scholarly journals Study of Cognitive State Recognition and Assistive System for Overall Reading of Foreign Literature Based on Intelligent Sensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Xueqing Song
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Direct Memory Access ◽  
Wearable Device ◽  
Text Recognition ◽  
Cognitive State ◽  
Intelligent Sensor ◽  
Embedded Platform ◽  
Intelligent Sensors ◽  
Reading Efficiency ◽  
Foreign Text

In real life, the text is one of the main carrier forms of information, which carries human civilization, and spreads knowledge to people, and also promotes culture and records history; however, how to read more information in a limited time, that is, to improve reading efficiency, has become a problem to be solved by current technology. The purpose of this paper is to integrate the existing wearable device concept, combined with a wireless intelligent sensor system; design a wearable reading assistance system designed to facilitate the use of blind and partially sighted people, based on the study and comparison of existing text recognition products; improve their functions and implementation platform, combined with wireless network; and design a wearable device that can achieve foreign text recognition and reading cognitive state reading assistance thereby improving reading efficiency. This paper proposes a method to implement foreign text decoding under the embedded platform with relatively few resources and quickly completes image acquisition, binarization, and compressed storage through the bit and storage area and DMA (direct memory access) double buffering mechanism unique to the chip selected in this paper; proposes to use the connected boundary tracking algorithm to find foreign text locators, reducing a large number of floating-point operations; does not rotate the image, instead, the image is directly sampled at the current rotation angle, and then foreign text bitstream information is acquired to realize the decoding of foreign text under the embedded platform with relatively fewer resources.

A Sensor-Driven Approach to Distributed Shop Floor Planning and Control

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihui Wang ◽  
Weiming Shen ◽  
Xiaoqian Li ◽  
Sherman Lang
Keyword(s):  
Shop Floor ◽  
Seamless Integration ◽  
Intelligent Sensor ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Intelligent Sensors ◽  
System A ◽  
Floor Planning ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control ◽  
Made In

The objective of this research is to develop methodology and framework for distributed shop floor planning, real-time monitoring, and remote device control supported by intelligent sensors. An intelligent sensor serves runtime data from bottom up to facilitate high-level decision-making. It assures that correct decisions are made in a timely manner, if compared with the best estimations of engineers. Being an adaptive system, a so-designed framework will improve the flexibility and dynamism of shop floor operations, and provide a seamless integration among process planning, resource scheduling, job execution, process monitoring, and device control. This paper presents principles of the methodology, details in architecture design, module interactions, information flow, and a proof-of-concept prototype implementation.

Commons and Cognition

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 587-616
Author(s):  
Carol M. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Cognitive State ◽  
Common Pool ◽  
Common Resource ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Full Benefit ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Great Knowledge

Abstract Garrett Hardin’s Tragedy of the Commons primarily concerns actions rather than thoughts. But he did famously describe the cognitive state of a hypothetical herder on a grassy field. With respect to the field and its other users, Hardin’s herder is both ignorant and indifferent; he coolly calculates that his best option is to take the full benefit of grazing his stock while suffering only a fraction of the cost — an action that contributes to the decimation of a common resource. While Hardin viewed the herder’s attitude as identical to that of actors in many other collective action situations, the work of other commons theorists suggests several different cognitive stances among such actors, largely depending on the scale of the commons issues they face. Thus participants in the Prisoner’s Dilemma (a very small commons) would appear to be dominated by distrust rather than the hypothetical herder’s ignorance or indifference. Participants in mid-sized commons — such as Hardin’s herders in real life — show some distrust, but also great knowledge and engagement in common pool management. Participants in the largest-scale commons issues are actually those most likely to exhibit the ignorance and indifference that Hardin attributed to the herder. This Article discusses the ways in which these different cognitive stances track the scale of collective action “tragedies” as described by major theorists and concludes with some observations about the cognitive aspects of climate change.

scholarly journals A Review of Semantic Sensor Technologies in Internet of Things Architectures

Complexity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gergely Marcell Honti ◽  
Janos Abonyi
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Intelligent Sensor ◽  
Semantic Metadata ◽  
Sensory Data ◽  
Intelligent Sensors ◽  
High Level

Intelligent sensors should be seamlessly, securely, and trustworthy interconnected to enable automated high-level smart applications. Semantic metadata can provide contextual information to support the accessibility of these features, making it easier for machines and humans to process the sensory data and achieve interoperability. The unique overview of sensor ontologies according to the semantic needs of the layers of IoT solutions can serve a guideline of engineers and researchers interested in the development of intelligent sensor-based solutions. The explored trends show that ontologies will play an even more essential role in interlinked IoT systems as interoperability and the generation of controlled linkable data sources should be based on semantically enriched sensory data.

