ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (45) ◽

pp. 133-146

Author(s):

Aleksandra Pavlović ◽

Andrea Ivanišević ◽

Ivana Katić ◽

Alpar Lošonc ◽

Mladen Radišić

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste Management ◽

Animal Health ◽

Waste Reduction ◽

Waste Generation ◽

Solid Waste Generation ◽

The Republic ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

The problem of establishing an effective solid waste management system is complex and still unresolved in Serbian municipalities, cities and settlements. Most landfills in Serbia do not meet basic sanitary standards and can often contain waste that is dangerous to human, plant and animal health, and waste that can be recycled is often dumped. The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between waste generation and private investments in waste management. Statistical method of multiple linear regression was used to examine the impact of three predictors - economic development, investments in waste management, and urban population, on the dependent variable - municipal solid waste generation. The results of the research reveal that investments in waste management in Serbia do not have an effect on the waste reduction because the financial resources for such investments are not adequately managed. There is a large number of scientific researches that have dealt with the analysis of the mentioned relationship, however, their number on the example of Serbia is rather scarce. The results of the research could be useful to the state administrations of the Republic of Serbia.

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TAKAKURA TRAINING FOR COMMUNITY EMPOWERING IN MANAGING DOMESTIC WASTE AT KAMPUNG TENGAH, KRAMAT JATI, JAKARTA TIMUR

ICCD ◽

10.33068/iccd.vol2.iss1.154 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 404-408

Author(s):

Ira Mulyawati ◽

Ninin Gusdini ◽

Laila Febrina

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Household Waste ◽

Waste Generation ◽

Wholesale Market ◽

Domestic Waste ◽

Urban Waste ◽

The Village ◽

The City

One of the bigest problems cities in Indonesia such as Jakarta is still cannot be solve properly the problem of urban waste. The amount of municipal solid waste of DKI Jakarta based on data from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry in the 2017-2018 period is 6234.44 tons / day with 1.85 tons / day sourced from the city of East Jakarta. East Jakarta with its main market namely Kramat Jati market has a fairly complicated municipal waste problem, this has an impact on the amount of waste around the wholesale market, one of which is the village of Kampung Tengah. Kampung Tengah has a quite serious waste problem because the waste is not only produced from household waste, but from onion peeler craftsmen who later the onions are sold to the Kramat Jati market. To overcome these problems, one of the solution is by empowering the community in managing household waste. Therefor, Kampung Tengah communities are given knowledge about waste management through training. The training conducted is about how to use methods that are easy to apply and effective in reducing the amount of waste generation, namely the Takakura method. Participants given the training were focused on RW.10 with 25 participants. The result of the training is that the community has been able to apply the Takakura method to make compost from household waste.

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The Impact of COVID-19 on Solid Waste Generation in the Perspectives of Socioeconomic and People’s Behavior: A Case Study in Serdang, Malaysia

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su132313045 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (23) ◽

pp. 13045

Author(s):

Veknesh Arumugam ◽

Ismail Abdullah ◽

Irwan Syah Md Yusoff ◽

Nor Liza Abdullah ◽

Ramli Mohd Tahir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste Management ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Movement Control ◽

Data Generation ◽

Waste Generation ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Solid Waste Generation ◽

The Impact

Malaysia has enforced several phases of Movement Control Order (MCO) as a quarantine period since 18 March 2020 with the intended purpose of containing the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. The quarantine has affected people’s daily lives with frequent job dismissal and retrenchment due to the struggling economic conditions of particularly small and medium businesses. This study aimed to understand the impact of MCO on solid waste management in Serdang, Selangor from the aspects of socioeconomic and people’s behavior. Solid waste generation data in Serdang, Selangor was collected by KDEB Waste Management through waste weighing daily throughout 2019 and 2020. The collection was conducted according to different housing areas of Serdang. The quantitative findings have recorded a decline of 9.94% in solid waste data generation subjected to COVID-19 lockdown. In conjunction with that, an online questionnaire participated by 310 respondents was conducted on understanding the effect of the lockdown on people’s behavior and socioeconomic aspect with respect to solid waste management. This study revealed that June onwards (after MCO Phase 1) generated the most solid waste. Indeed, solid waste generation due to MCO according to the waste refusal behavior is the consensus in favor of Malaysia’s appropriate need for stricter policies.

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Characterization and Quantification of Municipal Solid Waste in Jeetpur Simara Sub- Metropolitan City, Nepal

Hydro Nepal Journal of Water Energy and Environment ◽

10.3126/hn.v22i0.18996 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. 45-47

Author(s):

Yubraj Dahal ◽

Bikash Adhikari

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Municipal Solid Waste ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Organic Waste ◽

