scholarly journals The Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites and Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Captive Ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) in Trinidad, West Indies

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Alissa Bally ◽  
Stacy Francis-Charles ◽  
Tariq Ackbar ◽  
Yadel Beharrylal ◽  
Roxanne Charles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Leopardus Pardalis ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Faecal Samples

This study was conducted from November 2010 to June 2011 to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites and the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in captive ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) in Trinidad. Faecal samples were collected and analyzed using faecal flotation to identify helminth ova and protozoan cysts and oocysts. Serum samples from captive ocelots were screened for T. gondii using a latex agglutination test kit. Of the 19 ocelots examined, the most prevalent parasites noted were ova of ascarids, strongyles, and Capillaria spp. The serum of three of the 13 (23.1%) ocelots tested was positive for T. gondii antibodies. These ocelots are therefore a potential source of T. gondii infection to both humans and other animals. This is the first documented report of endoparasites in local captive ocelots within Trinidad and provides useful data to support further research of the captive and wild populations.

Cross-sectional survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection in colony cats from urban Florence (Italy)

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Mancianti ◽  
Simona Nardoni ◽  
Gaetano Ariti ◽  
Dario Parlanti ◽  
Giovanna Giuliani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Modified Agglutination Test ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Cats are the key species in the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection, even if the proportion of subjects excreting oocysts is low. The aim of the present paper was to obtain information about seroprevalence, oocyst shedding rate and presence of T gondii DNA in faeces collected from an urban population of colony cats in Florence (Tuscany). Fifty European shorthair feral cats were examined for anti- T gondii specific antibodies by a modified agglutination test (MAT), and for oocysts by microscopic examination and for faecal protozoal DNA, by means of a nested polymerase chain reaction (n-PCR) protocol. Twenty-two out of 50 serum samples (44%) were MAT positive. T gondii oocysts were not detected in any of the examined faecal samples. Eight out of 50 faecal specimens (16%) were n-PCR positive and sequencing of the bands was specific for T gondii. Detection by combination of the two methods was higher than single techniques and enhanced the detection of T gondii up to 48%. Our results suggest that the use of MAT plus PCR in faeces may be the best choice for diagnosis of feline toxoplasmosis. Further studies to ascertain the real infectivity of the copro-PCR positive subjects are required.

scholarly journals Detection of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in trade donkeys (Equus asinus) at Ganawuri district market, Riyom Local Government area, Plateau State, North Central Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
Shalangwa Ishaku Bata ◽  
Shalom Kumra Byencit
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North Central ◽  
Plateau State

Background and Aim: Toxoplasma gondii is a parasite of public health significance due to its possible transmission to humans through ingestion of tissue cysts in raw or undercooked meat or food or water contaminated with oocysts shed by felids and transplacental transmission. This study was carried out to provide information on the possible risk of transmission through eating undercooked donkey meat by conducting a market based cross-sectional study design to determine the presence of T. gondii antibodies in trade donkeys in Ganawuri district, Riyom Local Government Area, Plateau State, North Central, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: One hundred and thirteen serum samples were collected from trade donkeys at the market and analyzed for T. gondii antibodies using latex agglutination test (LAT). Serum samples with LAT titer >10 μl/ml were considered positive. Results: The distribution of the donkeys based on their sources showed that greater proportions (61.1%) were from North Eastern part of the country. The study showed that 31 of the serum samples collected and analyzed were positive for T. gondii antibodies given an overall prevalence of 27.4%. The prevalence ranges between 22.2 and 33.3% across the states where the donkeys were sourced. The study showed that seropositivity increases with age (p=0.003; OR=11.8) and ranges between 12.5 and 47.2%. The prevalence did not vary significantly based on sex and source/location (p=0.494, OR=0.05; 0.920, 1.45, respectively). Conclusion: This study showed that trade donkeys at Ganawuri district market have antibodies to T. gondii and suggest a public health risk from the consumption of undercooked donkey meat.

scholarly journals Development of an Immunochromatographic Assay Based on Dense Granule Protein 7 for Serological Detection of Toxoplasma gondii Infection