Problems of Terminology in the Field of Intelligent Sensors and Systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 437 ◽  
pp. 434-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roald E. Taymanov ◽  
Ksenia Sapozhnikova
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
State Standard ◽  
Measuring Systems ◽  
Intelligent Sensor ◽  
Intelligent Sensors

Terms and definitions in the field of sensors and measuring systems with the elements of artificial intelligence are not well-established. Nowadays, in Russia a draft of state standard “Intelligent Sensors and Intelligent Measuring Systems. Basic Terms and Definitions” is being under development. In accordance with the draft of the standard, the paper deals both with definitions and grounds of a number of terms such as “adaptive sensor”, “metrological self-check of sensors”, “metrological diagnostic check”, “intelligent sensor”, etc.

scholarly journals Emotional valence sensing using a wearable facial EMG device

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wataru Sato ◽  
Koichi Murata ◽  
Yasuyuki Uraoka ◽  
Kazuaki Shibata ◽  
Sakiko Yoshikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Cued Recall ◽  
Wearable Device ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System Activity ◽  
Facial Electromyography ◽  
Facial Emg ◽  
Nervous System Activity ◽  
Corrugator Supercilii

AbstractEmotion sensing using physiological signals in real-life situations can be practically valuable. Previous studies have developed wearable devices that record autonomic nervous system activity, which reflects emotional arousal. However, no study determined whether emotional valence can be assessed using wearable devices. To this end, we developed a wearable device to record facial electromyography (EMG) from the corrugator supercilii (CS) and zygomatic major (ZM) muscles. To validate the device, in Experiment 1, we used a traditional wired device and our wearable device, to record participants’ facial EMG while they were viewing emotional films. Participants viewed the films again and continuously rated their recalled subjective valence during the first viewing. The facial EMG signals recorded using both wired and wearable devices showed that CS and ZM activities were, respectively, negatively and positively correlated with continuous valence ratings. In Experiment 2, we used the wearable device to record participants’ facial EMG while they were playing Wii Bowling games and assessed their cued-recall continuous valence ratings. CS and ZM activities were correlated negatively and positively, respectively, with continuous valence ratings. These data suggest the possibility that facial EMG signals recorded by a wearable device can be used to assess subjective emotional valence in future naturalistic studies.

scholarly journals An Enhanced Intellectual CAPTCHA based on Intrinsic Situation Reaction Turing Test

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 3726-3731
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Turing Test ◽  
Text Recognition ◽  
User Needs ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Correct Decision ◽  
Reaction Test ◽  
Mathematical Calculation ◽  
Picture Identification

Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart (CAPTCHA) is a challenge response tactics for identifying whether intervened user is human or bot. It is a benchmark task in the field of artificial intelligence that acquires capabilities to secure a webpage or database from programmed loop. There are various ways to attempt such tests i.e. distorted text recognition, motion text recognition, picture identification, mathematical calculation and AI problems as gaming CAPTCHA. Nowadays CAPTCHA is well thought-out as a broadly employed technique which is exploited by web services to prevent their system from unusual relay attacks. It is basically a Turing test required to differentiate whether the accessed client is either a human being or a robot. CAPTCHA is a trending approach where user needs to play an artificial game which is based on some logics that can be understood by human and almost impossible for robots. Gaming CAPTCHA is trending now where user is required to understand the task and perform as it required. But dragging an object towards target area on the basis of object recognition is not a big deal either for human or bots. It is required to put some intellectual efforts that automated programs do not understand. Proposed system is able to provide highly secured technique that easily differentiates human and bots. Proposed CAPTCHA is based on situation reaction test where user is required to take fundamentally correct decision as per the situation. Situation reaction based CAPTCHA is a new and effective approach where hard AI problem proposed that only possible for human and almost impossible for bots. Robot is always weak in correct decision making especially in real life situations that is why situation reaction CAPTCHA plays an important role in the field of turing test.

scholarly journals Measuring Reference-Free Total Displacements of Piles and Columns Using Low-Cost, Battery-Powered, Efficient Wireless Intelligent Sensors (LEWIS2)

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlon Aguero ◽  
Ali Ozdagli ◽  
Fernando Moreu
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Maximum Error ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Intelligent Sensor ◽  
Traffic Demand ◽  
Require Time ◽  
Intelligent Sensors ◽  
Rail Infrastructure ◽  
Cost Efficient

Currently, over half of the U.S.’s railroad bridges are more than 100 years old. Railroad managers ensure that the proper Maintenance, Repair, and Replacement (MRR) of rail infrastructure is prioritized to safely adapt to the increasing traffic demand. By 2035, the demand for U.S. railroad transportation will increase by 88%, which indicates that considerable expenditure is necessary to upgrade rail infrastructure. Railroad bridge managers need to use their limited funds for bridge MRR to make informed decisions about safety. Consequently, they require economical and reliable methods to receive objective data about bridge displacements under service loads. Current methods of measuring displacements are often expensive. Wired sensors, such as Linear Variable Differential Transformers (LVDTs), require time-consuming installation and involve high labor and maintenance costs. Wireless sensors (WS) are easier to install and maintain but are in general technologically complex and costly. This paper summarizes the development and validation of LEWIS2, the second version of the real-time, low-cost, efficient wireless intelligent sensor (LEWIS) for measuring and autonomously storing reference-free total transverse displacements. The new features of LEWIS2 include portability, accuracy, cost-effectiveness, and readiness for field application. This research evaluates the effectiveness of LEWIS2 for measuring displacements through a series of laboratory experiments. The experiments demonstrate that LEWIS2 can accurately estimate reference-free total displacements, with a maximum error of only 11% in comparison with the LVDT, while it costs less than 5% of the average price of commercial wireless sensors.