Solid Waste Management ◽

Household Waste ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽

Waste Generation ◽

Metropolitan City

Waste management, being one of the most important aspects of urban development, is gaining importance among developing nation like Nepal where rapid population growth, unmanaged urbanization, lack of public awareness and poor management by municipalities have intensified environmental problems in towns in Nepal. In Nepal only six municipalities i.e. Kathmandu, Lalitpur, Pokhara, Dhankuta, Tansen and Ghorahi practice sanitary landfill for waste management and other municipality practices open dumping which has become major cause of environmental and human health hazards (ADB, 2013).Jeetpur Simara Sub-Metropolitan City (JSSMC) is a recently formed sub-metropolitan city. This city has not performed any study on solid waste management till date and lacks data on quantity and composition of municipal solid waste generation that facilitates effective planning of municipal solid waste management. The household survey revealed an average per capita household waste generation rate of 120 g/capita/day. The total Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generation is estimated about 15 tons/day and 5475 tons/year. The analysis of household waste composition indicated that the highest waste category was organic waste with 80% followed by plastics with 10%, paper and paper products with 6% and inert with 4%. The composition analysis of institutional wastes revealed 41% paper and paper products, 33% plastics, 13% organic wastes and 13% inert. The study found that commercial waste comprised 59% paper and paper products, 21% plastics, 17% organic and 3% inert. In aggregate, MSW is composed of 56% organic waste, 21% paper and paper products, 19% plastics, and 3% inert. HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water Energy and EnvironmentIssue No: 22Page: 45-47Uploaded date: January 14, 2018

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Sampah Rumah Tangga di Ternate

TECHNO JURNAL PENELITIAN ◽

10.33387/tk.v7i01.661 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (01) ◽

pp. 76

Author(s):

Bahtiar Bahtiar ◽

Zulkifli Ahmad ◽

Wiyana Pobi

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Household Waste ◽

Management Systems ◽

Waste Generation ◽

Potential Description ◽

The Future ◽

Selection Of

Abstrak Jumlah penduduk Kota Ternate 212.997 jiwa, luas wilayah 111,39 km2 dengan kepadatan 1.865,42 jiwa/ km2. Apabila kita menggunaan pendekatan paradigma “sampah sebagai barang berguna” maka jumlah penduduk sebanyak itu menghasilkan volume sampah yang berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan dan diolah kembali. Terkait kepentingan pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan sampah di Kota Ternate ke depan, maka kedudukan sampah merupakan sebuah potensi. Deskripsi potensi sampah harus diawali dengan pengenalan komposisi dan timbulan sampah yang ada, terutama sampah rumah tangga. Gambaran komposisi akan memberikan informasi tentang komponen yang terdapat dalam buangan padat beserta distribusinya. Timbulan sampah memberikan informasi banyaknya sampah rumah tangga yang dihasilkan. Data timbulan sampah juga diperlukan untuk desain sistem pengelolaan persampahan, seleksi jenis peralatan untuk transportasi sampah dan desain tempat pembuangan sampah. Kata Kunci:, komposisi sampah, rumah tangga, Kota Ternate Abstract The population of Ternate City is 212,997 people, the area of 111.39 km2 with the density of 1,865.42 people/km2. If we use the paradigm approach of "waste as a useful item" then the amount of population as much as it produces the volume of waste that has the potential to be utilized and reprocessed. Related to the management and utilization of waste in Ternate City in the future, the position of waste is a potential. Description of potential waste should be started with the introduction of composition and waste generation, especially household waste. The composition description will provide information on the components contained in solid waste and its distribution. Waste generation provides information on the amount of household waste generated. Waste generation data is also required for the design of waste management systems, the selection of equipment types for waste transport and the design of landfills. Keywords: composition of waste, household, Ternate city

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A Review : Sustainability from Waste

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology ◽

10.32628/ijsrst196630 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 134-155

Author(s):

Kriti Jain ◽

Chirag Shah

Keyword(s):

Waste Management ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Waste To Energy ◽

Waste Generation ◽

Material Resources ◽

Waste Dumps ◽

Waste Segregation ◽

Treatment And Disposal ◽

Engineered Landfill

The increasing volume and complexity of waste associated with the modern economy as due to the ranging population, is posing a serious risk to ecosystems and human health. Every year, an estimated 11.2 billion tonnes of solid waste is collected worldwide and decay of the organic proportion of solid waste is contributing about 5 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions (UNEP). Poor waste management - ranging from non-existing collection systems to ineffective disposal causes air pollution, water and soil contamination. Open and unsanitary landfills contribute to contamination of drinking water and can cause infection and transmit diseases. The dispersal of debris pollutes ecosystems and dangerous substances from waste or garbage puts a strain on the health of urban dwellers and the environment. India, being second most populated country of the world that too with the lesser land area comparatively, faces major environmental challenges associated with waste generation and inadequate waste collection, transport, treatment and disposal. Population explosion, coupled with improved life style of people, results in increased generation of solid wastes in urban as well as rural areas of the country. The challenges and barriers are significant, but so are the opportunities. A priority is to move from reliance on waste dumps that offer no environmental protection, to waste management systems that retain useful resources within the economy [2]. Waste segregation at source and use of specialized waste processing facilities to separate recyclable materials has a key role. Disposal of residual waste after extraction of material resources needs engineered landfill sites and/or investment in waste-to-energy facilities. This study focusses on the minimization of the waste and gives the brief about the various initiations for proper waste management system. Hence moving towards the alternatives is the way to deal with these basic problems. This paper outlines various advances in the area of waste management. It focuses on current practices related to waste management initiatives taken by India. The purpose of this article put a light on various initiatives in the country and locates the scope for improvement in the management of waste which will also clean up the unemployment.

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