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 596-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Alaa Terkawi ◽  
Kyohko Kameyama ◽  
Nazim Hamza Rasul ◽  
Xuean Xuan ◽  
Yoshifumi Nishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Dense Granule ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Field Samples

ABSTRACTDense granule antigen proteins derived fromToxoplasma gondii(TgGRAs) are potential antigens for the development of diagnostic tools. TgGRA7 and TgGRA14 were detected in the peritoneal fluid ofT. gondii-infected mice, suggesting that TgGRAs may be highly antigenic proteins. Here, TgGRA7 and TgGRA14 were evaluated as candidates for the development of a marker for a rapid diagnostic test. The specificity and sensitivity of purified recombinant proteins of TgGRA7 and TgGRA14 were compared in an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) using a series of serum samples fromT. gondii-experimentally infected mice and using recombinantT. gondiimajor surface antigen 2 (TgSAG2) as a reference control. The iELISA with TgGRA7 showed the greatest diagnostic accuracy and could detect anti-TgGRA7 antibody in acute and chronic infections. A total of 59 field samples from pigs were also examined by the iELISAs, and the results compared with those of the latex agglutination test (LAT). Among the three recombinant antigens, TgGRA7 had the highest rates of positivity, with significant concordance (88.14) and kappa value (0.76) in comparison with the results using LAT. Furthermore, an immunochromatographic test (ICT) based on recombinant TgGRA7 was developed for rapid detection of antibodies to the infection. The ICT differentiated clearly between sera fromT. gondii-infected mice and uninfected orNeospora caninum-infected mice. Pig sera were examined with the ICT, and the results compared favorably with those of LAT and iELISA for TgGRA7, with kappa values of 0.66 and 0.70 to 0.79, respectively. These data suggest that the ICT based on TgGRA7 is a promising diagnostic tool for routine testing in the clinic and mass screening of samples in the field.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Study of Toxoplasmosis in Domestic Chickens in Sulaimani Province

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Latex Agglutination Test ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
First Report ◽  
Seropositive Rate

Toxoplasma gondii causes toxoplasmosis in human and animals, a disease of cosmopolitan character. A total of 65 serum samples of domestic chickens (Gallus domesticus) from Sulaimani region were collected from May till August 2012.The overall seropositivity against T. gondii antibody was 60% based on the Latex agglutination test (LAT). The positive agglutination titers were ranged between 1:2 -1:128, and the highest seropositive rate observed at a titer 1: 128 was 25.64% . The present study demonstrated that anti-Toxoplasma antibodies were high in chickens in this study.In histopathological examination of brain samples, tissue cysts were observed in 7 samples 33.33%. About the Giemsa stained impression tissue smears of liver, kidney and spleen of all seropositive chickens tissue cysts also observed at the rate of 38.46%, 20.51% and 12.82% respectively, the results indicate that T. gondii localized in the liver more often than in other tissues of naturally infected chickens.This is the first report of T. gondii infection in domestic chickens in Sulaimani province.

scholarly journals Serological study of toxoplasmosis spread among unmarried female university students using LAT, ELISA and IgG avidity

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 714-720
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Igm Elisa ◽  
Positive Results

Toxoplasma gondii has a worldwide distribution and it is one of the most prevalent infectious agents in Iraq. The study was conducted on 200 serum samples of unmarried female university of students age ranged between 18 to 26 years to detect Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. The aim of this study was to detect T. gondii antibodies among unmarried female students in Iraqi universities using different serological tests. Seventy six (38%) serum samples out of 200 subjects were positive for toxoplasma antibodies by Latex agglutination test (LAT). Among 76 LAT sera positive ,only 58 (29%) serum samples were positive with toxoplasma IgG ELISA test , however , the results of IgM ELISA assay were positive only for 3 (1.5%) unmarried female sample .None of negative LAT serum samples gave positive results with neither IgG nor IgM ELISA.