scholarly journals Helping Elderly Users Report Pain Levels: A Study of User Experience with Mobile and Wearable Interfaces

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iyubanit Rodríguez ◽  
Gabriela Cajamarca ◽  
Valeria Herskovic ◽  
Carolina Fuentes ◽  
Mauricio Campos
Keyword(s):  
Body Position ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Wearable Device ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Patient Reports ◽  
Doctor Visits ◽  
Physical Limitations ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Wearable Interfaces ◽  
Elderly Users

Pain is usually measured through patient reports during doctor visits, but it requires regular evaluation under real-life conditions to be resolved effectively. Over half of older adults suffer from pain. Chronic conditions such as this one may be monitored through technology; however, elderly users require technology to be specifically designed for them, because many have cognitive and physical limitations and lack digital skills. The purpose of this article is to study whether mobile or wearable devices are appropriate to self-report pain levels and to find which body position is more appropriate for elderly people to wear a device to self-report pain. We implemented three prototypes and conducted two phases of evaluation. We found that users preferred the wearable device over the mobile application and that a wearable to self-report pain should be designed specifically for this purpose. Regarding the placement of the wearable, we found that there was no preferred position overall, although the neck position received the most positive feedback. We believe that the possibility of creating a wearable device that may be placed in different positions may be the best solution to satisfy users’ individual preferences.

Sensor Integration Using Neural Networks for Intelligent Tool Condition Monitoring

1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rangwala ◽  
D. Dornfeld
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Noise Suppression ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Intelligent Sensor ◽  
Multiple Sensors ◽  
Intelligent Sensors ◽  
Tool Condition ◽  
Human Operators ◽  
Manufacturing Environments

A framework for intelligent sensors in unmanned machining is proposed. In the absence of human operators, the process monitoring function has to be performed with sensors and associated decision-making systems which are able to interpret incoming sensor information and decide on the appropriate control action. In this paper, neural networks are used to integrate information from multiple sensors (acoustic emission and force) in order to recognize the occurrence of tool wear in a turning operation. The superior learning and noise suppression abilities of these networks enable high success rates for recognizing tool wear under a range of machining conditions. The parallel computation ability of these networks offers the potential for constructing intelligent sensor systems that are able to learn, perform sensor fusion, recognize process abnormalities, and initiate control actions in real-time manufacturing environments.

scholarly journals Validation of the optical Aktiia bracelet in different body positions for the persistent monitoring of blood pressure

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep Sola ◽  
Anna Vybornova ◽  
Sibylle Fallet ◽  
Erietta Polychronopoulou ◽  
Arlene Wurzner-Ghajarzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Target Organ Damage ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Wearable Device ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Candidate Solution ◽  
Diagnosis Of Hypertension

AbstractThe diagnosis of hypertension and the adjustment of antihypertensive drugs are evolving from isolated measurements performed at the physician offices to the full phenotyping of patients in real-life conditions. Indeed, the strongest predictor of cardiovascular risk comes from night measurements. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that a wearable device (the Aktiia Bracelet) can accurately estimate BP in the most common body positions of daily life and thus become a candidate solution for the BP phenotyping of patients. We recruited 91 patients with BP ranging from low to hypertensive levels and compared BP values from the Aktiia Bracelet against auscultatory reference values for 4 weeks according to an extended ISO 81060-2 protocol. After initializing on day one, the observed means and standard deviations of differences for systolic BP were of 0.46 ± 7.75 mmHg in the sitting position, − 2.44 ± 10.15 mmHg in the lying, − 3.02 ± 6.10 mmHg in the sitting with the device on the lap, and − 0.62 ± 12.51 mmHg in the standing position. Differences for diastolic BP readings were respectively of 0.39 ± 6.86 mmHg, − 1.93 ± 7.65 mmHg, − 4.22 ± 6.56 mmHg and − 4.85 ± 9.11 mmHg. This study demonstrates that a wearable device can accurately estimate BP in the most common body positions compared to auscultation, although precision varies across positions. While wearable persistent BP monitors have the potential to facilitate the identification of individual BP phenotypes at scale, their prognostic value for cardiovascular events and its association with target organ damage will need cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Deploying this technology at a community level may be also useful to drive public health interventions against the epidemy of hypertension.

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