Serological Survey and Associated Risk Factors on Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Goats in Mila District, Algeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dahmane ◽  
S. Boussena ◽  
F. Hafsi ◽  
F. Ghalmi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Eastern Algeria

AbstractToxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite prevalent in humans and other animals worldwide having medical and veterinary importance on account of reproductive failure causing significant socioeconomic losses. The aims of this study were to estimate the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in goats, determined the possible risk factors associated, and evaluate the performances of the latex agglutination test (LAT) to anti-T. gondii antibodies screening using the indirect Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as a reference test (iELISA). A total of 184 serum samples from goats reared on 25 farms in Mila district from North-Eastern Algeria were collected and tested for anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies using two commercial serological tests (ELISA and LAT). A seroprevalence rate of 71.73 % and 63.58 % was obtained by both ELISA and LAT tests, respectively. The analysis of some factors thought to be related to the onset of this infection such as age, sex, management system, locality and presence of cats showed no significant relationship (P > 0.05); these factors did not seem to affect the frequency of the infection. The seropositivity level of T. gondii was significantly higher in aborted goats (P = 0.007), which suggested that they may play a significant role in pregnancy failure. In the concordance evaluation between the two serological tests (ELISA and LAT), the Cohen’s Kappa value was calculated and the results showed a K of 0.519 (p = 0.000) belonging to the range of 0.41—0.60 indicating just average agreement. The results of the Mc Nemar test showed that both tests gave significantly different results and seropositivity values (P < 0.05). The high prevalence observed in this study indicated a widespread exposure to T. gondii from goats and the potential risk of T. gondii infection for humans in North-Eastern Algeria. These results elucidate the challenges of applying serology to estimate goat exposure to T. gondii. The choice between the two serological tests will depend on their performances, as well as the availability of the equipment, laboratory conditions and the number of samples to be tested.

scholarly journals First record of Toxoplasma gondii in Chaetophractus villosus in Argentina

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta S. Kin ◽  
Marcelo Fort ◽  
Hugo D. Giménez ◽  
Emma B. Casanave
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
First Record ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
Chaetophractus Villosus ◽  
Zoonotic Risk ◽  
Reproductive Disorder ◽  
Indirect Hemagglutination ◽  
Indirect Hemagglutination Test

AbstractToxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite that causes abortion and reproductive disorder in domestic animals. T. gondii is a common worldwide disease in homeothermic animals, including birds and humans. The aim of the present study was to determine the presence of antibodies against T. gondii in the armadillo Chaetophractus villosus in the province of La Pampa, Argentina. Serum samples were collected from 150 individuals (70 males and 80 females). For serological detection of T. gondii, a latex agglutination test was first performed and then positive sera were confirmed with an indirect hemagglutination test, using 1:4 to 1:64 dilutions. Results showed that 27% (41) of the samples presented titers for antibodies against T. gondii. There were not significant differences between the presence of antibodies against T. gondii and age or sexes of the armadillos. Results show that presence of T. gondii antibodies in armadillos were associated with presence of pigs, and sheep, however there was not association with chickens and dairy cattle in capture site. T. gondii has an important presence in C. villosus population, suggesting a potential zoonotic risk for humans and wildlife animals when C. villosus meats are consumed raw or undercooked. This is the first record of the presence of antibodies against T. gondii in C. villosus.

scholarly journals Domestic Pigeons As A Potential Hazzard For Transmission Of Some Human Protozoan Parasites

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Refaat M.A. Khalifa ◽  
Abdallah A.E. Hassan ◽  
Mohsen I. Arafa ◽  
Hanan E. M. Eldeek ◽  
Wafaa G. Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites ◽  
Domestic Pigeons

Domestic pigeons (Columba liviadomestica) of the order Columbiformes are ubiquitous birds and can be found in virtually every town and city around the globe. Their interaction with humans and domestic animals and wild birds makes them a potential carrier of zoonotic parasites. The present study aimed to detect the prevalence of different zoonotic protozoans that affect different-aged domestic pigeons in different localities in Assiut Governorate, Egypt. A total of 50 fecal samples from 20 young and 30 adult pigeons were collected and examined for identification and estimation of prevalence of Cryptosporidium sp. and Microsporidium sp. using modified Kinyoun acid-fast stain. For detection of the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii, serum samples from 50 pigeons were examined serologically for the presence of Toxoplasma antibodies by using Latex Agglutination test. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium sp. infection was 20%; 6.7% in adult pigeons and 40 % in young pigeons while that of Microsporidium sp. was 40% both in adult and young pigeons. Mixed infection was detected in only two young pigeons (10%). Regarding Toxoplasma gondii detection, the number of seropositive cases detected by LAT was 29 out of 50 (58%). The positive agglutination titers, among 14 (48.27%) seropositive pigeons ranged between 1:2 -1:128. It was concluded that domestic pigeons may be considered as a reservoir host for Cryptosporidium, Microsporidium, and Toxoplasmagondii human infection which represents a serious human public health problem especially for high risk groups of population living in the same dwellings with pigeons. Moreover, the present pilot results provide a baseline data for planning future researches and control strategies against domestic pigeon's parasites.

scholarly journals Exposure to Toxoplasma gondii in Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus indicus) in Thailand

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Ruenruetai Udonsom ◽  
Yoshifumi Nishikawa ◽  
Ragab M. Fereig ◽  
Thitirat Topisit ◽  
Natchakorn Kulkaweewut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Elephas Maximus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Asian Elephants ◽  
Seropositivity Rate ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Toxoplasma gondii is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis in humans and various animal species worldwide. In Thailand, seroprevalence studies on T. gondii have focused on domestic animals, and information on infections in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus indicus) is scarce. This study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in archival sera collected from 268 elephants living in Thailand. The serum samples were analyzed for anti-T. gondii immunoglobulin G antibodies using the latex agglutination test (LAT) and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) based on T. gondii lysate antigen (TLA-iELISA) and recombinant T. gondii dense granular antigen 8 protein (TgGRA8-iELISA). The prevalence of antibodies against T. gondii was 45.1% (121/268), 40.7% (109/268), and 44.4% (119/268) using LAT, TLA-iELISA, and TgGRA8-iELISA, respectively. Young elephants had a higher seropositivity rate than elephants aged >40 years (odds ratio = 6.6; p < 0.001; 95% confidence interval: 2.9–15.4). When LAT was used as the reference, TLA-iELISA and TgGRA8-iELISA showed a substantial (κ = 0.69) and moderate (κ = 0.42) agreement, respectively. Although our findings suggest the widespread exposure of Asian elephants to T. gondii in Thailand, the source of infection was not investigated. Therefore, investigation of the predisposing factors associated with toxoplasmosis is necessary to identify the potential risk factors for infection.

scholarly journals Study on Prevalence of Toxoplasmosis and Associated Risk Factors in Nangarhar

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Huma Ahmady
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Introduction: Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that represents an actual public health problem. Nangarhar is a tropical region in southern of Afghanistan, due to importance of abortions by Toxoplasmosis and absence of study evidences in this field in Nangarhar province, this cross sectional hospital based research was accomplished. Purpose: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of T. gondii and possible risk factors associated with the infection among the women who have abortion in Nangarhar province. Methodology: Designed questionnaire for obtaining history of abortion and interviewing with aborted patients were use, the convenient sampling method as well using Latex agglutination Lab Test (LAT) a total of 100 serum samples of miscarriage women from Nangarhar different districts were collected and tested for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. All collected data were analysed using ANOVA. SPSS Program.Findings: The overall prevalence of toxoplasmosis in mentioned women was 47% (47/100 cases).  From 47 positive cases 17 (34%) was in women resident in Urban areas and 30 (60%) was those resident in Rustic areas. The prevalence rate showed there was significant differences between women resident in Rustic and those in urban areas. The people who are living in rustic area (30%) were more exposed to infection than those who were living in urban area (17%) (P < 0.015). Higher prevalence was observed in 25-30 years old group than the others (P <0.05). The result showed that Contact with raw or uncooked meet, water and soil, contaminated food and animals were significant (P <0.05).

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